Kamaʻāina paha nā poʻe āpau me kahi minke nani a prickly hoʻi, e like me bass bass, kahi e noho mau ai i nā waihona wai like ʻole. Wahi a nā lawaiʻa, hiki ke hopu ʻia i ka perch me nā mea like ʻole. Keʻokeʻo ka ʻiʻo o kēia iʻa iʻa me ka ʻono loa. E hoʻāʻo mākou e hōʻike i nā mea huna a pau o ke ola o kēia kamaʻāina wai hou, e hōʻike ana i kona ʻano, nā ʻano, nā ʻano meaʻai, e kuhikuhi ana i kekahi mau mea hoihoi e pili ana i ke ola perch.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: kahiki kahawai
Kapa ʻia ka muliwai perch he mea maʻamau, pili ia i ka papa o nā iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia, ke ʻano o ka perch freshwater perch a me ka ʻohana perch. Inā huli mākou i ka mōʻaukala, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka mea mua nāna i wehewehe i ka ʻepekema kahawai ka mea ʻepekema-ichthyologist Kuekene ʻo Peter Artedi, ua hana kēia i nā makahiki kanakolukumamāwalu o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāwalu. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o nā huapalapala morphological nui nui, e like me ka wehewehe ʻana o Artedi, i hana ʻia ma o ka nānā ʻana i nā perches e noho ana i nā loko o Suedena. Ua hāʻawi ʻo Carl Linnaeus i ka perch i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma 1758, ma muli o nā mea mai Peter Artedi. I nā makahiki 20 o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa, ua aʻo nui ʻia kēia iʻa e nā ʻepekema Palani ʻo Achille Valenciennes lāua ʻo Georges Cuvier, nā mea i hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona holoʻokoʻa iʻa i waho.
I kēia manawa, manaʻo ʻia ka muliwai perch he iʻa i aʻo maikaʻi ʻia, ʻaneʻane ʻike ʻia nā mea āpau e pili ana i kāna taxonomy, morphology, nā pae o ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana. Ke wehewehe nei i ka muliwai perch, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke haʻi ʻole i nā lole onionio a prickly, ʻo ia ka ʻokoʻa iʻa nui. Ma ka laulaha, nui nā inoa o kēia iʻa. Ma ka Don ua kapa ʻia ʻo "chekomas", i ke kamaʻilio kamaʻilio ʻana ua kapa ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻo humpback, luina, minke. ʻO ka ʻōlelo i kākau mua ʻia o ka perch mai ka makahiki 1704, ʻoiai ʻike ʻia ua ʻike ʻia i ka nui o ka hana waha o ka poʻe ma mua.
Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi ʻo ke kumu o ka huaʻōlelo "perch" he Slavic maʻamau a ʻo ia hoʻi "maka" (maka). Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka inoa kēia o ka iʻa maka nui a i ʻole ka inoa o ka perch, no ka mea he wahi ʻokoʻa ʻeleʻele kona ma ka fin dorsal mua, e like me ka maka. Aia kekahi mana hou, e hoʻolaha e pili ana i ke kumu Indo-ʻEulopa o ka inoa iʻa, i unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he "ʻoi".
Mea hoihoi: ʻO ka muliwai perch kahi meʻe o ka hana moʻokalaleo a me nā kiʻi noʻeau; ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia i nā hana kuʻuna like ʻole, i hōʻike ʻia i nā mea hana kiʻi pena. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka perch ma nā peʻa leka o nā mokuʻāina like ʻole, a i kekahi mau kūlanakauhale Kelemania a me Finnish e hoʻonani kēia iʻa i ko lākou kapa.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Iʻa perch iʻa
Aia ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o ke kahawai mai 45 a 50 cm, a ʻo kona kaumaha mai 2 a 2.1 kg. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i ʻoi aku ka nui, akā ʻaʻole maʻamau ia, akā pālahalaha nā mea liʻiliʻi ma nā wahi āpau, pili ia i ka waihona wai a me ka ʻāina kahi i loaʻa ai. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino perch ma hope, ua uhi ʻia me nā unahi liʻiliʻi ctenoid nui loa. ʻO kaʻulaʻula o ke kino i ʻōmaʻomaʻo-melemele, ua hoʻonani ʻia me nā ʻeleʻele, nā ʻaoʻao, nā ʻaoʻao transverse, e loli paha ka helu, akā ʻaʻole ma mua o 9 mau ʻāpana. ʻIke ʻia kahi aniani keʻokeʻo i loko o ka ʻōpū. Kū i waho nā ʻelua i kau ʻia ma ke kua, ʻo ka mua ma mua o ka lua o ka fin me ka lōʻihi a me ke kiʻekiʻe.
