He aha ke ʻano o nā manu ʻaʻole mākou e ʻike i nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki. Aia kekahi e noho kokoke iā mākou, i nā kūlanakauhale, i nā manawa mau - i ka hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela. Aia kekahi mau manu neʻe i ko mākou wahi wale nō i ka wā mahana. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea ʻōlapa kuleana kahua kahua.
Ka wehewehe a me ka helehelena o ka manu
ʻO Ryabinnik manaʻo ʻia he manu ʻino - e maopopo ka poʻe māla i ke kumu. ʻO kēia manu mai ke kaʻina o passerines no ka ʻohana thrushes a kapa ʻia ma hope o ka ulu lāʻau o ka inoa like - lehu kuahiwi, ʻo ia kā lākou meaʻai punahele. ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine o kēia manu e like ke nānā aku, kaupaona ma kahi o 100-120 gram, ko lākou nui ma kahi o 26-28 cm, ʻo ka ʻūheu ma kahi o 40 cm.
ʻO ka plumage ma ka pāpale aliʻi a ma waho o ka ʻāʻī he hinahina hina, ʻo ka hope he chestnut, ʻeleʻele nā ʻeheu a me ka huelo, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele. Mālamalama ka umauma, me ke aka o ke kala one a me nā hulu ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi. Ma kiʻi o ke kahua kahua hiki ke ʻike ʻia me he mea lā ʻaʻole hauʻoli iki kona mau maka a huhū ka manu, no ka mea ʻo ka "eyeliner" ʻeleʻele e hoʻopuni ana i nā maka. ʻO ka lalo o nā ʻeheu a me ka huelo keʻokeʻo.
Kahi noho
ʻO nā pūnana kahua ma aneane ma waena o Eurasia a me Siberia. ʻAʻohe pūnana i ka hema o ʻEulopa, Sepania, ʻaneʻane ʻo Palani, ʻEnelani. Ma nā panalāʻau o ko mākou ʻāina, hiki i ka mahi māla ke pūnana i nā wahi āpau i ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa, ʻoiai i ka tundra. Ke hāʻule kahi makahiki hua i nā hua ulu ulu ma Central Europe, noho ka thrush no ka hoʻoilo ma laila.
I nā makahiki momona, aia ia i nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Lūkia, akā i ka waena o ka hoʻoilo, ke lilo ka meaʻai, lele nō ia i ka hema. ʻO ka hoʻoilo ka hapanui ma ʻEulopa Hema a me Central Central, ʻAsia Minor.
Koho ʻo ia i nā lihi o nā ululāʻau coniferous a deciduous paha, hoʻonohonoho i ke kūlanakauhale - i nā square a me nā pāka, ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā māla māla. Ma mua, ʻaʻole loaʻa iki kēia thrush i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, akā i kēia manawa ke kipa nui nei ʻo ia i kāna nāhelehele rowan punahele, e ulu nui ana ma kahi o ke kanaka.
I ka hōʻea ʻana o ka hāʻule gula, hoʻomaka ka thrushes e lele i nā hipa nui, hoʻomaka lākou e noho kokoke a kokoke i nā kūlanakauhale. ʻO ka mea i ʻike mua ʻia ma nā wahi o waho, a i kēia manawa ua loaʻa kēia mau manu i nā wahi noho. ʻO ka nui o nā hua e kōkua iā lākou e ola i ke anuanu hoʻoilo.
I ka nahele nahelehele, noho ia i nā wahi like ʻole - kokoke i nā aniani, ma ka lihi o ka ululāʻau kokoke i ka mahi ʻana o ka ʻāina a me nā kahawai o nā kahawai, i nā ulu lāʻau ma waena o nā nāhelehele a me nā wahi hānai. Maikaʻi ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā pūnana ma kahi ululāʻau kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i nā kula a me nā ʻāina mahi no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lepo lepo ma nā mauʻu haʻahaʻa a i ʻole nā mauʻu mauʻu e kūkulu i kahi pūnana, a me nā meaʻai.
ʻO ka nohona a me ke ʻano o ka māla
Pāpaka ʻeleʻele alakaʻi i kahi noho a me kahi nohona nomadic. Aia ia i nā kūlana o ka nohona a me ka loaʻa o nā meaʻai i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka poʻe i haʻalele i ko lākou homeland a lele i ka hema e hoʻi i kakahiaka, i ka waena o ʻApelila.
Ma nā kahua hoʻoilo a hoʻi mai i ka home, he 80-100 mau manu ka nui o nā pā. I ka hōʻea ʻana, no kekahi manawa noho mau nā manu i nā kaona, ma nā kaʻe, i nā kahawai o nā kahawai, kahi i hehee ai ka hau, a ua hōʻike ʻia ka meaʻai. Ke hoʻoheheʻe loa ka hau, nānā ka ʻohana i kahi wahi pūnana. Lawe ke kolone i mau lā e hana ai.
ʻO kāna kumu i loko o nā manu kahiko - nā mea hoʻokumu, nā mea kūkulu hale ʻike. Lawe kēia "iwi kuamoo" i nā wahi maikaʻi loa no nā pūnana, a hoʻoholo maʻamau i ka pūnaewele pūnana o ke kolone holoʻokoʻa, e pili ana i kā lākou ʻike i kēlā me kēia lā, hoʻoholo nā manu makua i ka hiki i ka hānai ʻana o ka wahi, ka ʻoluʻolu inā pale.
