Hana ʻia ka lawaiʻa Baikal i kēlā me kēia makahiki kokoke i ke kauhale o Turka. Kau ʻia no Malaki, i ʻole e paʻa ka hau, akā no ka hopu ʻana i ka hau. Lawaiʻa hau. Hele mai lākou i nā hui mai nā wahi Baikal, Siberia Komohana, a me ka Hikina o ka ʻāina.
Aia kekahi mau malihini malihini mai Kina, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka mea lanakila e ke kaupaona o nā iʻa i hopu ʻia e ke kime. Ua lanakila nā kamaʻāina Khabarovsk i Malaki 2018. ʻO ka nui o ka iʻa o ka hui he 983 gram. E manaʻo paha kekahi he kakaikahi nā iʻa ma Lake Baikal a he liʻiliʻi ia. Pēlā paha?
Hoʻokaʻina iʻa Baikal
Ke ʻōlelo nei he aha ke ʻano iʻa e noho nei ma Baikal, 'ōlelo nā ichthyologists e pili ana i 15 mau ʻohana a me 5 mau kauoha. Māhele ʻia nā iʻa i loko o lākou.
- siberian
- Siberian-Baikal
- Baikal
ʻO ka mea mua nā hiʻohiʻona o nā waihona wai o Siberia. ʻAʻau wale lākou i ke Kai Kānāwai. Noho ka lua ma ka loko a me nā waihona wai ʻē aʻe o ia wahi. ʻAʻole loaʻa nā ʻano Baikal ma waho o ke Kai Hemolele.
Iʻa kālepa o Baikal
Ma kahi o 60 mau ʻano iʻa e noho nei ma Lake Baikal. Hoʻokahi hapakolu ka mea kalepa. Loaʻa nā ʻano 13 i kahi pae kalepa. ʻO ka hapalua o lākou he mea liʻiliʻi. ʻO:
1. Perch. I Baikal, noho ia i nā wahi pre-estuarine o nā kahawai e kahe ana i ka loko. Pono ka iʻa i ka wai mehana. I loko o ia mea, ulu ka perch a 25 kenimika ka lōʻihi, ke kaupaona ʻia 150-200 gram.
ʻO kekahi a me ka hapalua kilokani kanaka e pili ana i 40 mau kenimika ka lōʻihi i manaʻo ʻia he rarity. I nā hakakā Baikal mehana, aia i 30% o ka nui o nā iʻa i hopu ʻia. I ka hoʻoilo, neʻe nā holoholona i nā kahawai.
2. Dace. Ma nā kahakai ʻo Barguzinsky a me Chivyrkuisky o ka waihona, mai 5 a i 400 mau tona o kēia iʻa. Noho i Baikal kanaka, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai nā helu helu, hoʻololi i nā helu mai kēlā hanauna a i kēia hanauna.
Mālama ka iʻa i ke kapakai, loaʻa kahi kino holo me nā unahi kala nui. He melemele ka fin anal o ka dace. ʻAʻole like me ka perch, noho ka iʻa i ka loko i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa.
3. Carp Crucian. Aia kekahi ʻano kālā ma Baikal. He mea maʻamau ia i nā oxbows o ka loko, akā i ke kai Hemolele ponoʻī he mea liʻiliʻi ia. ʻOkoʻa ka carp kālā i nā koleka ʻē aʻe e kāna fin dorsal lōʻihi.
He kukuna spiky kona, e like me ka perch. Eia nō naʻe, he 2 mau wili ma ka hope o ka hope. Palupalu ka hope. ʻAʻohe o ke keʻa. Iʻa o Baikal ulu i kahi lōʻihi o 30 cm, e loaʻa ana i kahi kaona 300-gram.
4. Pike. Kēia iʻa kālepa o Baikal hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika ka lōʻihi. Manaʻo ʻia ke kūlana he mau kānaka he 60-80 mau kenimika. Kaupaona ʻia a 10 mau kilo. Hiki i nā pilikua ke huki iā 30.
ʻAʻole neʻe ka holoholona ma mua o 10 mau kilomita mai ke kahakai o ka loko, e mālama ana i ka wai mehana o nā mea hāʻawi. Ma laila, hopu nā pikes i nā broadheads Baikal ākea a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe.