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, he kiko ʻeleʻele ko ka fin dorsal mua ma ka hopena, kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano iʻa. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā fector pectoral ma mua o nā fins ventral. ʻO ka fin dorsal mua he hina i ke kala, a ʻo ka lua he ʻōmaʻomaʻo-melemele. Hōʻike nā finins a me nā pectoral i kahi melemele-ʻalani a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula. Mālamalama ke kala o nā pelvic fin me ka ʻulaʻula hohonu. ʻO ka moʻo caudal, pouli ia i ke kumu, a ʻike ʻia kahi ʻulaʻula i kokoke i ka piko a mai nā ʻaoʻao. ʻOi aku ka maka o ka maka o ka perch oʻo, a ʻike ʻia kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi ma hope o ke poʻo. Kūlike ka hopena o ka iwi ā luna me ka laina kaulike e holo ana ma waena o nā maka iʻa, he melemele ka iris o ia.
Ma ka operculum, ʻike ʻia nā unahi mai luna, kahi o kahi iwikuamoʻo (hiki ke pālua) me kahi preoperculum serrated. Kūpulu ʻia nā niho iʻa, aia i nā lālani ma ka pā a me ka ʻāpana. ʻAʻole nānā ʻia nā Tusks ma perch. ʻAʻole kāwili pū ʻia nā membrane gill, uhi ʻia nā pāpālina o ka iʻa me nā unahi, ʻaʻohe unahi ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pahu caudal. ʻOi aku nā unahi lahilahi o ka fry, e hoʻonui mālie, paʻakikī a paʻakikī hoʻi.
Mea hoihoi: ʻOi aku ka nui unahi o nā Cavaliers i ka perches muliwai ma mua o nā wahine, i nā kāne, nui a ʻino hoʻi nā kukuna i ka ʻāpana o ka lua o ka finau dorsal, akā i nā wahine ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino a ʻaʻole nui nā maka e like me nā kāne.
Ma hea e noho ai ka wai kahawai?
Kiʻi: kahawai i ka wai
Hiki ke loaʻa nā kahawai kokoke i nā wahi āpau, ākea loa kona wahi noho.
He kamaʻāina ʻo ia:
- nā muliwai;
- nā loko;
- nā loko iʻa (ma waena a me nā nui);
- nā wahi kai kahakai me ka wai desalinated.
A ʻo kahi kuhi hope loa, lawelawe ke kai Baltic ma ke ʻano he laʻana o kēia, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā panalāʻau o kona awa ʻo Riga a me Finlandia, hopu pinepine nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa i nā wahi ma ia mau wahi. I ko mākou ʻāina, ʻaʻole loaʻa ka perch wale nō i nā wai o ka Amur a me nā wahi o nā mea hāʻawi.
Mea hoihoi: Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻelua mau lāʻī o ka perch e noho pū i loko o nā kino wai like, hoʻokomo lākou i kahi perch ulu liʻiliʻi a lohi hoʻi (lāʻau lāʻau) a me kahi kaikunāne ulu nui (hohonu).
I nā kahawai a me nā kahawai, kahi anuanu loa ka wai, ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike i nā perches, ʻaʻole makemake lākou i nā biotopes pēlā. ʻO nā kahawai kuahiwi kolohe me ka au wikiwiki, holo iʻa kēia iʻa. Noho ʻia ka perch maʻamau i loko o nā kino wai o ʻAkau ʻAkau a aia ma Europe a puni. Ua lawe ka poʻe iā ia i nā ʻāina o ka ʻāina ʻApelika wela, kahi i ʻaʻa maikaʻi ai ka iʻa. Ua hoʻolauna pū ʻia ka perch i Nu Kilani a me ʻAukekulia. Ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻano laha no nā wai o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, akā a laila ua koho nā ʻepekema i kēia perch ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana kaʻawale, i kapa ʻia ʻo "perch melemele".
