Kamaʻāina ka hapa nui pāpaʻa kala, laha i nā kino wai like ʻole. ʻAʻole pono e huikau kēia iʻa me ka mea hānai, aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou, a mākou e hoʻāʻo ai e hoʻomaopopo. Ma waho aʻe o ka helehelena, e hoʻopaʻa pū mākou i ka hana o ka bream kālā, kona ʻano, nā ʻano papaʻai, nā hiʻohiʻona o ka wā spawning a me ke kūlana o ka iʻa lehulehu.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Gustera
ʻO Guster no ka ʻohana carp, ke kaʻina o nā carp, ka genus a me nā ʻano o ka bream kālā, kahi iʻa wale nō ka lunamakaʻāinana, ʻaʻohe ʻano ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe mea kōkua o ka bream kālā, nui ka nui o nā inoa ʻē aʻe no kēia iʻa, pili ia i ka ʻāina kahi i noho ai.
No laila, kapa ʻia ka iʻa:
- aniani kilohi;
- mānoanoa;
- malimali;
- pālahalaha iki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Loaʻa i ka iʻa kona inoa kumu ma muli o ka hana pinepine ʻana i nā puʻupuʻu nui a paʻa (nā kula nunui). Wahi a nā lawaiʻa, ʻaʻole hiki ke lālani me ka hoe i kēlā mau manawa.
ʻO nā mea makemake i ka lawaiʻa breh kālā i kā lākou makemake no ka nui o lākou a me ka unpretentiousness e pili ana i nā ʻano meaʻai. I ka helehelena a me ka pili pili, ua like ka bream kālā me ka bream; huikau pinepine ʻia me ka mea hānai, no ka mea he pālahalaha kona kino ma nā ʻaoʻao.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa, e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike he ʻāpana kālā ia i mua ou, ʻaʻole he mea hoʻohua.
- ʻoi aku ka nui o nā maka o ka ʻāpana kālā a hoʻonoho kiʻekiʻe ʻia ma mua o nā maka o ka bastard, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e ke alo o kahi haumāna aila nui;
- ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā unahi o ka ʻai, a ʻike nui ʻia, he keleawe keleawe ke ʻikea i ko lākou kala, a ma ka mānoanoa mea kālā.
- ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe mucus pale ma nā unahi o ka bream kālā, a he nui ka bastard iā ia;
- ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kukuna i ka fin anal o ka bastard ma mua o ka bream kālā;
- he ʻehiku mau niho pharyngeal i loaʻa i ka bream kālā, aia i loko o nā lālani ʻelua, hāʻawi ʻia ka bastard me hoʻokahi lālani o nā niho, aia he 5 wale nō o lākou;
- ʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu o kekahi o nā ʻāpana kālā o ka bream kālā he ʻalani-ʻulaʻula, ʻoiai i ka undergrowth ua hina lākou āpau.
ʻO ka ʻike e pili ana i kēia mau nuances he mea maʻalahi ke hoʻoholo i ka mea i lou ʻia. E nānā mākou i nā kikoʻī i nā hiʻohiʻona waho o ka bream kālā.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Iʻa bream keʻokeʻo
I ka nui loa, hiki i ka bream kālā ke ulu a 35 cm i ka lōʻihi a loaʻa ka nui o 1.2 kg. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka awelika o kēia iʻa, a laila ʻokoʻa ka lōʻihi o lākou mai 25 a 35 cm, a me ko lākou kaumaha - mai 500 a 700 700 gram.
Mea hoihoi: Aia kahi moʻolelo kaupaona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no nā gusters, ʻo ia ka 1.562 kg.