5. Roach. Noho nā lālā Siberian ma Baikal. He poʻo pōkole ko ka iʻa, he kino kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka hope, hoʻokaʻawale ka fin i nā kukuna lālā. Aia he 10. o lākou. ʻUlaʻula ka ventral, anal a me nā pectoral fins. Aia kahi wahi ʻulaʻula ma ka iris o nā maka o ka roach.
ʻO nā unahi nunui nā kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha i ka hope. He silvery nā ʻaoʻao o ka iʻa. ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka holoholona ma mua o 18 kenimika. 13. Mālama nā iʻa i loko o nā kula i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu me ka silty, nā mea kanu o lalo.
6. ʻO Gobies a shirokoloboks paha, he 27 mau ʻano o ka loko. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka waihona wai. Ma waho o ia, aia kekahi mau lālani wale nō i nā piko o ka Lena. Aia kekahi mau broadheads i ka Hangar. Kahe ia mai Baikal. No laila, maopopo ka hiki ʻana o nā bipi i ka muliwai.
Iʻa o Lake Baikal alakaʻi i kahi nohona o lalo, nele i nā iwi iwi ākea a me hope. Noho nā ʻano laha ākea i ka loko holoʻokoʻa a i ka hohonu o 1600 mau mika. Kapu kēia i ka lawaiʻa ʻana. Hopu ʻia nā Gobies e noho ana ma kai.
ʻO nā iʻa kalepa waiwai ʻo Baikal he mea maʻamau a hopena paha, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ma waho o ke Kai Hemolele. Aia he 7 mau ʻano i ka papa inoa laulā:
1. ʻO Grayling. Noho ka Siberian subspecies i ka loko, a ua māhelehele ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻano: ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo. Mālama ʻia ka mea mua ma nā kahakai kahakai o ka welau ʻākau a me ka hema o ka waihona. Makemake ka iʻa i kahi pebbled lalo, e piʻi nei i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 20 mika.
Hana kēia i ke kauwela. Ma waho, ola ke oho ʻeleʻele i ka inoa. Aia nā kiko ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula ma ke kino a me nā wili. Hinahina keʻokeʻo māmā. Holo wale ke ʻulaʻula ma ka piko o ka fin dorsal. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ke kino o nā laha ma mua o ka hina hina ʻeleʻele.
ʻO ka fin o ka iʻa keʻokeʻo ma ke kua he haʻahaʻa a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. I ka manawa like, he 4-5 mau manawa ka nui o ka hina keʻokeʻo, e hoʻonui ana i ke kaumaha a 3 kg. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻiʻo. I keʻokeʻo hina, ʻoi aku ka momona, palupalu.
2. Omul. ia hopena iʻa iā Baikal... Aia kekahi omul o ʻEulopa. ʻOi aku ka nui o kekahi. ʻAʻole hiki ʻo Baikal i 2 kilokika. ʻO ka maʻa mau ke kaumaha o nā iʻa mai 200 gram a 1.5 kilo.
Ma waho, ʻike ʻia ka holoholona e nā maka nunui a me nā unahi liʻiliʻi, maikaʻi ʻole paʻa. Manaʻo ʻia he mamo ka Baikal omul o ka Arctic. Hele ʻo ia i loko o ke Kai Kānāwai e pili ana i nā kahawai mai ka Arctic Ocean ma kahi o 20 tausani mau makahiki i hala.
Ma Lake Baikal, ua loli a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka omul i nā ʻāpana: liʻiliʻi, waena a me nā ramified. Mālama ka hope i ke kahakai, aia ma kahi o 55 mau ulu ma ka ʻaoʻao i loko o nā gills. ʻO ka stamen omul awelika he 48 o lākou.
Pelagic ka iʻa, e mālama ana i kahi mamao mai ke kahakai, akā kokoke i ka papa. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea liʻiliʻi i 44 a ʻoi aku i ka 400 mau mika. Ma ke kiʻi o ka iʻa o Baikal ʻokoʻa nā ʻano ʻekolu i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino. ʻOi loa ia no ka omul hohonu. He poʻo hoʻolōʻihi ʻia kona a me kahi rake waena. Kahakai iʻa o Baikal omul poʻo pōkole.
