Ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka kukama kai
ʻO nā kukama kai, i kapa ʻia hoʻi nā holothurians, nā capsule o ke kai, he kamaʻāina lākou o ke kai hohonu, e like me nā ʻenuhe honua a i ʻole nā ʻenuhe. Hiki iā lākou ke kaomi ikaika a ʻoiai me ka hoʻopā iki ʻana, no laila pili lākou i nā capsule hua manu.
ʻO ka kukama kai - echinoderm kahi mollusc invertebrate e helu ana ma mua o hoʻokahi tausani mau ʻano. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻano o kēia nohona kai i ka nui, nā tentacles, a me ke ʻano o kekahi o nā meaola.
He kino wili, ʻili hoʻi ko lākou i like me ka kukama ma muli o kona ʻano oval. Ma ka ʻili mānoanoa, ʻike ʻia nā mea ulu e like me ke kākalaioa. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o kona kino he waha e hoʻopuni ʻia e nā tentacles, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao - anus. Hiki i nā kukama kai nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻeleʻele - ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hina, ʻulaʻula.
ʻOkoʻa nā kukama kai i ka nui - like kekahi mau ʻano i nā dwarf a hiki i nā nui mai kekahi mau milimita a i mau kenimika, hiki i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ke lōʻihi i ʻelua a i ʻole ʻelima mau mika. Alualu ka poʻe maina i ia mau pilikua me ka hoihoi nui. ʻO nā mea kokoke loa i nā kukama kai nā urchins kai a me nā starfish.
I ke kiʻi kūkoma kai
ʻO nā kukama kai kahiko loa ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka wā Silurian, ʻo ka inoa "kukama kai" na ka mea akeakamai Roma ʻo Pliny, a ua hana ʻo Aristotle i nā wehewehe mua o kekahi ʻano.
Ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli mau ʻano o kēia mau mollusks e noho nei ma Rūsia, ʻo ka mea i makemake nui ʻia ʻo ka ʻano Kepanī kukama kai - cucumaria... Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia ʻano kukama kai e kona ʻano olakino a me ka ʻono maikaʻi loa, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ke kuke ʻana. ʻO nā Trepangs kekahi ʻano o nā kukama kai hiki ke ʻai ʻia.
ʻO ka nohona a me kahi noho o ka kukama kai
Nā kukama kai aia ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka moana, a ma nā wai papau e kokoke ana i ke kahakai, a i nā kaumaha kai hohonu, a i nā ʻākoʻakoʻa, i nā latitude tropical. He maʻa mau lākou i ka hohonu o ke kai a puni ka honua.
Lohi a palaualelo nā Holothurians, kolo lākou i lalo, a maʻalahi kēia i nā mea ʻimi holoholona. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa e moe lākou i lalo, "ma ko lākou ʻaoʻao". Hiki i nā ʻano hohonu o ke kai ke loaʻa nā wāwae ambulacral elongated, kahi e lawelawe ai nā holoholona a kōkua i ka neʻe ʻana ma lalo a me nā pōhaku.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka musculature o echinod germ i mea e neʻe ai i ka lalo a ʻaelike me ka ikaika inā pilikia. Hiki i kekahi mau laha ke hoʻopaʻa i nā pōhaku a kanu paha iā lākou iho i ka silt. Hiki i nā Holothurians ke lilo i waiwai pio no nā hōkū kai, nā iʻa, nā crustacea a i ʻole nā gastropods.
E like me nā moʻo, i ka hanana o kahi hoʻouka a i ʻole nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe, "pahū" nā holothurians - hoʻopuehu i ko lākou kino i nā ʻāpana. ʻOiai koho ka ʻenemi i kahi ʻono ʻono, i kēia manawa e mālama ʻia ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka kukama.
I ka hihia o ka makaʻu, hiki i ka kukoma kai ke noho i kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū no kahi mea ʻulaʻula.
ʻO ke kino o nā echinod germ e hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia. Nā kukama kai - nā holoholonakahi e hiki ai ke ola hou inā mālama ʻia ka hapalua o ke kino, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻōla mai kahi hapaha o ko lākou kino. Hiki i ke kaʻina hana hou ke lawe mai hoʻokahi a me ka hapa a i ʻelima mau pule.
ʻAiʻai kukama kai
Pehea e ʻimi ai nā kukama kai? Loaʻa i nā ʻano kukama kai āpau i nā tentacles kūikawā a puni ko lākou waha. Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka helu o nā tentacles mai 8 a 30.
Pōkole ka mau tentacles, hoʻolālā ʻia e hōʻiliʻili i nā meaola mai ka papa lepo. Ua loaʻa i nā Holothurians kekahi mau tentacles lālā i hiki ke uhi i kahi kino nui o ka wai i mea e hopu ai i nā mea pio.