Pālahalaha ʻia ke kumukānāwai o ka iʻa ma nā ʻaoʻao, a pili i ke kiʻekiʻe ke nānā aku elongated. Ma ka ʻaoʻao i hope aia kekahi mea e like me ka puʻupuʻu, kahi e kū ai kahi fin lōʻihi i haʻi ʻia. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka fin caudal e kahi notch hohonu, no laila he ʻano like me ke aniani ʻelua. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka ʻōpū iʻa me nā peʻa nui, ma lalo o nā wahi o ke kino ʻaʻohe unahi. Liʻiliʻi ke poʻo o ka gustera i kona kino, no laila ke nānā aku nei nā maka iʻa ma lalo a nui wale. ʻIke ka maka o ka iʻa a ʻano miki ka wahi o ka waha i lalo, ʻike koke ʻia nā lehelehe iʻa momona.
Video: ʻO Gustera
ʻO nā unahi o ka bream kālā he mana a ʻano nui i ka helehelena, pena ʻia ka piko o ka iʻa i loko o ka malu hina, hiki ke hoʻolei i nā leo bluish iki. ʻO ka hina dorsal, anal a caudal ʻeleʻele i ke kala, ʻoiai nā wīwī e kau ana ma ka ʻōpū a ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo he hina-melemele a ʻalani-ʻalani, a mālamalama a ʻulaʻula hoʻi kokoke i ke kumu. I loko o ka ʻōpū a ma nā ʻaoʻao, uhi ʻia ka iʻa me nā unahi kala. Ma ka ʻōpū, ʻoi aku ka māmā, ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO ka mea mānoanoa liʻiliʻi, nona ka nui ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 mau, ka inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo Lavrushka, no ka mea ʻo ke ʻano o ka iʻa e like me nā kahakaha o ka lau bay.
Ma hea e noho ai ka pāpapa kālā?
Kiʻi: ʻO Guster i loko o ka wai
ʻO nā heluna lehulehu o ka bream kālā i koho ʻia ma ʻEulopa. ʻIke pinepine ka iʻa i ka wai o Kuekene (ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina), Pinilana, Nolewai.
Noho ʻaneʻane ia i nā loko a me nā kahawai āpau e pili ana i nā ipu o nā kai aʻe:
- Azovsky;
- Baletika;
- Eleʻele;
- Caspian;
- ʻĀkau.
No ka expanses o ka wai o ko mākou mokuʻāina, makemake ka gustera i kāna ʻāpana ʻEulopa, e noho nei:
- i ka Urals;
- i Moredovia;
- ma Siberia komohana;
- i loko o nā wai o nā kahawai mauna Caucasian.
Loaʻa ʻo Guster i kahi lethargy a me ka palaualelo, hana ʻole ka iʻa i loko o ka maka, no laila, like ka wai me ka mālie, mehana ((15 kekelē me ka hōʻailona plus). I kēlā mau hiʻohiʻona, ʻano like ia me ka bream. ʻO ka lalo i hūnā ʻia, uhi ʻia me ka limu o ka limu, ke alo o ka pālolo kahi paradaiso maoli no ka bream kālā. ʻIke ʻo ia i nā wahi ʻoluʻolu ma ka panalāʻau o nā waihona wai nui, nā loko, nā muliwai a me nā loko iʻa. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana o ka muliwai, makemake ʻia e nā mānoanoa, ʻike ʻia e ke kū nei o kahi au nāwaliwali o nā lua wai lalo nui, nā backwaters, kahi i uhi ʻia ai ka papa o lalo me ke one a me ka silt.
Noho ka iʻa makua i ka manawa ma kahi hohonu, hoʻonoho pinepine i lalo loa i nā snags a me nā mea kanu wai. No nā holoholona ʻōpio, ʻoi aku ka nani o ka wai kahakai; ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka iʻa ʻike ʻole e loaʻa ka meaʻai ma laila. Ma ka laulaha, ʻo ka bream kālā kahi iʻa sedentary, noho pinepine i nā wahi haʻahaʻa o nā kahawai. Noho ia i nā ʻāpana wai a me nā kulu ʻokoʻa, i hōʻike ʻia e ke kū ʻana o nā papa lohi i hoʻi hou ʻia, kahi e loaʻa ai ka iʻa i kahi meaʻai māmā.
He aha ka ʻai a ka lāʻau ʻaila?
