Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho o nā nematodes
Nā helu helu, inoa ʻē aʻe - poepoe, pili i ke ʻano o nā wormona primordial. Nui loa ko lākou ʻano. I kēia manawa, ua ʻike ʻia ma kahi o kahi ʻano miliona o kēia ilo.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou āpau i ka noho manuahi a me nā parasites. Maʻamau no nā mea āpau nematode he an hanana... ʻO ke kino o nā nematodes pono ke nānā aku e like me ka manamana, hoʻopili i nā wēlau: mua a me hope.
Ua kapa ʻia lākou he poepoe no ka hopena o ka ʻāpana keʻa i kahi pōʻai. Hoʻopuni ʻia ko lākou kino i kahi cuticle paʻa, ma lalo kahi e loaʻa ai nā mākala lonikū. Hiki ke ʻike akāka ʻia kēia kiʻi o nematode.
ʻAʻohe puka a me nā ʻōnaehana hanu. Hana ʻia ka hanu me ka mokulele holoʻokoʻa o ke kino a i ʻole anaerobically. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka ʻōnaehana digestive a komo i loko o ka waha a me ka anal e wehe ai, ma waena o ia mea he pahu pololei
He "waha" ko ke poʻo e hoʻopuni ʻia e nā lehelehe. Ma o ia mea, hana ʻia ka meaʻai: hānai ʻia ka meaʻai. Ua hoʻomohala kekahi mau ʻano nematode ola manuahi i nā maka, a he ʻokoʻa nā kala waihoʻoluʻu. Loaʻa ka nui o nā kino o nā ilo ma ka awelika mai 1 mm a 37 cm.
I ke kiʻi, ke ʻano o ka nematode
Nā helu helu hōʻike i kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka holomua olaola. I kēia lā noho lākou i nā wahi āpau. Ke hoʻomaka nei mai ka papa paʻakai paʻakai, ma muli o ka evolution, ua lanakila lākou i nā kino wai, ka lepo, a i kēia manawa hiki iā lākou ke noho a hana hou i loko o nā meaola multicellular.
Ke ʻano a me ka nohona o nematodes
E like me nā parasite, ilo nemode, hiki ke hoʻololi maʻalahi, loaʻa kahi pōʻai ola maʻalahi a hoʻomohala wikiwiki loa. Hiki ke kapa ʻia he parasite "hemolele".
Noho i loko o ke kino o ka mea hoʻokipa, hiki iā ia ke kumu i nā maʻi like ʻole, akā ʻaʻole nā maʻi make. Nematode hoʻohana i kāna meaʻai a me kona kino no ke ola, a i ʻole e hana i nā mea ʻino hou, lawe ia i kāna mau hua mai meaola "Haku". No laila, ke loaʻa ʻana o waena, a noho ma luna o kahi ākea nui.
E ola, nā ilo āpau papa nematode, loaʻa nā hoʻololi hou i loaʻa iā ia ma muli o ka evolution. Pale aku kona iwi ʻeleʻele i ka hana o nā wai digestive, momona loa nā wahine, nā lālā kūikawā no ka hoʻopili ʻana. Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia kekahi o nā ʻano nematode e hoʻopau i nā ilo "pōʻino".
Nāʻano Nematode
Kūpono nā mea āpau nematodes māhele i ʻelua ʻoluʻolu: noho manuahi a me nā parasites. Noho ka mea ma mua i ka lepo a me ka wai, ʻoiai e ola ana ka mea hope i nā mea kanu a i nā meaola o nā holoholona, nā mea kolo a me nā kānaka.
Nā nematodes ola manuahi moʻohelu no ka hapanui o nā lāhui o ka roundworm. Liʻiliʻi lākou a pau i ka nui, hiki i nā nunui i 3 cm wale nō. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i kekahi wai, ʻoiai i ka vīnega.
Ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoiai ma ka Pole ʻĀkau. Hāʻawi nā nematodes lepo he nui i nā pono i hiki ʻole ke hōʻole ʻia a hana nui i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokumu lepo.
ʻO kā lākou noi nematodes loaʻa a i ka aquarium... He meaʻai maikaʻi loa lākou no ka ʻai. Ua ulu lākou ma ke kumu a kope paha iā lākou iho i ka wā e hānai nui a i ʻole i nā hōʻiliʻili o nā ʻōpala popopo.
Hoʻokumu nā Parasite i ka hōʻeha i ka mahiʻai, nā holoholona a me nā kānaka. Nā helu helu hana i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa nā maʻi... Hiki iā lākou ke parasitize i nā kino. ʻOkoʻa nā ʻenuhe i nā nui ʻē aʻe i mahalo ʻia. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i kahi nematode kohola sperm ke 8 mau mika ka lōʻihi.
Nā nematodes hānai
ʻAi nā nematodes ola manuahi i nā limu liʻiliʻi, bacteria, kanu ʻōpala. He kākaʻikahi nā mea hānai i waena o lākou. Me ko lākou waha, hānai wale lākou i ka meaʻai. ʻO nā parasites e noho ana ma nā mea kanu ponoʻī i kahi kaila kūikawā i ko lākou waha.