ʻO kā lākou papaʻai ka plankton, nā mea kanu, nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻōpala ʻokanika i hiki ke lawe ʻia mai ka one o lalo a silt paha. Kāhea ʻia lākou i kekahi manawa i nā papa kai no ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou i ka lalo o nā koena o nā holoholona make, e hoʻohana ana i kēia mau meaola i mea momona.
ʻO nā mea like ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana meaʻai o nā kukama kai i hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia e nā ʻepekema ʻAmelika. Ua ʻike lākou e hānai nui nā kukama kai ma o ka waha, akā ʻo ka anus, kahi i komo pū i ka ʻōnaehana hanu i kēia mau invertebrates maʻalahi, hiki ke hoʻokō pū i ka hana o ka hopu ʻana i ka meaʻai. Hana ʻia nā hana hanu i kēia mau invertebrates e nā akemā wai.
I Lūkia, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka cucumaria a me nā ʻano ʻoka o ke kai ma Sakhalin, ma Primorye, a ma nā kai hoʻi o Okhotsk, Kepanī a me Barents, ma ka hohonu o ka hapalua mika a hoʻokahi haneli mau mika.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana a me ke ola o ka kukama o ke kai
ʻO nā Holothurians he hermaphrodites, hana lākou i nā kāne a me nā hunaola wahine i nā kekona, i kekahi manawa i ka manawa like. Hana lākou i ka hānau keiki, he mau hua ko lākou i ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā larva i hiki ke ʻau mai nā hua hua.
Hana pinepine ʻia ka ʻōnohi ʻana i ke ahiahi a i ʻole i ka pō, malia he mea pōʻele ka. ʻElua manawa e hū ai ʻo Cucumaria, i Mei a me Iulai. ʻO ka poʻe Holothurians e noho ana ma ka Moana ʻAkelanika, kupu aʻe lākou ma kahakai o Kuekene i ke kau, mai ʻOkakopa a Kekemapa. Hiki i kekahi ʻano laha ke hānau i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. ʻAʻau ka larvae i ka plankton ma kahi o ʻelua pule, a laila hāʻule i lalo.
ʻOhi nā ʻāpana o ka kukama kai i nā meaʻai mai lalo
Ma kahi o 30 mau ʻano kukama kai e pili wahine a mahele ʻia i nā kāne a me nā wahine. Mālama lākou i nā ʻōpio a hāpai i nā ʻōpio ma ka ʻili o ke kino o ka makuahine.
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia a wehewehe ʻia e nā ʻepekema nā hihia kakaikahi o ka hana hou ʻana e ka mahele: hiki i ka hapalua o ke kino ke ola i ka nui piha. Lōʻihi ka noho ʻana o ka poʻe Holothurians, mai ka ʻelima a ka ʻumi mau makahiki.
Ma muli o ke kaulana nui o ka cucumaria a me kāna koi e like me kahi huahana culinary, a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hana ʻia ka mahiʻai ʻoka o nā kukama kai, e like me Lūkia, ma ka Hikina hikina.
E pili ana i ka pono nā waiwai o ka kukumba kai Ua ʻike ka lāʻau kahiko hikina iā ia, ua kapa ʻia ia he ginseng kai. ʻAno make ʻole kaʻiʻo Cucumaria, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopili ʻia e nā virus a me nā koʻohune; waiwai nui kēia mau mollusks i nā meaola, nā mea kikoʻī, ʻo ia hoʻi ka iodine, a me ka fluorine, calcium, amino acid a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Haʻahaʻa loa nā kukama kai i nā calories, no laila hiki i kā lākou huahana ke kumu o ka papaʻai no ka poʻe makemake e lilo i ka paona. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia huahana ma ke ʻano he mea hōʻola e hoʻonāukiuki i nā pale o ke kino, no ka poʻe e ʻeha nei i ka luhi nui, ka nalowale o ka ikaika. Kōkua nā kukama kai i ke kanaka e hoʻihoʻi koke ma hope o ke kaha ʻana a i ʻole ka maʻi lōʻihi.
Nā pōmaikaʻi kaʻiʻo o ka kukumba kai no ke olakino, normalize ia i ka metabolism, stimulate ka puʻuwai, hiki ke kōkua i ke kahe o ke koko, paipai i ka wikiwiki o kaʻiʻo hou, no laila hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā hana.
He hopena hoʻōla ko nā kukama kai ma nā hono a kōkua me ka maʻi kō. Hana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai nā kukama kai.
Hiki ke kūʻai mai i ka kukama kai ʻaʻole wale no ka pono o nā pono a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau - hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā ipu ʻono mai iā lākou. Hana nā kukama kai i nā salakeke maikaʻi loa, nā mollusc invertebrate, ma hope o ka ʻili ʻana, palai ʻia a me ka palaoa, a me nā kēpau. ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka kukama kai i manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻono a ʻumeʻume i ka nui o ka nānā gourmet.