Kiʻi: ʻO Gustera i ka muliwai
Hoʻololi ka papa kuhikuhi bream kālā ma muli o ke ʻano o ka iʻa, a lohi ka ulu ʻana. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka noho ʻana o nā iʻa o nā makahiki like ʻole i nā papa wai like ʻole. ʻO ka nui a me ka nui o ka bream kālā, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o nā larva a me nā crustacea e ʻike ʻia i kāna papaʻai, akā hoʻomaka ka mahele o nā mollusks.
Mea hoihoi: He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka hanohano pili o ka bream kālā, ʻaʻole e komo kēia iʻa i loko o ka cannibalism, ʻaʻole ia e ʻai māmā i kāna ʻano ponoʻī (ʻaʻole i nā hua ʻai a i nā hua paha). I ka papa kuhikuhi o gusters, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā pā o nā mea kanu a me nā protein ʻelua.
No laila, ʻaʻohe makemake ʻole ka bream kālā i ka ʻono:
- nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi;
- nā larvae like ʻole;
- ʻenuhe hulu liʻiliʻi;
- limu a me detritus;
- ka caviar a me ka ʻai o nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe (ʻoi aku ka rudd);
- molluscs liʻiliʻi;
- mea kanu kahakai;
- makika a me nā pika e hoʻopuni ana i ka ʻili o ka wai.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā maunu a nā lawaiʻa e hoʻohana ai, he aha e hopu ai i ka bream kālā, a laila hiki iā mākou ke inoa.
- nā piko;
- ilo:
- ʻenuhe koko;
- palaoa a palaoa palaoa paha;
- lele ʻo caddis;
- kānana kēpau.
I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hoʻonoho ʻia ka pā palaka ma kahi o ke kapakai, kahi e holoi pinepine ʻia ai ka meaʻai me ka wai, a ʻo ka bream kālā nui a ʻoi aʻe hoʻi ka loaʻa o nā mea ʻono ma kahi hohonu kahi e noho ai nā pūpū, kahi iʻa e makemake ai e ʻai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Gustera
ʻAʻohe nui ka neʻe a ka dexterity o ka bream kālā, lohi kona ʻano, ʻaʻole makemake e holo wikiwiki, pinepine ka iʻa i ka ʻano palaualelo. Alakaʻi ʻo Gustera i kahi noho maluhia ma hope o ka bream a me nā mea like ʻole o ka wai. No kahi ola iʻa hauʻoli a ana ʻia, pono ia i kahi mehameha, wahi mālie kahi e lawa ai ka meaʻai. I ka ʻike ʻana o ka bream kālā i nā pilikia a me nā pilikia āpau e kali iā ia i ka wā ʻōpio a ʻōpio hoʻi, ua oʻo ʻo ia, neʻe mai ke kahakai a hiki i ka hohonu, e ʻimi ana i nā wahi mehameha me nā lua, nā ʻūlū a me nā lau nahele lush under water
Mea hoihoi: Makua a ulu ka nui o ka wahine ma ka pae like ma mua o ka oʻo makua ʻana. Ma hope o kēia wā, hoʻomaka ke kāne i ke kau ma hope o nā wahine e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana, no laila ke nānā liʻiliʻi lākou.
ʻO nā mahina hana nui no ka bream kālā ka manawa mai ʻApelila a Iune, i ka manawa i kupu ai ka iʻa. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu paʻa iā ia, no ka mea Hoʻomaka ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā iʻa lehulehu he nui mai ka pāhana ʻana i ko lākou ala. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe lawaiʻa hiki ke ʻoki ʻia ka iʻa me nā bākeke me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i ka lāʻau. Aloha ʻo Gustera e ʻauʻau i nā papa o luna o ka wai e komo i loko o ka lā. Makemake ka iʻa i ka hoʻoilo i loko o nā lua hohonu, e hana ana i nā hui nui ma lalo.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Iʻa bream keʻokeʻo
Ua hele a makua ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo ma kahi o ʻekolu mau makahiki, a hiki i kēia manawa ke alakaʻi ka iʻa i kahi ola sedentary, ʻaʻole neʻe i kahi ʻē. Hoʻomaka ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana i ʻApelila, ke ʻokoʻa ka mahana o ka wai mai 16 a 18 mau kekelē me ka hōʻailona plus, ka lōʻihi o ka wā e hānau ai a hiki i Iulai. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma mua, hana nā maka kālā i nā hipa nunui a paʻa hoʻi, e ʻohiʻohi nui nei.
