Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho
Hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia holoholona he newt hou he ʻehā, akā he inoa i kamaʻāina loa ʻia - Siberian salamander... He kala ʻeleʻele kā ka newt ma ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino, akā ʻaʻohe kūlike ke kala, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i nā kiko kikoʻi, nā kaha, nā kaha, akā ʻaʻole aniani ke kala.
Loaʻa i ka newt kekahi mau aka o ke kala nui (brown). Manaʻo ʻia kiʻi o Siberian salamander, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi malu uahi, a ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a ʻeleʻele loa, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele, a me ke gula hoʻi.
ʻO ke kinona o ke kino, e like me nā newt ʻē aʻe, he elongated, iki oval, poʻo pālahalaha, ma nā ʻaoʻao he 4 mau lālā a he mau manamana. ʻOiai kapa ʻia kēia newt he ʻehā manamana, ʻaʻole nā kānaka āpau i 4 mau manamana. Hiki ke loaʻa ka salamander me nā manamana ʻekolu a ʻelima hoʻi.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ka huelo mai nā ʻaoʻao a lōʻihi, akā ʻokoʻa kona lōʻihi no kēlā me kēia. Aia kekahi mau mea ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ko lākou kino ma mua o ka huelo, akā ʻo ka maʻamau he pōkole ka huelo ma mua o ke kino. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka holoholona holoʻokoʻa i 12-13 cm, ʻo kēia pū kekahi me ka nui o ka huelo. Maʻemaʻe ka ʻili, eia nō naʻe, aia he 12 a 15 mau auwai ma nā ʻaoʻao.
ʻOluʻolu kēia amphibian ma Rūsia a hāʻawi ʻia i kahi kokoke i ka ʻāina. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole nui loa kā lākou helu ma ka Middle Urals a ma ka Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. No laila ma laila Ua helu ʻia ʻo Siberian salamander i ka puke ʻula.
Noho maʻalahi ʻo Salamanders ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa, kahi e loaʻa ai nā waihona wai - nā kahawai, nā kahawai a i ʻole nā loko. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike ʻia i nā ululāʻau huikau, coniferous a deciduous paha. ʻAʻole lākou makaʻu i ka poʻe, hui pinepine lākou i nā pāka, kokoke i nā alahao, a ʻike pinepine ka poʻe kamaʻāina iā lākou.
ʻAʻole makaʻu ka salamander i ka paʻahau, no ka mea ʻo ia kekahi o nā holoholona i hoʻololi ʻia e ola i ka permafrost. Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka lilo ʻana o kēia mau mea hou i 100 mau makahiki i loko o ka makaʻu, a laila hoʻi hou ʻia i kahi ola.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO ka hana nui o kēia amphibian makua e hāʻule ma ke ahiahi o ke ao a i ʻole i ka pō. Ma ka lā e peʻe ai lākou i nā ʻano wahi hūnā āpau a kali i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pouli. I kekahi manawa hiki i kahi newt ke kī mai i kona mau puka ihu, akā ʻaʻole ia e puka ma ona iho.
E hoʻomaloʻo koke kona ʻili i ka lā hāmama a ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele. Lethargic loa ka holoholona a make koke. Inā ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka lewa ma luna o 27 kekelē, ʻo ka malu ʻaʻole e mālama i ka salamander; inā he wela e make ʻo ia ma ka malu.
Akā ʻaʻole e kū nā larvae salamander i kā lākou hana i ka lā. ʻAʻole lākou makaʻu i ka make ʻana o ka ʻili. ʻOiai ua hoʻololi ʻia ka holoholona e ola i ka hau, akā, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomanawanui i ke anuanu i kahi ala ala.
Mai ʻAukake a Nowemapa (kaukaʻi ʻia i kahi e ola ai kēlā me kēia kanaka), nānā ka holoholona i kahi wahi mehameha, ʻaʻole e lako pono iā ia no ka maʻalahi, ʻimi koke i kahi wahi mākaukau no ka hoʻoilo, a me nā hibernates. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā mea hou hoʻoilo ma lalo o kahi mānoanoa o nā lau i hina, i ka lepo o nā ʻōpala kahiko, i ka lāʻau make, a i kanu maʻalahi ʻia paha i ka lepo.
Ma laila salamander ma kahi mokuʻāina moe e hoʻolilo ai mai 5 a 8 mau mahina. Akā e hoʻomaka ana ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau, ʻoiai hiki mai nā mea hou i ka honua (Malaki - Iune). ʻAʻole hopohopo lākou i nā hau kūmau, hiki iā lākou ke hauʻoli leʻaleʻa a hiki i nā kekelē 0.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka adaptability kupaianaha i ka hau ke hōʻoliʻoli i ka ʻepekema hoihoi. Ua lawe ʻia nā hoʻokolohua kūikawā me kēia mau holoholona, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā hanana hana me ka mahana o 35-40 kekelē ma lalo o ka ʻole. A ʻaʻole i make nā newts. Hiki i ke kino ke hana a hiki i ka manawa o ka hiamoe lōʻihi (hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka hoʻonaninani). Loaʻa nā Salamanders, hoʻokahi a ma nā hui liʻiliʻi.
