Dia dia musk, He mea koloi manawaleʻa ia i hoʻoulu ʻia i nā kaʻao he nui a me nā hoʻokalakupua e pili ana i kāna hiʻohiʻona - nā ʻāʻī lōʻihi. Ma muli o kēia mau niho e ulu ana mai ka iwi ā luna, ua manaʻo ʻia ka dia he vampire ka mea inu i ke koko o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
I ka wā kahiko, ua manaʻo ka poʻe iā ia he ʻuhane ʻino, a ua hoʻāʻo nā shamans e kiʻi i kāna mau ʻāʻī me he ipu lā. ʻO ka inoa o ka dia i unuhi ʻia mai ka Helene ka manaʻo "hāpai musk". ʻO ka helehelena dia Musk ʻumeʻume kūlohelohe mai ka wā kahiko, a a hiki i kēia manawa ua mākaukau ka hapa nui e lanakila i nā haneli mau kilomita ma nā ala mauna e ʻike iā ia e ola ana.
Kahi noho
Aneane ka heluna honua holoʻokoʻa o ka dia musk e puʻunaue ʻia i ka ʻākau o Russia. ʻO ka wahi noho o nā laha ka Altai, nā mauna Sayan, nā ʻōnaehana mauna o Siberia Hikina a me Yakutia, ka Hikina Hema a me Sakhalin. Noho ka dia ma nā ululāʻau taiga āpau o nā wahi mauna.
Ma nā panalāʻau hema, noho ka laha i ka foci liʻiliʻi ma Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kina, Korea, Nepal. ʻIke ʻia ka dia ma India, ma nā kapakai o ka Himalaya, akā hoʻopau ʻia ʻo ia ma laila i kēia manawa.
ʻO ka hopena like i loaʻa iā ia ma nā mauna o Vietnam. Noho ʻo dia musk ma nā ululāʻau mānoanoa ma nā pali kuahiwi pali. ʻO ka hapanui hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā ia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 600-900 mau mika, akā ʻike ʻia lākou ma 3000 mau mika i nā kuahiwi o ka Himalayas a me Tibet.
ʻAno paʻakikī ka neʻe ʻana o ka dia Musk, makemake e noho i kahi i koho ʻia o ka ʻāina. ʻO nā wahine a me nā dia o nā keiki ʻōpio o ka makahiki he panalāʻau liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ʻo nā kāne makua, ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau makahiki o ka makahiki, noho i 30 hectares. ululaau taiga no ko lākou ʻāina.
Alakaʻi nui ʻia nā wahine a me nā underyearlings e ka nui o nā meaʻai, a ʻo ka nohona o kēlā me kēia kāne kāne kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nui o nā wahine ma ka ʻāina, a me ka ʻole o nā kāne ʻē aʻe. Noho ka ʻāina o kēlā me kēia kāne maʻamau mai hoʻokahi a ʻekolu mau wahine.
Ua hoʻololi kēia dia unpretentious i ke ola i loko o nā ululāʻau ʻākau. Kūlana kiʻekiʻe nā hoʻololi wela mai ka East Siberian taiga: mai -50 a +35 C⁰, akā eia nō naʻe e noho nei nō kēia mau artiodactyls.
Mai ke kapa kūpono o ka Siberian Yenisei a i ka Moana Pākīpika, ulu kahi taiga pōʻino, taiga pau ʻole, ʻekolu mau hapaha i loaʻa i ke kāʻei permafrost. Pālahalaha ākea a me nā kualono, uhi ʻia me nā ululāʻau nunui o ka fir, kedera, spruce, hiki ʻole ke hele.
A ʻo nā ala holoholona ʻololī wale nō ma waena o nā lāʻau i hāʻule e kōkua i ka mea huakaʻi e ʻike i kahi palena ʻāina. ʻO kēia mau ululāʻau anu, anuanu, hakahaka, ulu a piha i nā lichens a me nā limu, ua wae ʻia e nā dia musk no ko lākou home.
Auila
ʻOiai ke ʻano pouli o kēia mau ululaau taiga, palekana ka dia ma laila. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, e hiki i kahi holoholona laha ke sneak malū iā lākou. ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole i ka bea ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ka ʻīlio hae ke hoʻokokoke aku i kahi musky dia dia musk dia -ʻo ka māwae o nā lālā i haki e hoʻomaopopo pono i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, a e holo wikiwiki ʻo ia mai kahi.
ʻOiai ʻo nā wolverine dexterous, lynxes a me ka Far East marten ʻaʻole e mālama mau i kēia dia dodgy - hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i ke ala o ka neʻe ʻana me ka 90 kekelē a huikau nā ala e like me ka hare.
I nā lā o ka pā hau a me ka makani wale nō, ke hāha ka nahele a haki nā lālā, ʻaʻole e lohe ka dia musk i ka mea kolo e kolo ana. He manawa kūpono ka dia e hūnā inā loaʻa iā ia ka manawa e hana ai ma kahi mamao iki.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka dia musk ke holo no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻeleu loa ke kino, akā wikiwiki ka hanu ʻana i ka wikiwiki, kū ka dia i ka hoʻomaha, a ma nā ʻāina pololei ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hūnā mai ka lynx wāwae wawae a paʻakikī paha.
Akā i nā wahi mauna, hoʻomohala nā dia musk i kā lākou hana ponoʻī o ka pale ʻana mai ka hoʻomaʻau. Huikau ʻo ia i ke ala hele, nā makani, a me nā lau i nā wahi i hiki ʻole i kona poʻe ʻenemi, ke hele nei i laila ma nā ʻaoʻao huina a me nā ʻami.
