ʻO Ruff He iʻa ākea i loko o Lūkia, ʻike ʻia no kāna wili ʻoiʻoi. Ma ke ʻano he ʻohana o perches, noho nā ruffs i nā kahawai a me nā loko me ka wai aniani a me ke one a me ka papa pōhaku.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho
Loaʻa i ka genus Ruff nā ʻano iʻa ʻehā, ʻo ka mea maʻamau o nā ruff maʻamau. He iʻa liʻiliʻi kēia, ʻo ka lōʻihi o 10-15 knm, kākaʻikahi loa ka 20-25 cm. Pehea ke ʻano o ka iʻa ruff maʻamau?
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala o kona kino mai ke one a hiki i ka brownish-hina a hilinaʻi ʻia i ka wahi noho: ʻo nā iʻa e noho ana i nā waihona wai me kahi one one i loaʻa nā kala māmā ma mua o ko lākou ʻohana mai nā loko wai a me nā kahawai a me nā kahawai. He mau kiko ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha nā ʻanuʻu dorsal a caudal o ka ruff, he nui a kala ʻole nā pectoral fins.
ʻO ka pae kūlohelohe o ka ruff maʻamau i kau ʻia mai ʻEulopa a i ke kahawai Kolyma ma Siberia. Ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Rūsia, ʻāpana like ia ma nā wahi āpau. ʻO nā wahi punahele nā loko, nā loko a i ʻole nā muliwai me kahi au nāwaliwali. Noho mau ia ma lalo kokoke i kahakai.
I ke kiʻi, ka ruff iʻa
Ma waho aʻe o ka mea maʻamau, i nā kīʻaha o nā kahawai Don, Dnieper, Kuban a me Dniester ma laila e noho nei kahi ihu ihu, a i ʻole he birch, e like me kā nā lawaiʻa kūloko i kapa ai. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia iʻa ma mua o ka ruff maʻamau a he fin dorsal i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua. E aʻo e hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā mea ʻelua ʻano ruff, he mea pono ke ʻike i kahi kiʻi o kahi iʻa ruff maʻamau a hoʻohālikelike iā ia me kahi ihu.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe e pili ana i ka mea ruff kai iʻa, akā ʻaʻole ia he ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai ʻo nā lunamakaʻāinana āpau o ka genus ruff he kupa wai maoli lākou. Eia nō naʻe, i ke kai he nui nā iʻa lalo me nā spine ʻoiʻoi, i kapa pinepine ʻia nā ruffs e ka poʻe maʻamau.
Pili kēia ʻano i nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe a me nā genera, no laila hewa ʻole ka inoa biologically. I ka nīnau, kai a i ʻole iʻa wai iʻa, hoʻokahi wale nō pane: ʻaʻole ola ka popo i ka wai paʻakai. No laila, ʻo wai ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ruff kai?
ʻO nā kamaʻāina o ka wai paʻakai, ua like ka iʻa scorpion me kahi ruff. He iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia me ke kukuna, a ʻo nā kākalaioa kahi mea ʻino nui. Ua hiki aku i ka hapalua mika ka loa a noho i ka Moana Pākīpika a me ʻAkelanika. No ka mea he ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka scorpionfish, no laila e kamaʻilio wale mākou e pili ana i ka iʻa iʻa hou - muliwai muliwai.
Hōʻike a me ka nohona
Hōʻike o ka ruff iʻa pono ʻoe e hoʻomaka me kāna mau wahi noho. I loko o ka waihona wai, mālama ka ruff i lalo, makemake i nā wahi me ka wai hohonu a maopopo. ʻAʻohe piʻi iki i luna. ʻEleu ka hana i ke ahiahi, ʻoiai i kēia manawa loaʻa ka meaʻai. Makemake ʻole i nā wahi me nā kahe wikiwiki, makemake i nā backwaters mālie me ka wai anuanu a mālie.
He mahalo ʻole ʻo Ruff, no laila noho nō ia i nā kahawai o ke kūlanakauhale, kahi e haumia ai ka wai i ka ʻōpala. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa kēia iʻa i loko o nā kino kūpale o ka wai, no ka mea maʻalahi ia i ka nele o ka oxygen. I nā loko e kahe ana a me nā loko, ola ia ʻaneʻane i nā wahi āpau, e waiho ana ma lalo i kahi hohonu.
Aloha ʻo Ruff i ka wai anuanu. Ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hiki i +20 i ke kauwela, hoʻomaka ka iʻa e ʻimi i kahi anuanu a i ʻole lilo i lethargic. ʻO ia ke kumu e ʻike ʻia ai ka ruff i ka wai pāpaʻu wale nō i ka hāʻule, ke lilo ka hau, a i ka puna: i nā manawa ʻē aʻe mehana ka wai ke papau.
