Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho
ʻO ka marmot (mai ka Latin Marmota) kahi māmela nui nui mai ka ʻohana squirrel, ke kaʻina o nā rodents.
Kahului holoholona marmot holoholona ʻo ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, mai laila lākou i hoʻolaha ai i ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, a i kēia manawa aia ma kahi o 15 o ko lākou ʻano nui:
1. Grey ʻo ia ka Mountain Asian a Altai marmot (mai ka latina baibacina) - ka wahi noho o nā pae mauna o Altai, Sayan a me Tien Shan, East Kazakhstan a me Siberia hema (Tomsk, Kemerovo a me Novosibirsk mau wahi);
Noho ka hapa nui o ka marmot maʻamau i Lūkia
2. Baibak aka Babak a i ʻole ka steppe marmot (mai ka Latin bobak) - noho i nā ʻāpana steppe o ka ʻāina ʻo Eurasia;
3. Forest-steppe marmot Kashchenko (kastschenkoi) - noho ma Novosibirsk, nā moku ʻo Tomsk ma ke kapa ʻākau o ka Ob;
4. ʻO ʻAmelike ʻAmelike ʻAmelani (Bower) - noho i ka mokuʻāina ʻo US nui loa - ma ka ʻākau o Alaska;
5. Hinahina hina (mai ka caligata Lakina) - makemake e noho i nā pae mauna o ʻAkau ʻAmelika i nā moku ʻākau o USA a me Kanada.
I ke kiʻi, kahi marmot lauoho hina
6. ʻ -leʻele ʻeleʻele (mai ka latts camtschatica)
- Severobaikalsky;
- Lena-Kolyma;
- Kamchatka;
7. ʻO ka huelo lōʻihi a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole marmot Jeffrey (mai ka Latin caudata Geoffroy) - makemake e noho ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Central Asia, akā loaʻa pū kekahi ma Afghanistan a me ka ʻākau o India.
8. Yellow-bellied (mai ka lālani flaviventris) - ke komohana o Kanada a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa;
9. Himalayan aka Tibetan marmot (mai ka Latin himalayana) - e like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, noho kēia ʻano marmot i nā ʻōnaehana mauna o ka Himalayas a me nā mauna kiʻekiʻe Tibet ma nā kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka laina hau;
10. Alpine (mai ka Latin marmota) - ka noho o kēia ʻano rodent ka Alps;
11. ʻO Marmot Menzbier aka Talas marmot (mai ka Latin menzbieri) - maʻamau i ka ʻaoʻao komohana o nā kuahiwi ʻo Tan Shan;
12. Ululaau (monax) - noho i nā ʻāina waena a me ʻākau hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa;
13. Mongolian aka Tarbagan a i ʻole Siberian marmot (mai ka Latin sibirica) - maʻamau i nā panalāʻau o Mongolia, ka ʻĀkau o Kina, i ko mākou ʻāina e noho nei ma Transbaikalia a me Tuva;
Marmot tabargan
14. 'Olumepika aka' Olumepika marmot (mai ka Latin olympus) - wahi noho - Nā mauna 'Olumepika, aia ma ke komohana'ākau o ʻAkau' Amelika ma ka moku'āina 'o Wakinekona, USA.
15. Wanekoua (mai ka Latin vancouverensis) - liʻiliʻi ka wahi noho a aia ma ke kapakai komohana o Kanada, ma ka moku ʻo Wanekoua.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi wehewehe o ka holoholona groundhog e like me ka mammal ke koʻokoʻo ma nā wāwae pōkole ʻehā, me kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi, elongated a me kahi kino voluminous e pau ana i kahi huelo. Nui ko lākou niho, ikaika a lōʻihi hoʻi i ka waha.
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, he koʻokoʻo nui ka marmot. ʻO ka laha liʻiliʻi loa - ʻo ka marmot a Menzbier, nona ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 40-50 cm a me ke kaupaona ma kahi o 2.5-3 kg. ʻO ka mea nui loa ʻo holoholona holoholona steppe ululāʻau-steppe - hiki i kona nui o ke kino ke hōʻea i 70-75 cm, me ke kaumaha o ke kino a hiki i 12 kg.
ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ka hulu o kēia holoholona e pili ana i ka laha, akā ʻo nā kala ka nui o ka hina-melemele a me nā kala hina.
Ma waho, i ke ʻano o ke kino a me ke kala, gophers holoholona e like me ka marmots, ʻokoʻa wale nō i ka hope, ua liʻiliʻi iki.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO nā marmots ke ʻano o nā rodents e hibernate i ka wā o ka hoʻoilo-puna, a hiki i ʻehiku mau mahina i kekahi mau ʻano.
Hoʻolālā nā groundhogs i kahi hapalua makahiki i ka hibernation
I ka wā o ke ala ʻana, alakaʻi kēia mau mea ʻimi i kahi nohona diurnal a ʻimi mau lākou i ka meaʻai, a lākou e makemake ai i nā mea he nui no ka hibernation. Noho nā Marmots i nā lua a lākou i ʻeli ai no lākou iho. I loko o lākou, hibernate lākou a pau i ka hoʻoilo, kahi o ke kauwela a me ka puna.
Noho ka hapa nui o nā ʻano marmots i nā kolone liʻiliʻi. Noho nā ʻano āpau i nā ʻohana me hoʻokahi kāne a mau wahine (maʻamau ʻelua a ʻehā). Kamaʻilio ʻo Marmots me kekahi me ka uē pōkole.
I kēia mau lā, me ka makemake o ka poʻe e loaʻa nā holoholona ʻano ʻole ma ka home, e like me nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio, ua lilo ka marmot i holoholona hānai nā ipo kūlohelohe he nui.
I ko lākou kumu, akamai loa kēia mau koʻokoʻo a ʻaʻole koi i nā hana nui e mālama iā lākou. I ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole picky lākou, ʻaʻohe o ka pilau o ka pilau.
A no kā lākou mālama pono hoʻokahi wale nō kūlana kūikawā - pono lākou e hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka hibernation.
Mea ʻai lepo
ʻO ka papaʻai nui o nā marmots nā meaʻai mea kanu (nā aʻa, nā mea kanu, nā pua, nā ʻanoʻano, nā hua, a pēlā aku. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano, e like me ka marmot melemele-bellied, hoʻopau i nā mea kolo e like me nā ʻūhini, nā ʻenuhe a me nā hua manu hoʻi. ʻAi kahi marmot makua e pili ana i hoʻokahi kilogram o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā.
I ka wā o ke kau mai ka wā o ke kau, pono i ka marmot e ʻai i ka nui o ka meaʻai e loaʻa ai kahi papa momona e kākoʻo i kona kino i ka wā o ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO kekahi ʻano, no ka laʻana, ka marmot 'Olumepika, loaʻa i ka hapa nui o ko lākou kino kaupaona no ka hibernation, ma kahi o 52-53%, ʻo ia hoʻi 3.2-3.5 kilokilo.
Hiki ke ʻike kiʻi o nā holoholona marmots me ka momona i hōʻiliʻili ʻia no ka hoʻoilo, he helehelena kēia rodent o kahi ʻīlio momona ʻo Shar Pei i ka hāʻule.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā laha hiki i ka moekolohe ma ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola. Kū ʻo Rut i ke kau mua, ma hope o ka puka ʻana mai ka hibernation, i ʻApelila-Mei.
Hānau ka wahine i ka hānau no hoʻokahi mahina, a ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ʻana o nā keiki i ka nui o ʻelua a ʻeono paha poʻe. I loko o ka mahina aʻe a i ʻole ʻelua paha, hānai nā marmots liʻiliʻi i ka waiū o ka makuahine, a laila hoʻomaka lākou e hele mālie i waho o ka lua a ʻai i nā mea kanu.
I ke kiʻi, he marmot pēpē
I ka wā ʻōpio, haʻalele nā keiki i ko lākou mau mākua a hoʻomaka i ko lākou ʻohana ponoʻī, noho mau i kahi kolone maʻamau.
I ka nahelehele, hiki i nā marmots ke ola i iwakālua mau makahiki. Ma ka home, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ko lākou mau ola a pili loa i ka hibernation hana; me ka ʻole o ia, ʻaʻole ola kahi holoholona i loko o kahi keʻena ma mua o ʻelima mau makahiki.
