ʻO kekahi iʻa ʻano ʻē a kamahaʻo hoʻi, i hōʻike mua ʻia i nā puke ʻepekema wale nō i ka makahiki 1822, ke kū maoli nei i ka nui a me ka waiwai o ka iʻa iʻa, arapaimanoho i nā wai wai wai o kahi aniau tropical.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka arapaima a me kona wahi noho
Arapaima nunui, a i ʻole piraruku, ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka wai hou o Amazon. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano e nā Guiana a me nā Indians Brazil a loaʻa i kona inoa ma muli o ke kala ʻulaʻula-ʻalani o ka ʻiʻo a me nā kikoʻula ʻulaʻula ma nā unahi ("piraruku" - iʻa ʻulaʻula).
Pili ka nohona i ke aniau a me nā ʻano nohona e noho ai nā iʻa. I ke kau ua, noho lākou i ka hohonu o nā kahawai, i ka wā maloʻo e iho maʻalahi lākou i ke one anuanu a me ka silt, hiki iā lākou ke ola maʻalahi i nā wahi wai.
Iʻa Arapaima, ʻo ia kekahi o nā iʻa nui nui loa o ka honua. Wahi a kekahi o nā kumuwaiwai kūhelu, hiki i ke kaumaha o kekahi mau kānaka ke hōʻea manuahi i ʻelua keneta, a ʻoi aku kona lōʻihi i kekahi manawa i ʻelua mika.
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka specimen ka ikaika kupaianaha o nā unahi ribbed, ʻo 10 mau manawa ka ikaika ma mua o nā iwi a pilikia e haki iā ia, ua like ia me ka ikaika i kahi pūpū. ʻO kēia ka mea i ʻae i ka piranha e hoʻomaʻa kūleʻa i ka noho ʻana ma hope o piranhas.
ʻO ke kaulana o kēia ʻano iʻa i ko lākou wahi noho ʻaʻole ma muli wale nō o ka nui, akā no ka hiki ʻole ke hui me kahi mākua i ka nāhelehele.
No nā kenekulia, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia iʻa ka meaʻai nui o nā ʻohana Amazon. ʻO ka nui ka nui o ka iʻa a me kona hiki ke piʻi pinepine i ka ʻilikai o ka wai a lele pū i waho o ia e ʻimi ana i nā pio i lilo i mea luku - lawe maʻalahi ʻia ia mai ka wai me ke kōkua o nā ʻupena a me nā hāmona.
Mea maʻamau ʻole hale kino arapaima ʻae i kēia iʻa e alualu me ke kūleʻa: ʻo ke ʻano streamline o ke kino a me ka huelo, nā lūlū maʻalahi e ʻae iā ʻoe e pane i ke ʻano o ka mea pio a hopu iā ia me ka wikiwiki uila I kēia manawa, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka heluna kanaka o Piraruka gigantea, a pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka arapaima.
Ke ʻano a me ka nohona o arapaima
Iʻa Arapaima - ka mea ʻai wai nui e noho ana i loko o ka wai hou o Amazon, kahi i ʻike pinepine ʻole ʻia kahi kanaka kamaʻāina: ma nā ululāʻau o Brazil, Peru, Guyana. ʻAʻole ia e hānai wale i nā iʻa waena a liʻiliʻi, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokaʻulua i ka loaʻa kālā ʻana mai nā manu a me nā kino make i ke kau maloʻo. ʻO ke kino, piha i nā kīʻaha koko liʻiliʻi kokoke i nā unahi iʻa, ʻae i ka hopu holoholona ma luna pono o ka wai.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hanana o ka ʻau ʻauʻau (ovoid) a me kahi kino ololi e kōkua ai e ola maʻalahi i ka maloʻo, e hoʻopili i nā kūlana kūwaho a me ka nele i ka oxygen.
Ma muli o ka ʻilihune loa o ka oxygen ma loko o ka wai o Amazon, koi ʻia ʻo arapaima e lana i luna o kēlā me kēia 10-20 mau minuke i mea e ale ai i ka ea me ka walaʻau. ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia iʻa he iʻa iʻa, eia nō naʻe i kēia lā ua hānai ʻia i ka lawe pio. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole e hiki i nā nui a me ke kaumaha o ke kino, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka hapalua mika i hiki ke kiʻi ʻia me ka maʻalahi.
ʻO ka mahi iʻa lawaiʻa, ʻoiai he pilikia, ua pālahalaha ma nā wahi āpau: ma Latin America, ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i loko o nā loko wai nui, nā zoo, nā waihona hana ʻino i hoʻopili ʻia no ka mahi iʻa.
Noho ʻokoʻa ʻo Piraruku mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe (e hōʻalo i ka ʻai ʻana iā lākou), a i ʻole me nā iʻa predatory nui ʻē aʻe. I nā kūlana o nā kahu hānai, hiki i ke arapaima ke noho ma kahi o 10-12 mau makahiki, i ka noho pio ʻana.