3. Taimen. Kēia iʻa salemona o Baikal i hui pū ʻia me ka Buke Ulaʻula. Hāʻawi ʻia ke kūlana mua i ka holoholona. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē, ʻane hoʻoweliweli ka lāhui. Ua nalowale ka heluna kanaka mai ka ʻaoʻao Irkutsk o ka loko. Heʻuʻuku a heʻuʻuku hoʻi nā salmonid ma ka ipu Angara.
He kino elongated a haʻahaʻa hoʻi ko ka iʻa me kahi kua ākea. Hāʻule ka ʻelima o ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma luna o kahi poʻo nui. Toothy ia. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei ʻo Taimen. I ka makahiki 10, ʻo ke kaumaha o ka holoholona he 10 kilo, a ʻo ka lōʻihi he 100 kenimika. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o Baikal taimen he 1.4 mau mika. Hiki ke kaumaha o ka iʻa i 30 kilokilo.
4. Keʻokeʻo. Hoʻonui waiwai ʻano iʻa o Baikal ʻelua subtypes. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā ʻano lacustrine a me lacustrine-kahawai o ka iʻa keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka loko ma kahi o 30 gillers. ʻO ka iʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka muliwai keʻokeʻo he 24 a ʻike ʻia e kahi kino haʻahaʻa, nā unahi paʻa paʻa.
I nā lacustrine pākahi, hoʻopaʻa paʻa nā kino i ka nāwaliwali. ʻO ka iʻa keʻokeʻo o ka wai ma Baikal e hānai wale i ka momona, e hele ana i nā kahawai i ka hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole hoʻololi ʻo Lakefish i ko lākou wahi i loko o ka makahiki.
5. Sturgeon. Kēia iʻa ʻulaʻula a Baikal i loko o ia wale nō ka lunamaka'āinana o ka cartilaginous. ʻAʻohe iwi iwi o ka holoholona. Hoʻololi ʻia e nā papa cartilage. Kūlike kēia ʻano o nā iʻa kahiko, nona ka paʻa paʻa. Noho ʻo ia ma lalo i kahi hohonu o 40 mau mika.
Kākaʻikahi ka iʻa Baikal, i helu ʻia ma ka Buke Ulaula. No laila, ʻaʻohe lawaiʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia nei nā mahiʻai kahi e hānai nui ʻia ai ʻo Sturgeon no kaʻiʻo a me ka caviar. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻopakele ʻia nā laha. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia kekahi o nā iʻa i nā kahawai Baikal a me ke kai Hemolele ponoʻī.
6. Burbot. Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia ka iʻa, like me ka nahesa, me nā unahi liʻiliʻi a me ka sparse, uhi ʻia me ka mucus. Loaʻa iā ia kahi antibiotic kūlohelohe. No laila, ʻānai pinepine nā iʻa maʻi i nā ʻaoʻao o nā burbots, e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻōla. I kekahi manawa pono ʻoe e ʻau i ka hohonu o 180 mau mika no ka "kauka".
Eia nō naʻe, ola ka hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka i 60 mau mika. ʻO ka palena ʻāina nui o burbot ka mahana o ka wai. Hōʻoluʻolu ka iʻa i ka hoʻomehana ʻana a 10-12 kekelē.
7. ʻO Davatchan. He subspecies ia o ka arctic char, no salona ia. Iʻa Buke ʻulaʻula. Hoʻomaka ke kino banded me kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi a hoʻopau me kahi fin caudal groove. Ma nā ʻaoʻao davatchan ʻalani-ʻulaʻula. ʻEleʻele ke kua o ka iʻa.
ʻOkoʻa ka iʻa i nā charrs ʻē aʻe e kāna mau gills barbed multi-barbed. Aia ma kahi o 27 mau ulu ma waho o lākou. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa he 44 kenimika. Kaupaona ʻo Davatchan ma kahi o ke kilo.