ʻO nā wahi ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻāina kahi i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka kahawai kahawai maʻamau:
- Kepania;
- Beritania Nui;
- Kupelo;
- Kina;
- Moloko;
- Azores;
- Kuleke;
- Monokenekelo;
- Alepania;
- Kuikilana;
- ʻIlelani a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.
He aha ka ʻai a ka muliwai paʻa?
Kiʻi: kahiki kahawai
ʻO ka muliwai perch he predator, i ka pō he passive ia, no laila nānā ia no nā meaʻai nāna i ke ao, ʻoi aku ka nui i ke kakahiaka nui. I ka wanaʻao, ʻike pinepine ka poʻe lawaiʻa i nā kaha o ka wai a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e lele ana i waho o ke kolamu wai, kahi hōʻailona o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka muliwai, kahi e mahalo ʻole ʻia i ka meaʻai, akā ʻa mau ʻole ka māʻona.
I ka papa kuhikuhi perch maʻamau hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike:
- iʻa me ka iʻa ʻōpio;
- nā hua manu o nā poʻe wai ʻē aʻe;
- pūpū;
- ilo o ka wai;
- zooplankton;
- nā larvae o nā ʻano meaola like ʻole;
- rana.
Aia ke ʻano o ka papaʻai i ka makahiki a me ka nui o nā iʻa, a me ke kau. Alakaʻi nā ʻōpio Perch i kahi ola kokoke-lalo, e ʻimi nei i ka plankton liʻiliʻi loa. Ke piʻi a māhuahua ka lōʻihi o ka perch (mai 2 a 6 cm), hoʻomaka nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā ʻōiwi a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i loko o kāna mau meaʻai māmā. Hoʻopili ka iʻa o ka nui paʻa i ke kahakai kahakai, kahi e ʻimi ai i ka crayfish, verkhovka, roach, a ʻai i nā hua o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻoleʻike pinepine nā perches nui i ke ana o ka meaʻai a hiki ke ʻai i nā mea nui i kū ʻole nā huelo o nā iʻa i ale ʻole ʻia mai kā lākou waha.
Mea hoihoi: ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā pūpū algae a me nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka perch, kahi e kōkua ai i ka digestion maikaʻi. E pili ana i ka ʻai nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka pike, ʻai ʻo ia i kahi ʻano pinepine, a ʻoi aku ka paʻa o nā kaha o kāna mau ʻāpana.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻano iʻa kikoʻī e ʻai ʻia, a laila hiki iā mākou ke papa inoa:
- lāʻau kū;
- minnow;
- gobies;
- ulu ʻōpio carp;
- pohō.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Big perch perch
I ke kauwela, makemake nā perches o ka nui waena e hoʻolilo i ka manawa i nā kahawai a me nā kahawai i ulu nui ʻia. Hōʻiliʻili nā perches mākua mai nā pūʻā liʻiliʻi (a i 10 mau lunamakaʻāinana). ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kula o nā holoholona ʻōpio, hiki i ka iʻa haneli ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia. ʻO Perch ka mea e hao ai i nā dam i luku ʻia, ka driftwood nui a me nā pōhaku. I nā nāhelehele mauʻu ma lalo o ka wai, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike koke iā lākou ma muli o ko lākou ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, no laila e mākaʻikaʻi lākou i ka iʻa mai kahi hoʻohālua, kahi a lākou e mākaukau pono ai iā lākou iho. ʻOi aku ka makemake o ka poʻe nui i ka hohonu, ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā loko wai a me nā lua me nā snags.