I mea e hoʻomomona ai, pono ka iʻa i ka wai mālie a mālie, no laila ke makemake nei ka bream kālā i nā panalāʻau:
- papakū backwaters a me nā kahawai;
- backwaters;
- nā kūʻono;
- nāhelehele i hoʻopiha ʻia.
Liʻiliʻi ka hohonu o ia mau wahi, a ʻākoakoa ka nui o nā iʻa ma luna o lākou, no laila ke lohe ʻia nei ka halulu o ka wai i kahi mamao loa, kahi e hāʻawi ai i nā wahi iʻa nui. He conservative ʻo Gustera, no laila ʻo ka pūnaewele ʻōnaehana āna i makemake ai e noho mau ia mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki, ʻaʻole hoʻololi ka iʻa i ka ʻāina i koho ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa. Hana ʻia ka hanana keiki i ka wā ahiahi a ʻike ʻia e ka hana ʻino a me ka walaʻau.
Mea hoihoi: I ke kau moʻo, kau nā keonimana ʻo Gustera i nā "ʻaina mare". Ma ke poʻo a me nā ʻaoʻao, hana lākou i nā tubercle keʻokeʻo, a ma nā ʻaoʻao a me nā pelvic fin, ʻike maopopo ʻia kahi ʻulaʻula.
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Guster he iʻa momona loa. I ka wā o ka spawning, ka wahine, me ke kōkua o kāna mau ʻaoʻao palupalu, pili i nā rhizome ma lalo o ka wai a me nā limu ma kahi hohonu o 30 a 60 knm. Hoʻolālā pinepine kēia hana i mau pule. Hiki i kahi wahine makua a nui ke hana i nā hua he 100 tausani, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi - mai 10000 mau hua.
Mālama ʻo Caviar i kahi manawa he ʻumi mau lā, a laila hoʻomaka ke kō, e kali ana nā mea weliweli a me nā mea keakea iā lākou, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea āpau ke ola. ʻAneʻane wikiwiki nā pēpē i ke kahakai kahakai, kahi maʻalahi no lākou e ʻike i ka meaʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi nā zooplankton a me nā ʻāpana limu. Ke ulu lākou, hoʻololi lākou i nā crustacea liʻiliʻi a me nā molluscs. Hoʻohui ʻia e ʻokoʻa ke ola o ka bream kālā mai 13 a 15 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka bream kālā
Kiʻi: ʻO Gustera i ka hoʻoilo
Ma muli o ka mea ʻaʻole ia he predator huhū o ka bream kālā, hana ʻo ia me ka maluhia a me ka hōʻino ʻole, he wahi liʻiliʻi, nui nā ʻenemi o kēia iʻa. Pono kahi iʻa e hoʻomanawanui i nā pilikia a me nā pilikia i mea e hiki ai i kahi makahiki hanohano a me kahi nui i ʻoi aku ka pīhoihoi, no laila ʻaʻole ola kahi nui o ka break kālā i kēia mau lā. ʻAʻole ʻae ka nui o nā iʻa momona, predatory i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi meaʻai māmā me kahi bream kālā liʻiliʻi, kāna ʻai a me nā hua, i waena o lākou he perch, ruff, carp. ʻO ke Crayfish, nā rana a me nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe o nā wai kai e makemake e ʻono i ka caviar.