Noho pū ka carp Amur ma Lake Baikal. He mānoanoa, ākea, uhi ʻia me nā unahi kālā he nui. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka iʻa i loko o ka loko. Ua hana mākou i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā ʻano laha o nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa o ke Kai Hemolele. Ua neʻe ka poʻe 22 mua o ka carp Amur ma 1934.
ʻO nā iʻa kūʻai ʻole o Lake Baikal
ʻOi aku ka hoihoi o nā iʻa he nui mai ka waihona wai Siberian no nā ʻepekema ma mua o nā mea kūʻai aku e moeʻuhane nei i nā mea ʻono. Aia kekahi mau ʻano i loko o ka loko me kekahi mau gram o kaʻiʻo, a he lehulehu ka hoihoi no ka ʻepekema. Aia i ka papa inoa:
1. Golomyanka. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he meaʻai wale nō i ke kaua. Mai lawe i kaʻiʻo mai golomyanka. Akā, ʻaneʻane hapalua o ke kaupaona o nā iʻa ka momona. Ua ʻai lākou ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana. ʻO ka momona kahi hoʻololi hoʻololi o ka golomyanka no ke ola i ka kolamu wai.
He porous hoʻi ko ka holoholona, māmā nā iwi, ʻaʻohe ona lau o lalo. Uku kēia mau mea āpau no ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi wai ʻauʻau. ʻOkoʻa i ka golomyanka a me ka transparency, e hoʻomālamalama maoli ʻia i loko. ʻIke ʻia ka palai i kekahi manawa.
Golomyanka - iʻa viviparous o Baikal... Kū hoʻokahi kēia. Noho maʻamau ka iʻa Viviparous i ke kai. I ka manawa a pehea e hoʻoulu ai i ka golomyanka, ʻaʻole i ʻike nā ʻepekema. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ke aʻo ʻana i nā laha e kona ʻano nohona hohonu. Iʻa Transparent o Baikal hana ʻole ma luna aʻe o ka mika 135 mika.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā ʻāpana 2: golomyanka liʻiliʻi a nui. Hiki i ka hope ka lōʻihi o 30 kenimika. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka golomyanka ma 13.
2. Ka lōʻihi lōʻihi. E pili ana i nā broadheads, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 kenimika i ka lōʻihi, ke kaumaha ma kahi o 100 gram. Hoʻohanohano ʻia ka holoholona e nā lōʻihi o nā hoe hoe pectoral lōʻihi. Hoʻopili lākou i kahi kino wīwī, ʻo ka poni o luna i kala i ka poni hohonu.
Loaʻa ka hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka ma ke kahawai Baikal ʻākau. Me ka golomyanka, ʻo ka ʻēheu lōʻihi kahi hopena o ka loko.
3. Yellowfly. Me he ʻēheu lōʻihi ke nānā aku, akā nā kala nā kala me nā gula. Ma ka "hoe" o ka umauma ʻaʻole ʻauʻau wale ka iʻa, akā hele pū nō hoʻi ma lalo. Hoʻomaha ka luaʻi iā ia no ka hapa nui o ko lākou wahi, puna. Lele ʻo Yellowfly me he rana lā. I ka lōʻihi, piʻi ka iʻa i 17 kenimika, ʻo ke kaupaona ʻana ma kahi o 16 gram.
ʻO Golomyanka a me dlinnokrylki no ka ʻaoʻao scorpion-like. Suborder - maʻa. Ke aʻo nei i kona mau lunamakaʻāinana i ke kai kapu, pono e hoʻomanaʻo iā 32 poʻo inoa. Māhele ʻia nā iʻa o Lake Baikal i mau ʻohana.
- golomyankovoe
- carp hohonu
- lauoho melemele
Loaʻa iā Scorpionfish 80% o ka nui o nā ʻano iʻa ma Lake Baikal. Hoʻopilikia kēia mau mea āpau i ka waihona wai. ʻO ka nui o nā iʻa i loko ona i koho ʻia ma 230 tausani tona. Loaʻa iā 3-4 i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma muli o ka waiwai ʻole o nā moʻo huakaʻi, hāʻule ka "pā" holoʻokoʻa i ka hina hina, omul, burbot a me nā lāhui haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