ʻO ke ahiahi a me ke kakahiaka o kēia mau iʻa i manaʻo ʻia he hopu holoholona. ʻAʻole like me nā iʻa nui, ʻimi nā holoholona ʻōpio i nā kula, me ka ʻimi a me ka ʻimi ikaika ʻana i ka mea e loaʻa ai ka waiwai. Hiki i nā kahakaha ke piʻi i 0.66 mau mika i kekona. Ke hoʻouka kahi perch i kahi mea pio, hoʻomaka kāna fin ma kāna kua e hoʻomaka e ʻōhū i kahi ʻano ʻano. Ma ke ʻano laulā, hiki ke kapa ʻia nā perches kahawai crepuscular-day predatory iʻa e ʻimi holoholona ke māmā (ka palena o ke ao a me ka pō). Ke hāʻule ka pouli, pau ka hana a nā mea ʻino.
ʻO nā kumu nui e hoʻopili i ka lawena a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka perch:
- nā hōʻailona o ke ana wela o ka wai;
- huina hora o ke ao;
- oxygen māʻona o ka wai;
- ke kaulike (hanana) o ka papaʻai.
Ma kahi hohonu o nā kino o ka wai, ʻaʻole luʻu hohonu nā perches ma lalo o ka wai, e pili kokoke ana i ka papa, kahi e oxygen ai ka wai. I ke kauwela, hana kekahi poʻe i nā neʻe liʻiliʻi i mea e hoʻonui ai i ke kaumaha ma ka hoʻoilo, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka iʻa e hoʻi i nā wahi maikaʻi no ka hoʻomaha. I ka hoʻoilo, hana ka perch i mau hipa nui e neʻe e wehe i nā wahi wai hohonu. Ke hau a anuanu hoʻi, pili ka iʻa i lalo, aia ma kahi hohonu o 70 m. E like me ke kauwela, i ka hoʻoilo e hana ka perch ke māmā.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Kūkākūkā nā kahawai ʻelua
Ua hele a moekolohe nā perches maʻamau i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki o ka makahiki. Neʻe lākou i ka kahua e hoʻouluulu pū ana, e hele hewa ana i nā hipa he nui. Lawe ʻia ka ʻōnaehana spawning i nā wahi o ka wai papau o ka muliwai, i nā wai hou, kahi nāwaliwali loa o ke au. Pono ka mahana o ka wai ma waena o 7 a me 15 kekelē me kahi hōʻailona plus. Hoʻopili nā hua i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā kāne perches i nā ʻano snags o lalo o ka wai, nā lālā i lulu ʻia, a me nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau e ulu ana ma kahakai. ʻO ke kūpeʻe o ka caviar perch i like me ka lipine lace, ʻokoʻa ka lōʻihi ma waena o hoʻokahi mika; hiki i kēlā lipine ke loaʻa mai 700 a 800,000 mau hua liʻiliʻi.
Mea hoihoi: I nā wahi he nui, makemake lākou e hoʻohua i ka perch artificially e hoʻohana ana i nā pono loea ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia iʻa a ʻiʻo maikaʻi loa.
Ma hope o 3 a 4 mau pule paha, hoʻomaka ka hua e hū, a hoʻokuʻu i ka pā i loko o ke kukui. ʻO nā mahina mua o ke ola, hānai nā pēpē i ka plankton kahakai, a ke nui aʻe lākou (mai 5 a 10 cm), hōʻike ko lākou ʻano predatory iā ia iho i ka ikaika piha, hoʻomaka nā keiki ʻōpio e ʻimi no nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka awelika o ke ola ma kahi o 15 mau makahiki, ʻoiai hiki i kekahi poʻe ke ola a 25, ua loaʻa kēlā ʻano centenarians iʻa i nā loko Karelian. Ua ʻike ka poʻe noiʻi he pōkole iki ke ola o nā kāne ma mua o ka wahine.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka bass bass
Kiʻi: kahawai kahawai ma lalo o ka wai
ʻOiai ʻo ka perch wai hou he predator, e hana pinepine nei ma ke ʻano he ʻenemi o kekahi, ʻo ia nō iā ia nā mea makemake nui ʻino e hōʻole ʻole i ka ʻai ʻana iā lākou.
ʻO ke kumu, nā iʻa predatory o nā nui nui aʻe i nā ʻenemi perch, a ma waena o lākou e kūpono e ʻōlelo ʻia:
- pike;
- pike perch;
- burbot;
- pōpoki;
- ʻalekona;
- puhi.