Hoʻopili ka Nematodes i kā lākou kiko a huki i kā lākou wai digestive, a laila hānai i ka meaʻai. Kapa ʻia kēia he digestion extraintestinal. Noho nā nematodes i ke kino o ka mea hoʻokipa ma nā meaola e hana ai. He aha nā nematodes hoʻohana wale ia no ko lākou ulu a ulu.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o nā nematodes
ʻO nā mea āpau ʻano o nā nematodes heterosexual. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine i ka nui, a ʻōwili iki ʻia ka hope hope i ka ʻaoʻao. Hana kope ʻia i ka moekolohe. ʻO kekahi ʻano o nā wahine, ke mākaukau e hoa, hāʻawi i kahi ʻala ikaika a ka kāne e hana ai.
A laila uhi ia i ka wahine me kahi ʻeke kope, a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o kahi spicule i loko o ka lua. Hoʻomoe nui lākou i nā hua manu e hānau hou, akā aia kekahi ʻano o nā roundworm i hūnā ʻia e ka hānau hānau. Noho nā nematodes ola manuahi mai 100 a i 2000 mau hua i ka wā e ola ana. ʻOi aku ka waiwai o nā parasite a hiki i kēia waiwai ke piʻi i 200,000 i hoʻokahi lā wale nō.
ʻO nematodes i kiʻi ʻia i ka iʻa
Komo nā hua i loko o ka nohona kūwaho, a laila hoʻomaka ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka larvae. I ka noho manuahi a me nā nematodes parasitizing mea kanu, ke holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa pōʻaiapuni i kahi i ka wahi like.
Loaʻa nematode parasites ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ongeny o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka. Hiki iā ia ke hana me ka ʻole a i ʻole "host" waena. I kekahi hihia, hoʻoheheʻe lākou i 3-4 mau manawa a hiki i ko lākou ulu ʻana i kahi specimen makua, mākaukau e hoʻohua. Akā no kahi pae hope i kūleʻa, pono ia i loko o ka meaola o ka mea hoʻokipa.
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka o ke ola o ka nematode i loko o ka ʻōpū, ma hope o ka momona o ka wahine. E iho i lalo i ka poli, kahi e waiho ai i nā hua i loko o ka anus. Ma hope o kēlā, ua make ʻo ia. Oʻo nā hua iā lākou iho ma kahi o 6 mau hola ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi.
Ma o nā lima haumia, komo hou lākou i loko o ka gastrointestinal tract, puka hou ka maʻi. Ke hoʻololi nei i loko o nā larvae, ma hope o 2 mau pule a lilo lākou i poʻe mākua moekolohe.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o nā nematodes, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā papa aʻe o kā lākou pōʻaiapuni.
- ʻO nā hua manu, ma hope koke o ke kau ʻia ʻana e ka wahine, hiki ke maʻi inā komo lākou i ke kino o ka holoholona.
- ʻO nā hua, kahi e pono ai ka embryo e hele i kahi pae hou aʻe, a ma hope e hiki ai iā ia ke maʻi i ka "host".
- Nā hua manu i oʻo ka larva makua a haʻalele i ka lepo, a ma hope e komo i ke kino. Ma ka awelika, ke ola o kekahi nematode mau ma kahi o 2-3 mau pule.
Nā hōʻailona a me ka mālama ʻana no nā nematodes
Ma mua o 50 ʻano nematode - hiki i nā parasites kahea ana maʻi i loko o kānaka. Āhea nematodes huli i waho i ke kino o ke kanaka, a laila ma ka wahi mua e ʻeha ai ka naʻau digestive.
Hiki iā ia ke hōʻino i nā paia o ka ʻōpū a me ka paʻa ʻana o nā aʻa o ka bile, i hōʻike ʻia e nā pahu ukiuki, ʻeha ma ka piko a i ʻole ka puʻupuʻu, kahe a me ka luaʻi.
Eia hou, nā nematodes, ke komo nei i ke kahe o ke koko, neʻe i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, hiki ke hoʻopili maoli i kekahi o kāna aʻa. No laila, hiki i nā ʻōuli ke like me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hanu a me ka conjunctivitis, a me ka ʻehaʻeha o nā mākala. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi hopena maʻamau o ke kino he ʻano like pū kekahi: nā huehue āpau, ka huehue, ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka palekana, kahi manaʻo o ka nāwaliwali mau a me ka nausea.
Lapaʻau mai nematode lawe ʻia me nā lāʻau a i ʻole ka oxygen therapy. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau he mea ʻona nō ia, no laila kēnā ke kauka iā lākou. Me ka oxygen therapy, hoʻokomo ʻia ka oxygen i loko o nā ʻōpū, a make nā nematode me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau.
Hoʻopili pū ʻia kā mākou mau holoholona i nā maʻi e hoʻonāukiuki i nā parasites roundworm.I nā pōpoki nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi nematodes eia nā: uha pinepine a me ka uha mākū; ʻōpū diarrhea a me ka constipation; nā hopena o ka ʻili a me ka luhi.
I nā ʻīlio ʻo ia: ka luaʻi, diarrhea mucous melemele kikoʻī; hoʻonui i ka makemake; nahu ana o ka huelo; lethargy a me ke aloha ʻole. Ke kū mai kēia mau ʻōuli, pono pono e lawe i ka holoholona i ke kauka holoholona, kahi e kuhikuhi ai i ka lāʻau.
