ʻO ka mea e noʻonoʻo mau nei ʻo ka iʻa nui loa ma ka honua ka kohola polū ke kuhi hewa loa. Ua koho ʻia nā koholā ma waena o ka papa o nā mea mammal, a ma waena o lākou ʻo ia ka mea nui loa. A ma aneʻi ʻo ka manō kohola ka mea nui ʻo ka iʻa ola nui loa.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka manō kohola
Ua hūnā kēia iʻa nunui mai nā maka o nā ichthyologists no kekahi manawa lōʻihi a ua ʻike ʻia a wehewehe ʻia i kēia mau lā - i ka makahiki 1928. ʻOiai, i ka wā kahiko he mau lono no ka nui o ka nui o kahi monster i noho i ka hohonu o ke kai, ua ʻike nā lawaiʻa he nui i kāna mau kikoʻī ma o ka kolamu wai.
Akā no ka manawa mua, ua laki ka ʻepekema mai ʻEnelani Andrew Smith e ʻike me kona mau maka ponoʻī, ʻo ia ka mea nāna i wehewehe kikoʻī i nā zoologists e pili ana i kona helehelena a me kona ʻano. Ua hopu ʻia ka iʻa ma kahakai o Cape Town, 4.5 mau mika ka lōʻihi, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo Rhincodon typus (mano kohola).
ʻO ka mea paha, ua hopu ka mea kūlohelohe i kahi ʻōpio, ʻoiai ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o kēia mea noho ma lalo o ka wai mai 10-12 mau mika, kaumaha manō koholā - 12-14 mau tona. ʻO ka mea nui loa manō koholā nui, i loaʻa ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia i hala, he 34 tona kaupaona a hiki i kahi lōʻihi o 20 mika.
ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka inoa o ka manō no kona nui kupaianaha, akā no ke ʻano o ka iwi ā: aia kona waha ma waena pono o ke poʻo, e like me nā koholā maoli, ʻaʻole loa ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa, e like me ka hapa nui o kona mau hoahānau manō.
ʻOkoʻa loa ka manō koholā mai kona mau hoa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o kahi ʻohana kaʻawale, kahi o nā genus a me hoʻokahi ʻano - Rhincodon typus. Uhi ʻia ke kino nui o ka manō kohola me nā unahi pale kūikawā, hūnā ʻia kēlā me kēia pā ma lalo o ka ʻili, a ma ka ʻili hiki ke ʻike wale ʻoe i nā ʻōlelo ʻoi loa e like me nā niho i ke ʻano.
Uhi ʻia nā unahi me ka vitrodentin like me ka enamel a ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa i ka ikaika i ka manō niho. Kapa ʻia kēia kapa kila placoid a loaʻa i nā ʻano manō āpau. Hiki i ka ʻili o kahi mano kohola a 14 cm ka mānoanoa. Pākuʻi momona momona - 20 cm āpau.
ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o kahi manō koholā ma mua o 10 mau mika
Mai ka hope, pena ʻia ka manō kohola hina hina hina me nā kaha polū a me nā ʻalani. ʻO nā kiko keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo o kahi ʻano poepoe e hoʻopuehu ʻia ma luna o ka ʻaoʻao pouli. Ma ke poʻo, nā peʻa a me ka huelo, liʻiliʻi lākou a chaotic, ʻoiai ma ke kua e hana lākou i kahi hanana geometric nani o nā kaha transverse mau. He kumu hoʻohālike ko kēlā me kēia manō, e like me ka manamana lima o ke kanaka. He keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo o ka ʻōpū o ka manō nunui a melemele iki paha i ke kala.
He ʻano pālahalaha ko ke poʻo, keu hoʻi i ka hopena o ka ihu. Ma ka hānai ʻana, hāmama ka waha o ka manō, e hana ana i kekahi ʻano oval. Nā niho manō koholā e hoʻohoka ʻia ka hapa nui: hoʻolako ʻia nā iwi ā me nā niho liʻiliʻi (a i 6 mm), akā e kahaha ka helu iā ʻoe - aia ma kahi o 15 tausani o lākou!
Aia nā maka liʻiliʻi hohonu ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka waha; i ka nui o nā kānaka, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā maka maka i ka nui o ka pōpō kolepa. ʻAʻole ʻike ka manō pehea e blink ai, eia naʻe, inā hoʻokokoke kekahi mea nui i ka maka, huki ka iʻa i ka maka i loko a uhi iā ia me ka ʻili kūikawā.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻa: manō koholāE like me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka lāhui manō, me ka nele o ka oxygen i loko o ka wai, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i kahi ʻāpana o kona lolo a hele i ka hibernation e mālama i ka ikehu a me ka ikaika. He pīhoihoi nō hoʻi ʻaʻole i ʻike ka manō i ka ʻeha: hoʻopuka ko lākou kino i kahi mea kūikawā i ālai i nā ʻano ʻoluʻolu ʻole.