E hānai ana ʻo Siberian salamander
Papaʻai kumu nā salamanders me nā ilo, nā larvae, molluscs a me nā ʻano kolo āpau i hiki ke hopu ʻia. I nā wahi pulu kahi e noho pinepine ai ka mea hou, lawa ka meaʻai, no laila ʻaʻohe ona wahi e wikiwiki ai a neʻe wikiwiki ʻo ia. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mollusks a i ʻole nā ilo ke kaena i ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe, a no kēia mea, ʻaʻole i loli ka salamander i kāna "hele" i nā kenekulia he nui.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Ke puka mai nā salamanders mai ka hibernation, hoʻomaka koke lākou i ke kaʻina hana hou. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻomaka nā pāʻani moena, a i ʻole, "nā hōʻike hōʻikeʻike". Pono ke kāne e huki i ka maka o ka wahine i kāna kanaka, no laila ʻike ʻo ia i kahi lālā, a puni ka makani a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e wili i kāna huelo, e hōʻike ana i kona mākaukau, mākaukau a me kona mākaukau e hoʻomau i ka genus.
Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻopili ka wahine i kekahi ʻano ʻeke me nā hua manu i ka lālā, a hoʻopili ke kāne i kahi capsule me spermatozoa ma luna o kēia ʻeke ʻeke. Ma waho, ʻo ia mau ʻeke ke nānā aku me he kaula wili wili lā. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, akā pinepine pinepine ia e hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻeke me nā hua manu e kekahi mau wahine i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia kahi hui hānau.
Hala ka manawa, pehu nā ʻeke a nui aʻe. I loko o kahi ʻeke he 14 mau huaʻeleʻele, a 170 - he momona kēlā me kēia wahine. Pili ka ulu ʻana o nā keiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka mahana o ka wai.
ʻO ka mehana o ka wai, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka larva e hana. Me nā kūlana wai kūpono, hiki i ka larva mua ke hatch ma hope o 2 mau pule. Eia nō naʻe, kākaʻikahi kēia e hana. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, ʻo ke kahua holoʻokoʻa mai ke kumu o ke ola a hiki i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka larva ma waena o 2-3 mau mahina.
Hoʻololi maikaʻi ka larva i ke ola wai. Ua hoʻomohala pono ʻia lākou i nā kāhili hulu, no ka ʻauʻau ʻana kahi pelupelu a ʻoiai aia kahi fin ma waena o nā manamana wāwae, e like me ke hoe liʻiliʻi Akā me ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana o ka larva, nalowale kēia mau adaptation.
I ka mea nānā ʻike ʻole, ka larva nā salamanders Me he mea lā ʻano like ia me kahi tadpole, akā, ʻoi aku ke poʻo o ka mea hou e pili ana, ʻaʻole pōʻai, e like me ke kōpe, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino a ʻaʻohe hoʻololi iki mai ke poʻo a ke kino e like me ka rana e hiki mai ana.
A ʻokoʻa ke ʻano pono o ka larva newt - i ka makaʻu iki, hūnā ia, holo i lalo. Mālama nui ka larva. ʻOiai hiki i nā ʻōpelu ke ʻauʻau wale aku no kahi mamao iki i ka ʻaoʻao.
Aia mau nā ʻūlū i loko o ka wai, no laila ʻaʻole lākou i makaʻu i ka wela; i ka wela o ka wela, hiki iā lākou ke poho ma lalo iki. Pili pū kā lākou hana me kēia - ʻaʻole hūnā nā larvae i ke ao a ʻoluʻolu lākou i kēlā me kēia manawa o ke ao, akā naʻe, makemake lākou e hoʻomaha i ka pō. E hana ai i kēia, poho lākou i lalo a paʻa i ka hau.
Kū ka hoʻomohala o nā mea hou e hiki mai ana ma loko o ka mahina. Ma hope o kēlā, hele i ka ʻāina nā newts ʻōpio. Hana pinepine kēia i ka mahina o ʻAukake. ʻŌpio salamander Hoʻomaka e ʻimi kū kaʻawale i ka ʻāina, a alakaʻi i ke ola maʻamau o kahi newt makua, me ke koe o hoʻokahi oʻo, ua hōʻea kēia mau mea kolo i ʻekolu mau makahiki wale nō. Wahi a nā ʻepekema, ola nā mea hou ma ka awelika ma kahi o 13 mau makahiki.