A i ka hoʻoilo, ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu o ka ruff ma lalo o ka hohonu. Aia kekahi wehewehe hou aʻe no ka maʻamau o ka ruff e noho ma kahi hohonu: ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke kū i ka mālamalama a aloha i ka pouli. ʻO ia ke kumu e makemake ai nā ruffs e noho ma lalo o nā alahaka, i nā loko wai kokoke i nā pali kū aʻe a ma waena o nā snags.
Loaʻa lākou i ka mea pio me ke kōkua ʻole o ka maka, ʻoiai kahi lālā kūikawā - ka laina ʻaoʻao - hopu i nā loli iki i loko o ka wai a kōkua i ka iʻa i loaʻa i ka mea pio e neʻe nei. No laila, hiki i ka ruff ke ʻimi kūleʻa a hiki i ka pouli piha.
Mea ʻai
Pāpā iʻa he mea ʻaihue. Hoʻopili ka papaʻai i nā crustacea liʻiliʻi, nā larva insect, a me nā hua manu a me nā ʻai, no laila hiki i nā ʻōpuna hoʻoulu ke hoʻopōʻino i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe.
No nā benthophages ʻo Ruff - ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea ʻaihue e ʻai i ka poʻe o ka lalo. ʻO ka koho o ka meaʻai e pili i ka nui o ka ruff. ʻO ka hānai hānai hou i hānai nui ʻia i nā rotifers, ʻoiai ka hānai ʻai nui i nā cladocerans liʻiliʻi, nā ʻokoke, nā cyclops a me nā daphnia.
ʻO nā iʻa ulu ka makemake i nā ilo, nā lehelehe a me nā crustacea liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai nā lawaiʻa nui e ʻai i ka iʻa a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Nui ke aloha o Ruff, a ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomaha i ka hānai ʻana a hiki i ka hoʻoilo, ke nānā ʻole ka hapa nui o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe i ka meaʻai. No laila, ulu a puni ka makahiki.
ʻOiai nā kākalaioa ʻoi ma nā hoka, weliweli nā ʻōpio i nā iʻa predatory nui aʻe: pike perch, burbot a me nā iʻa. Akā ʻaʻole nā ʻenemi nui o nā ruff i ka iʻa, akā ka moa o ka wai: ʻo nā herona, nā cormorants a me nā ʻūhā. No laila, noho nā ruffs i kahi kūlana waena i nā kaulahao meaʻai o nā kino wai hou.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Spawn nā ruffs i ka mua o ka puna: i nā kahawai ma mua o nā kahawai, i nā loko wai a me nā loko iʻa e kahe ana - mai ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau. Ma waena o Rūsia, hāʻule kēia manawa ma ka hopena o Malaki - waena o ʻApelila. ʻAʻole koho nā iʻa i kahi wahi kūikawā a hiki i ka spawn i kekahi ʻāpana o ka waihona wai.
Hana ʻia ka ʻōmau i ke ahiahi a i ʻole i ka pō, ʻoiai e ʻākoakoa ana nā ʻōpala i nā kula, a hiki i ka helu o kekahi mau kaukani mau kānaka. Hoʻomoe kekahi wahine mai 50 a 100 tausani mau hua, i pili pū kekahi i kekahi e ka membrane mucous.
Hoʻopili ka masonry i nā mea kūpono ʻole i lalo: nā pōhaku, nā lāʻau drift a i ʻole nā limu. Ma hope wale o ka hala ʻana o ʻelua mau pule a hoʻomaka koke e hānai a ulu ikaika. Lilo ʻo Ruffs i ka moekolohe ma ka 2-3 mau makahiki wale nō, akā ʻo ka hiki i ka hānai ʻana ʻaʻole pili wale i ka makahiki, akā i ka lōʻihi o ke kino. He aha ke ʻano o ka iʻa ruff i hiki ke hānau?
Manaʻo ʻia no kēia mea pono e ulu ka iʻa a 10-12 knm. Akā ʻoiai me kēia nui, waiho ka wahine i mau hua liʻiliʻi i ka wā o ka huaʻi hua mua - "wale" he mau kaukani. ʻAʻole pili ʻo Ruff i nā kenekulia. Manaʻo ʻia hiki i nā wahine ʻōpio ke hiki i ka makahiki 11, noho nā kāne a hiki i ka palena o 7-8.
Akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā iʻa i ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe e make i ka wā ma mua. I ke kūlohelohe, ma kahi o 93% o ka heluna heluna heleleʻi i nā iʻa ma lalo o 3 mau makahiki, ʻo ia hoʻi, i kekahi mau mea e ola i ke oʻo moekolohe.
ʻO ke kumu o ka nui o nā ʻai a me nā iʻa ʻōpio e luku ʻia e nā mea ʻaihue a make paha i ka maʻi, ka nele o ka oxygen i ka hoʻoilo a me ka nele o ka meaʻai. ʻO ia ke kumu e waiho ai nā wahine i nā paʻa nui: hoʻokahi wale nō o nā ʻumi tausani mau hua manu e hāʻawi i ke ola i kahi iʻa makua.