ʻO ka nohona manō koholā a me kahi nohona
Mano kohola, nā ana i kumu ʻia e ka loaʻa ʻole o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, e ʻohi mālie i ka nui o nā moana i ka wikiwiki o 5 km / h ka wikiwiki. ʻO kēia mea hanohano, e like me ka submarine, e lele mālie i loko o ka wai, e hāmama mau ana i kona waha e ale i ka meaʻai.
ʻO kahi o nā kiko ma ka manō kohola he mea kū hoʻokahi ia e like me nā manamana lima o kānaka
Lohi nā manō koholā a lohi ʻole i hōʻike i ka huhū a me ka hoihoi ʻole. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa pinepine kiʻi o ka manō koholā ʻaneʻane i loko o ka pūliki ʻana me ka mea luʻu: ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pilikia kēia kanaka i nā kānaka a ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻau kokoke iā ia iho, e hoʻopā i ke kino a i ʻole e holo, e paʻa ana i ka fin dorsal.
ʻO ka mea wale nō i hiki ke hana ʻia he hū me ka huelo manō mana, hiki iā ia, inā ʻaʻole make, a laila maikaʻi loa ia i ka ʻoʻopa. Wahi a nā noiʻi ʻepekema, mālama nā manō koholā i nā hui liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēlā me kēia, akā i kekahi manawa, i nā wahi o ka hōʻuluʻulu kau o nā iʻa kula, hiki i kā lākou helu ke piʻi i nā haneli.
No laila, ma kahakai o Yucatan i ka makahiki 2009, ua helu ʻia nā ichthyologists ma mua o 400 mau kānaka, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ia ʻano hōʻuluʻulu e ka nui o nā hua manuʻai huaʻai huaʻai huaʻai hou, i hoʻolauleʻa ʻia e nā manō.
E neʻe mau ka manō, me nā koholā, no ka mea ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻau ʻauʻau. Kōkua ka musculature fin i ka puʻuwai o ka iʻa e pauma i ke koko a mālama i ke kahe o ke koko no ke ola. ʻAʻole lākou e hiamoe a hiki wale ke poho i ka lalo a hūnā paha i nā ana o lalo o ka wai e hoʻomaha.
Kōkua ʻia nā manō e lana lana ʻia e ko lākou ake nui, ʻo ia hoʻi he 60% kaola adipose. Akā no ka manō kohola, ʻaʻole lawa kēia, pono e lana i ka ʻili a ale i ka ea i ʻole e hele i lalo. No ka manō pelagic ka manō kohola, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke noho nei i nā papa o luna o ka moana o ka honua. ʻAʻole ia e poho ma lalo o 70 m, ʻoiai hiki ke luʻu a 700 m.
Ma muli o kēia hiʻohiʻona, kuʻi pinepine nā manō koholā me nā moku kai nui, ʻoʻopa a make paha. ʻAʻole ʻike ka manō pehea e kū a lohi loa ai paha, no ka mea ma kēia mea he liʻiliʻi ke kahe o ka oxygen ma o nā gills a hiki i ka iʻa ke ʻū.
Thermophilic nā manō koholā. Hoʻomehana ʻia nā wai o luna i nā wahi a lākou e noho ai a 21-25 ° °. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau titans ʻākau a hema paha o ka 40th parallel. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano i nā wai o ka Pākīpika, ʻĀnia a me nā moana ʻAkelanika.
ʻO nā manō koholā kā lākou mau wahi punahele: ʻo ka hikina a me ka hikina hikina o ʻApelika, ka pae moku ʻo Seychelles, ka mokupuni ʻo Taiwan, ke Kai Kūʻono ʻo Mekiko, ʻo ʻAilipina Pilipino, a me ke kapakai ʻo Australia. Kuhi nā ʻepekema ʻo 20% o ko ka honua heluna kanaka e noho ana ma kahakai o Mozambique.
E ʻai ana ka manō kohola
Paradoxically, akā mano kohola ʻaʻole manaʻo ʻia he predator i ke ʻano maʻamau. Me nā ana nui, ʻaʻole kū mai ka manō koholā i nā holoholona nui a iʻa ʻē aʻe paha, akā hānai ʻia i nā zooplankton, nā crustacea a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi i hāʻule i loko o kona waha nui. ʻO Sardines, anchovies, mackerel, krill, kekahi ʻano mackerel, tuna liʻiliʻi, jellyfish, squid a me ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "dust live" - ʻo ia ka papaʻai holoʻokoʻa o kēia whopper.