Ma kahi palekana, ke kali nei ka dia no ka weliweli. ʻAe ka ʻikepili kūlohelohe i nā dia musk e lele mai ka ʻaoʻao a i ka lepa, e hele ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā kihi liʻiliʻi, he ʻumi mau kenimika wale nō.
Akā inā hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopakele iā ʻoe iho mai kahi lynx a marten paha i kēia ala, a laila ke ʻimi nei ke kanaka i dia dia, lawe ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona e nā poʻe ʻimi ʻimi naʻau, a ʻo kā lākou mau ʻīlio hoʻi e kalaiwa i nā dia musk i nā wahi sediment i hiki i ke kanaka ke kali no nā dia ma laila.
ʻO ka waiwai o nā dia musk no nā kānaka
A ME ʻimi holoholona dia musk alakaʻi ʻia mai ka wā kahiko. Inā ma mua ka pahuhopu e kiʻi i kahi iwi poʻo maka ʻole me nā ʻiʻo, i kēia manawa waiwai ka holoholona iā ia haoka mea e hua ai ka musk.
I kūlohelohe kahawai o ka dia musk pono i nā kāne e hōʻailona i ko lākou ʻāina a hoʻoulu i nā wahine i ka wā o ka rut. Mai ka wā kahiko, ua hoʻohana ke kanaka musk musk no nā lāʻau a me nā mea hoʻonani.
ʻOiai nā ʻArabia kahiko, nā mea hoʻōla i ʻōlelo ʻia i kā lākou moʻolelo e pili ana i musk musk. I Roma a me Helene, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka musk e hana i ka mea ʻala. I ka hikina, ua hoʻohana ʻia ia e hoʻomākaukau i nā lāʻau no ka rumatika, nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, e hoʻonui i ka ikaika.
Ma ʻEulopa kila kau i kahi mokulele Dia no ka musk Siberian i ka mea hoʻonani a me ka meaʻala. I Kina, ua hana ʻia ma mua o 400 mau ʻano lāʻau i ke kumu o ka musk.
Hoʻomaka ka dia kāne kāne e hana i ka musk i ka makahiki 2, a hana ka gland a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola. Aia ia i loko o ka ʻōpū o lalo, ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā genital, hoʻomaloʻo a wāwahi ʻia i loko o ka pauka lawe mai i ka 30-50 gram o ka pauka.
Mea ʻai
Liʻiliʻi ka nui (ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 mika i ka lōʻihi a me 80 cm ke kiʻekiʻe) he 18-18 wale nō kilokilo ke kaumaha o nā musk. ʻO kēia dia liʻiliʻi e hānai nui i nā epiphytes a me nā lichens terrestrial.
I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaneʻane 95% o kaʻai musk deer. I ke kauwela, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka pākaukau me nā lau blueberry, kekahi mea kanu umbrella, fir a me nā nila kedera, ferns. ʻO ka dia, me he mea lā, e ulu nā lichens a hiki i ka hoʻoilo hou.
I ka wā o ka hānai ʻana, hiki ke piʻi i luna o nā kumu lāʻau lū, lele i nā lālā a piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3-4 mau mika. ʻAʻole like me nā holoholona kūloko, ʻaʻole ʻai nā reinde hihiu i ka meaʻai a pau, akā hoʻāʻo e ʻohiʻohi i nā laikini liʻiliʻi i mālama pono ʻia ka wahi hānai. ʻAʻole pono nā dia Muscovy e kaʻana like i kā lākou meaʻai me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, no laila lawa ka meaʻai i nā manawa āpau.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hoʻololi ke ʻano noho kaʻawale o ka dia i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ke kau rutting. I Nowemapa-Kekemapa, hoʻomaka nā kāne e māka ikaika i ka ʻāina me kā lākou ʻala, e kau ʻia i 50 mau māka i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻohana lākou i nā puʻu no kēia.
Hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻonui i ko lākou ʻāina, a hui pinepine me nā hoanoho. I ka hakakā no kahi wahi i ka lā, ʻo ia hoʻi no ka wahine, ke hakakā nei nā dia i nā kaua ikaika loa. Ke hui pū kekahi mau kāne ʻelua, hele wāwae wale lākou i kekahi i kekahi ma kahi o 6-7 mau mika, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou mau ʻiʻo a me ka hānai ʻana i ko lākou huluhulu, a laila hāʻawi iā lākou iho i ka hilinaʻi a me ka nui hou aʻe.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine haʻalele nā dia ʻōpio i ka ʻāina. I ka hihia ke like ke ʻano o ka ikaika, hoʻomaka ka hakakā, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā ʻiʻo ʻoi loa a me nā kui. ʻAʻohe hana a ka dia, uhaʻi i kā lākou mau niho ʻeha a ʻeha loa kekahi i kekahi i ka hakakā.
Ma hope o ka male ʻana, hali ka wahine i 1-2 mau cubs, i hānau ʻia i ke kauwela a hiki i ke oʻo moekolohe ma 15-18 mau mahina. Noho nā dia musk ma kahi o ʻelima mau makahiki wale nō. I ke pio ʻana, hiki i ko lākou mau makahiki i 10-12 mau makahiki.
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka heluna o nā dia musk ma Rūsia ma kahi o 125 tausani mau kānaka. ʻOiai i ka wā kahiko ua aneane pau loa ka dia musk, ua ola nō ka laha, a i kēia manawa no ke kālepa ia. Hoʻoponopono ʻia ka helu e nā mahiʻai holoholona a hāʻawi ʻia kekahi helu o nā palapala hōʻoia no ka hopu holoholona musk i nā ʻāina like ʻole o ka ʻāina.