ʻAi ikaika ʻia ka perch e nā manu e noho kokoke ana i ka wai: nā loona, nā tern, nā ʻōkulako, osprey. Hiki ke ʻai maʻalahi ʻia ʻo Perch e nā otters a me nā muskrats. ʻAʻole pono mākou e poina e pili ana i ka cannibalism, kahi ʻano o nā ʻano iʻa he nui, e like me ka perch. ʻO kahi perch nui aku, me ka nānā ʻole i ka pili ʻohana, hiki iā ia ke ale i kona kaikaina. ʻO ia mau phenomena e hoʻonui pinepine ʻia i ka wā kauwela. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻōpala a me ka ʻōpio liʻiliʻi, hiki ke ʻai ʻia nā hua manu perch e nā poʻe wai ʻē aʻe.
Hiki ke hilinaʻi wiwo ʻole ʻia nā ʻenemi perch nui ma ke ʻano he kanaka, no ka mea, he mea makemake ʻia ka perch no nā lawaiʻa amateur, ma nā ʻāina ʻē a me nā panalāʻau o kā mākou mokuʻāina. I kekahi mau waihona wai, lawe pū ʻia ka lawaiʻa kū kau pāʻoihana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā trawls. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, he ʻono maikaʻi loa kaʻiʻo perch, no laila hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā ʻano like ʻole (puhi, palai, paʻakai, paʻahau, a pēlā aku.). Hana ʻia nā iʻa kēnā a me nā ʻāpana mai ka muliwai perch.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: kahiki kahawai
Nui loa ka nohona o ka perch, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā wahi mōʻaukala o kona noho ʻana, ua māhuahua hou aʻe ia, ma muli o ka lawe maoli ʻana o ka poʻe iā ia i nā ʻāina ʻē kahi i noho ʻole ai ma mua. I ka laulā o ka hapa nui o nā mokuʻāina, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wai kahawai ma ke ʻano he iʻa pale ʻia, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau kapu e pili ana i ka lawaiʻa ʻana, akā pili ia mau hana i ka iʻa wai piha. ʻOiai i hoʻokahi mokuʻāina, ʻokoʻa kēia mau kapu, kaukaʻi ʻia ia āpau. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma Pelekane Nui he mau kau pāpā ma ka hopu ʻana i ka perch, a i ka nui o kekahi mau mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe hiki ʻole ke kiʻi i nā perches ʻaʻole i hiki i kahi nui, pono lākou e hoʻokuʻu hou ʻia i loko o ka wai.
Pono e hoʻohui ʻia he ʻokoʻa ka mānoanoa o ka perch heluna i nā kino wai like ʻole. I kekahi mau wahi nui ia, ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe he awelika, pili ia i ke aniau, nā lako meaʻai, ke kūlana o ke kino wai, ke kū ʻana o nā mea ʻino nui ʻē aʻe i loko. Ma ke kamaʻilio kikoʻī ʻana e pili ana i ko mākou ʻāina, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka perch kokoke i nā wahi āpau i kona ākea, he ʻano iʻa maʻamau no ka nui o nā waihona wai a ʻaʻole pili i nā ʻelele Red Book, ʻaʻole hiki ke hauʻoli. Wahi a ke kūlana IUCN, ʻaʻohe mea hopohopo iki o ka iʻa e pili ana i ka nui o kāna iʻa.
I ka hopena makemake wau e hoʻohui i kēlā mea nani bass bass ʻano hanohano a kala hoʻi, kūpono kona lole onionio iā ia i kēia ala, a ʻo ka lālani o nā ʻalani ʻalani-ʻalani e hāʻawi i ka hiʻina a me ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi iʻa. ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha kēia iʻa ke koa o nā hana moʻokalaleo he nui, no ka mea he charisma kūikawā kāna a lilo i. Lana ka manaʻo e hoʻomau ka noho maikaʻi e pili ana i ka lehulehu perch i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Lā paʻi: 16.02.2020
Lā hou: 23.12.2019 ma 16:33