ʻO nā mea nāwaliwali loa nā iʻa ʻōpio e noho kokoke ana i kahakai i ka wai pāpaʻu, kahi e lilo ai lākou i holoholona no nā iʻa ʻē aʻe wale nō, akā no nā manu a me nā holoholona like ʻole. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻopili pinepine nā ʻōpala ʻōpū (tapeworms) i ka bream kālā, e like me nā cyprinid ʻē aʻe. Make koke ka iʻa maʻi, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke alakaʻi i kāna ʻano maʻamau o ke ola. ʻO nā kukuna kūpono ʻole, ʻeleu, ultraviolet hoʻi ka mea weliweli i nā hua iʻa, i waiho ʻia i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu, hoʻomaloʻo wale nō a make i ka lā wela. Ma waena o nā ʻenemi o ka bream kālā hiki ke koho ʻia i ke kanaka nāna e alakaʻi i ka lawaiʻa ma luna, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ka nui o nā ʻoihana.
Hoʻoikaika ka poʻe i ka nui o ka iʻa ma ka lawaiʻa ʻana wale nō, akā me ka pololei ʻole ke hoʻohaumia lākou i nā kino wai a me ke kaiapuni ma kahi āpau, hoʻomaloʻo i nā kino wai he nui, a hoʻopilikia i ke ola o nā biotopes maoli. Hiki i nā loli kau i ka pae o ka wai ke lilo i pōpilikia maoli no ka nui o nā hua manu breh kālā, no laila he nui nā mea makemake ʻole a me nā hanana maikaʻi ʻole i ke ola o kēia iʻa mālie, maopopo a pili ʻole hoʻi.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: ʻO Gustera i ka muliwai
ʻOiai ʻoiai he mau kumu maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana i ka heluna bream kālā, nui ka hapa nui o kona heluna kanaka i koe i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Wahi a ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho honua, pili ia i nā ʻano iʻa ma lalo o kahi hoʻoweliweli liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻoiai ke kūlana o kāna heluna kanaka ʻaʻole ia he mea e makaʻu ai, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻoliʻoli.
Manaʻo ka nui o nā loea i kēia manawa ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka mahele o kēia iʻa e like me ka wā i hala iho nei, ʻo ka hewa o nā mea āpau ka lawena kanaka i ke kūlana kaiaola i ka nui. Noho mau kēia iʻa i nā waihona like ʻole ma muli o ka nui o ka momona a me ka unpretentiousness e pili ana i nā meaʻai. ʻO kekahi kumu nui e hoʻopili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka heluna paʻa o ka bream kālā ʻaʻole ia i pili i nā iʻa kalepa waiwai, no laila ke lawaiʻa nei nā lawaiʻa amateur i ka hopu ʻana iā ia, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻono o ka iʻa. ʻO ka ʻike o nā wikamina a me nā minelala i ka ʻiʻo o ka gusher e hōʻike i kona pono no ke kino o ke kanaka.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Guster he loaʻa maoli no nā poʻe e nalo ana i ke kaupaona, he meaʻai ia kāna ʻiʻo, 100 mau kakani o nā iʻa he 96 kcal wale nō.
No laila, mālama ka lehulehu o ka bream kālā i kāna nui, kēia iʻa, e like me ma mua, noho i nā waihona wai he nui i ka nui. ʻAʻole pili ia i ka ʻula Red Book o ka bream kālā; ʻaʻole pono ia i nā hana pale kūikawā. Ke lana nei ka manaʻo e hoʻomau kēia i kēia mua aku. I ka hopena, hoʻomau ia e mahalo i ka paʻa a me ka ʻuhane ikaika o ka bream kālā, ka mea, ke lanakila nei i nā pilikia a me nā manawa weliweli, mālama i ka helu o kāna iʻa i kahi kiʻekiʻe.
I ka ʻike mua, pāpaʻa kala me he mea lā maʻamau a ʻano kupaianaha ʻole ia, akā, i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kāna hana o ke ola me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, e aʻo ʻoe i nā manawa hoihoi a me nā kikoʻī ʻano, kahi kiʻi piha o kāna iʻa kupaianaha a paʻakikī hoʻi.
Lā paʻi: 03/22/2020
Lā hou: 30.01.2020 ma 23:37