Loaʻa i nā kolone he 12-25 mau manu. ʻOkoʻa ka thrush kahua mai nā manu he nui i kēlā, ʻoiai kona liʻiliʻi, nui ka wiwo ʻole, hilinaʻi iā ia iho a kū mau i ka ʻano hakakā e pili ana i kona mau ʻenemi.
ʻO nā manu nui - nā ʻalalā, nā mopies, ka mea e luku maʻalahi i nā pūnana o nā warblers, nā moʻo a me nā manu liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole e pili i ke kolone kahua. ʻOiai kahi kāne kāne hoʻokahi e pale pale aku i kona home. A i ka hui pū ʻana o nā manu, hoʻouka lākou i ka predator me kahi ala punahele a maikaʻi loa - kahe lākou i ka ʻenemi me ka lepo.
Eia kekahi, he mea weliweli loa ia no ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā manu, ʻoiai paʻa nā hulu i hiki ʻole ke lele. E hālāwai like me nā mea ʻaihue ʻāina, a me nā kānaka pū kekahi ma ke ala like. Akā, ʻoiai ia ʻano hakakā e pili ana i nā manu nui a me nā holoholona, ʻaʻole e huhū ka mahinaʻai i nā manu liʻiliʻi e noho ana i kaiāulu.
Noho nui nā birdies ma kahi kokoke, e ʻike nei i ke kolone manu pā kula ʻaʻole makaʻu lākou i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana mai nā ʻaka, nā ʻūlū a i ʻole nā pōpoki. Akā nō naʻe, ʻeha pū ka māla i nā mea hōkai. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou e nā lawaiʻa, nā jay, nā mea ʻalā, nā pueo e hoʻāʻo nei e luku i nā pūnana. Hoʻoweliweli pū ka ua lōʻihi a me ke anuanu no nā pūnana.
Akā ʻo kahi kolone kūʻokoʻa o ka māla i kēlā me kēia makahiki e nānā i nā wahi maikaʻi loa no kāna mau pūnana. ʻAʻohe o kēia manu i nā leo leo nani - ʻo ka mele o ka fieldbird kahi chak-chak maʻamau. Akā pū kekahi nā pū waikaua. ʻO ke ʻano o ka wīwī lahilahi a lōʻihi hoʻi "hawk".
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ke kahua
Mālaʻai kahua
E like me ka maopopo ʻana o ka inoa o ka manu, hānai nui kēia ʻano thrush i ka rowan. Akā he ʻāpana wale kēia kēia o ke kau, ʻo ke koena o ka manawa e ʻimi nei nā thrushes i nā ilo i ka ʻōpala a me ka honua palupalu. ʻAi ʻia nā chicks me nā ilo a me nā mollusks.
Huli huli nā manu i ka lau a me ka lepo i luna e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai. Minamina, hāʻule pinepine lākou i nā ʻenemi nematode parasite e noho ana i nā ʻeneworm maʻamau a i hoʻopilikia i nā manu makua a me kā lākou mau moa. Make nā manu maʻi i ka nui o nā ilo i loko o ke kino.
Inā ʻaʻohe lepo pulu me kahi nui o nā ilo ma kahi o nā wahi pūnana, a laila hōʻiliʻili ka mahiʻai i nā ʻenuhe, nā ʻelala, nā beetles, nā lio, nā slug. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, inā ʻaʻole i puka mai nā keiki moa, a laila hoʻomaka nā mākua e hānai iā lākou i nā hua - blueberry, cherry manu, strawberry, irga. ʻIke ʻia he niho momona nui ka māla.
Inā he ulu lāʻau me nā hua i mahi ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lehu mauna maʻamau, ʻai mua nā manu i nā hua momona. Eia hou, hoʻomanaʻo nā manu i nā kumulāʻau "delicacy", a i ka makahiki aʻe e lele hou lākou i laila, e lawe ana i ko lākou kolone. ʻO ia ke kumu i manaʻo ʻia ai ka lehu o ke kula he pest, ʻoiai inā i nānā ka manu i kāu kumulāʻau, ʻaʻole ʻoe e nanea hou i kāna mau hua. Ke kali nei ka hopena like i nā hua waina hua liʻiliʻi.
I ke kiʻi, kahi pūnana kahua me nā moa
ʻAi lākou i nā currants, nā cherry, nā gooseberry, nā cranberry, viburnum a me nā mea hua a me nā hua berry. I ke kauwela, ʻaʻole koho wale nā manu i nā hua mai nā lālā, akā iho pū i ka honua no nā hua i hāʻule. Kahua hoʻoilo ke nānā pono nei i nā hua rowan no ka meaʻai, hiki ke ʻike pinepine pehea lākou, me nā waxwings, e hāpai ai i kahi lāʻau.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hoʻokumu nā Fieldfarers i hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau paʻa paʻa. Ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana o nā manu, i ka hoʻomaka o ʻApelila, a laila i ka mahina ua mākaukau nā mea āpau e kiko i nā keiki. Hana ka makuahine o ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka hana kūkulu. ʻO kāna pūnana kahi pola o ka mauʻu maloʻo i hoʻopili ʻia me ka honua. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke ʻano he 10-15 cm, ke anawaena he 15-20 cm. Aia kahi pā liʻiliʻi i loko o ka suite.
Ma hope o ka male ʻana, kau ka wahine i 3-7 mau hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo i uhi ʻia me nā kikoʻula ʻulaʻula. I ka hapa mua o Mei, ʻike ʻia nā moa, i lilo i kūʻokoʻa a i ka hopena o ka mahina ua hoʻokuʻu lākou i ka "haukapau makuahine" no ka paʻa lua. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, ola kahi manu olakino no 11-15 mau makahiki.