Kupanaha ka nānā ʻana i kēia hānai pilikua. Wehe ākea ka manō i kona waha nui, hiki ke anawaena i 1.5 mika, a hopu i ka wai kai me nā mea ola liʻiliʻi. A laila pani ka waha, kānana ʻia ka wai a puka ma waena o nā kīwaha, a hoʻouna pololei ʻia ka meaʻai i ka ʻōpū.
Loaʻa i ka manō kahi hāmeʻa holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa, i loko o 20 mau papa cartilaginous, kahi e hoʻopili ai i nā aʻa oha, e hana ana i kahi ʻano lattice. Kōkua nā niho liʻiliʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai i kou waha. ʻAno ʻole kēia ʻano o ka ʻai ʻana manō koholā: pilikua a ʻai ʻia ka bigmouth i ke ala like.
He esophagus liʻiliʻi loa kā ka manō kohola (ma kahi o 10 cm ke anawaena). I mea e pahu ai i ka meaʻai ma loko o kahi lua liʻiliʻi, pono e hoʻohana kēia iʻa nui ma kahi o 7-8 mau hola i ka lā e kiʻi ana i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka paila shark shills ma kahi o 6000 m³ o ka wai i kēlā me kēia hola. ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ka manō koholā he glutton: ʻai wale ʻo ia i 100-200 kg i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻo 0.6-1.3% wale nō o kona kaumaha ponoʻī.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o kahi manō kohola
No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, ʻaʻohe mea pili pono i ka ʻike ʻana o ka manō koholā. Ua hoʻomaka wale ia e mālama kūleʻa ʻia i ka pio, i nā aquarium nui, kahi e noa ai kēlā mau pilikua.
I kēia lā, aia wale nō he 140 o lākou i ka honua. Mahalo i nā ʻenehana hou i hiki ai ke hana i nā ʻano ʻano nunui, ua hiki ke nānā i ke ola o kēia mau mea ola a hoʻopaʻa i kā lākou ʻano.
ʻO nā manō koholā he iʻa cartilaginous ovoviviparous. I kou ʻōpū manō koholā lōʻihi 10-12 mau mika i ka manawa like e lawe i nā embryo 300, i hoʻopili ʻia i nā capsule kūikawā e like me nā hua manu. Hānau nā manō i loko o ka wahine a hānau ʻia me ke kūʻokoʻa a me ke ola. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kahi manō koholā hānau hou he 40-60 cm.
I ka hānau ʻana, lawa ka lawa pono o nā pēpē i nā meaola, i hiki ai iā lākou ke hānai ʻole no ka manawa lōʻihi. Aia kekahi hihia i ʻike ʻia i ka huki ʻia ʻana o kahi manō ola mai kahi manō harpoon a hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o kahi aquarium nui: ua ola ke keiki, a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ʻai i 17 mau lā wale nō ma hope. Wahi a nā ʻepekema, ʻo ka manawa hānau o kahi manō kohola ma kahi o 2 mau makahiki. I kēia wā, haʻalele ka wahine i ka hui a ʻauana wale.
Manaʻo nā Ichthyologists hiki i ka manō koholā ke oʻo i ka moekolohe me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 4.5 m (e like me kahi mana ʻē aʻe, mai 8). ʻO ka makahiki o ka manō i kēia manawa he 30-50 mau makahiki paha.
ʻO ke ola o kēia ola kai nunui ma kahi o 70 mau makahiki, ola kekahi a hiki i ka 100. Akā ʻo nā kānaka i ola i 150 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku ka mea hoʻonui. I kēia lā, kiaʻi ʻia nā manō koholā, pākuʻi ʻia me nā kukui uila, a nānā ʻia ko lākou ala neʻe. Aia ma kahi o hoʻokahi kaukani mau kānaka "māka" ʻia, ehia mau mea e ʻauana ana i ka hohonu i ʻike ʻole ʻia.
No ka manō koholā, keʻokeʻo aiʻole i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke kamaʻilio no nā hola: ʻo kēlā me kēia o lākou he honua holoʻokoʻa, kahi ākea liʻiliʻi a me kahi ākea nui loa. He naʻaupō ka noʻonoʻo ʻana ua ʻike mākou i nā mea āpau e pili ana iā lākou - ʻike ʻia ko lākou maʻalahi, a he kuhihewa ka loaʻa ʻana o ka noi. Noho ma ka Honua no mau miliona mau makahiki, piha mau lākou i nā mea huna a pau ʻole e kāhāhā i ka poʻe noiʻi.