Mea ʻai iʻa Arapaima
Iʻa arapaima nunui he laha holoholona a hānai wale i ka ʻiʻo. Koho ʻia kahi piraruka makua, ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, i ke koho ʻana o ka meaʻai, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻo kāna papaʻai me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā kaulike, i kekahi manawa nā manu a me nā holoholona waena e noho ana ma nā lālā a i ʻole e iho ana e inu wai.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā holoholona ʻōpio, i ka wā o ka ulu ikaika e ʻai lākou i nā mea āpau e hele mai: nā larvae, nā iʻa, nā ʻoki, nā mea kolo, nā invertebrates, nā moʻo liʻiliʻi, nā manu a me nā vertebrates.
Hoʻohua a me ke ola o ka arapaima
Ma waho, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ke kāne i ka wā ʻōpio mai ka wahine arapaima. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā o ka ʻōpio a me ka mākaukau no ka hānau ʻana, ʻo ke kino o ke kāne, ulu ʻia me nā gills a me nā lihilihi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa ʻoi aku ka pouli a me ka mālamalama ma mua o ka wahine.
Inā mākaukau kahi wahine e hānau hou i nā keiki hiki ke hoʻokolokolo ʻia e ka lōʻihi o kona kino a me kona mau makahiki: pono ʻo ia ma 5 mau makahiki a ʻaʻole pōkole ma mua o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. I ke anuanu a mehana o ke aniau o Amazon, hoʻomaka ka ʻōmau i ka hopena o Pepeluali - Ma ka mua o Malaki.
ʻO ka maʻamau i loko o kēia wā, hoʻomaka ka wahine e hoʻolako iā ia iho i kahi kahi e waiho ai i mau hua manu. Koho pinepine ka wahine piraruka no kēia mau kumu ma kahi one one, kahi ʻaʻohe o kēia au, a maikaʻi ʻole ka hohonu.
Me kona kino lōʻihi, ʻeleu, huki ka wahine i kahi lua hohonu (ma kahi o 50-80 cm ka hohonu), kahi e waiho ai i nā hua nui. Ke hoʻomaka ka wā ua, hoʻomaka nā hua i hoʻomoe ʻia ma mua o ka poha ʻana, a puka mai ka ʻai mai loko mai o lākou.
He mea nui nō ia arapaimae like me ka nui o nā iʻa iʻa hou, ʻaʻole ia e haʻalele i ka iʻa i pāpī ʻia, akā nānā iā lākou no ʻekolu mau mahina. Eia kekahi, noho mau ke kāne ponoʻī me ka wahine, a nāna nō e hōʻoia ʻaʻole ʻai ʻia nā hua manu e nā mea ʻino.
Hoʻoemi ʻia ka hana a ka wahine ma hope o ke kau ʻana i nā hua manu i ka pale ʻana i ka ʻāina a puni ka pūnana; hoʻomau ʻo ia e kiaʻi i ka wahi a puni ma kahi mamao o 15 mau mika mai ka pūnana. ʻO kahi mea keʻokeʻo kūikawā i loaʻa ma ke poʻo o ke kāne (ma luna pono o nā maka) lilo i meaʻai na ka ʻōpio.
ʻOi aku ka momona o kēia meaʻai, a i loko o hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka hua e hoʻomaka ai e ʻai i ka meaʻai "mākua" a hoʻopuehu, a i ʻole blur, i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao. ʻAʻole ulu wikiwiki ka ulu ʻōpio, ma ka awelika, ʻo ka nui o ka mahuahua ma ka ulu ʻana ma mua o 5 cm, a me ke kaupaona ʻaʻole ma mua o 100 gram.
No laila, me ke ʻano uʻi ʻole o ka helehelena, huki ka arapaima i ka manaʻo o nā poʻe aquarist a me nā poʻe lawaiʻa. Pili kēia mea me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka predator hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻāpana gigantic maoli, a ʻaʻole hāʻawi ʻia kēia i nā iʻa wai piha.
Ua lawa ka nānā ʻana i hoʻokahi wale nō manawa i ke ʻano o kahi piraruka e hoʻomanaʻo mau ai i ke ʻano o kēia ʻano iʻa. He mea loaʻa kēia iʻa, ʻo ia kēia ʻano i ʻae ʻia ia, i ʻike ʻia i nā lā o nā Brazilian a me Guiana Indians, e ola a hiki i kēia lā.
I nā kūlana aquarium e hānau arapaima pilikia nui ma muli o ka pono ʻoi aku ka nui o nā aquarium me ka nui o hoʻokahi tausani liters, ka kānana ʻana o ka wai mau a me kahi mahana mālama paʻa ʻia ma kahi o 23 mau kekelē me ka ʻoʻoleʻa o 10.
