Vole wai He koʻokoʻo karnivorous amphibious. Hōʻike ʻo ia i nā ʻano pono like ʻole e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i ka wai a me ka ʻeli ʻana ma nā kahawai, nā muliwai a me nā loko. ʻO kekahi o nā lā liʻiliʻi loa ka ʻiole ʻai iʻa ʻAmelika Hema me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 10 a 12 cm a me kahi huelo e like me ka lōʻihi like. ʻO ka vole wai bele gula mai Australia a me New Guinea ka mea nui, me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 20 a 39 cm a me kahi huelo pōkole (20 a 33 cm).
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Vole wai
ʻOiai nā ʻohana voles āpau nā lālā o ka ʻohana Muridae, pili lākou i ʻelua mau ʻohana ʻokoʻa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā genera Hydromys, Crossomys a me Colomys ma ka subfamily Murinae (ʻiole a me nā ʻiole o ka Honua Mua) ʻoiai he lālā nā lālā ʻAmelika o ka ʻohana Sigmodontinae (ʻiole a me nā ʻiole o ka Honua Hou.
I nā tropika ʻĀkia a i ʻole i nā latitude non-tropical, ʻaʻohe lua pele wai. Lawe ʻia ka kaolaolaola o nā voles wai e nā kākā amphibian a me nā mole. ʻO ka vole wai ʻEulopa (Genus Arvicola) i kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia he ʻiole wai. Manaʻo ʻia nā voles wai mai New Guinea mai. Hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻia i ke ola wai mahalo i kāna mau wāwae ʻaoʻao hope pūnaewele a me ka pale wai ʻole, ʻike ʻia ka vole wai e ka nui a me ka huelo lōʻihi me kahi kihi keʻokeʻo.
Video: Vole Wai
Nā ʻano nui e kōkua e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai wai mai nā kiwi ʻē aʻe:
- nā niho o mua: hoʻokahi mau incisors chisel-shaped me kahi enamel melemele paʻakikī ma nā pae mua;
- poʻo: pālahalaha ke poʻo, ihu ākea lōʻihi, me ka ʻumiʻumi o ka ʻumiʻumi, nā maka liʻiliʻi;
- pepeiao: ʻike liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi;
- wāwae: webed hind feet;
- huelo: mānoanoa, me ka piko keʻokeʻo;
- kala: ʻano loli. ʻAneʻane ʻeleʻele, hina me ka brown a keʻokeʻo i ka ʻalani. Hulu manoanoa, pahee, wai ʻole.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka vole wai
He nui ka poʻe o mākou i loaʻa ka ʻike ʻoluʻolu ʻole o ka lohe ʻana i nā ʻiole kūloko e ʻuwī ana i ka pō, kahi holoholona hihiu i makemake ʻole ʻia e hiki ke hoʻolaha i ka maʻi. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo ka vole wai Australia ma muli o ka ʻohana hoʻokahi, he holoholona ʻōiwi maikaʻi ia.
ʻO ka vole wai kahi koʻokoʻo ʻano ʻokoʻa i loea i ka ola wai. He rodent nui ia (ʻo kona kino ma kahi o 30 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻo kona huelo a hiki i 40 cm ka lōʻihi, a ʻo kona kaumaha ma kahi o 700 g) me nā ʻūhā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ākea ākea, pale wai a me ka hulu mānoanoa a me nā ʻumiʻumi nui maʻalahi.
ʻO nā lōʻihi lōʻihi, ākea o nā wēlau o ka wai e pili ana me nā lauoho paʻakikī a loaʻa kahi ʻōhule ʻōhule me ka webbing i ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā manamana wāwae. Hoʻohana lākou i ko lākou mau wāwae wawae nui ma ka ʻaoʻao pūnaewele ma ke ʻano he hoe, ʻoiai ko lākou huelo mānoanoa e like me ka hoe hoe. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino, mai ke kala a hina a ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele ma ke kua a mai keʻokeʻo a i ka ʻalani ma ka ʻōpū. I ke ʻano o nā holoholona, hoʻololi ke oho dorsal (kua a i luna paha) i kahi kala hina hina a uhi ʻia paha me nā kiko keʻokeʻo.
Mānoanoa ka huelo, maʻamau me nā lauoho mānoanoa, a i kekahi ʻano laha ke ʻano o nā huluhulu i keel ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo. Nui a lōʻihi ka iwi poʻo o ka vole wai. Liʻiliʻi nā maka, hiki i nā puka ihu ke pani ʻia e mālama i ka wai, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao i waho o nā pepeiao he liʻiliʻi a fluffy a nalo paha. Ma waho aʻe o kā lākou makemake maopopo no ka wai, he wahi noho lākou maʻalahi, hiki ke noho i kahi o nā wahi kai, kūlohelohe a me nā hana, hou, a me nā paʻakai. Hōʻalo lākou i nā kahe ikaika, makemake i ka neʻe lohi a i ʻole ka wai mālie.
Ma hea e noho ai ka vole wai?
Kiʻi: Wai vole i ka wai
ʻIke ʻia ka vole wai i loko o ka wai mau a mau paha e mau ana, e like me nā loko wai, nā kahawai, nā wai wai, nā wai wai, a me nā kahawai kaiāulu. Noho kokoke i nā loko wai, nā wai wai a me nā kahawai, a me nā kahawai mangrove kahakai, e hoʻomanawanui ia i nā wahi wai i hoʻohaumia ʻia.
Noho ka laha i nā ʻano wahi like ʻole o nā wahi noho wai, mai nā kahawai subalpine a me nā kahawai kai uka ʻē aʻe a i nā loko, nā wai kai a me nā wai mahiʻai. Aia paha ka heluna kanaka i nā wai kahe o ka wai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka vole wai ma lalo o nā moena o ka muliwai maoli. Hiki i nā holoholona ke hoʻololi i nā wahi kaiāulu a lilo i hoʻokahi o nā lāhui ʻōiwi i loaʻa pono, ma ka liʻiliʻi ma kekahi mau wahi, mai nā hana a kānaka.
Noho nā lua wai o ka genus Hydromys ma nā mauna a me nā kahakai kahakai o Australia, New Guinea a me kekahi mau mokupuni kokoke. Noho ka ʻiole wai ʻole (Crossomys moncktoni) ma nā mauna o ka hikina o Nūkini, kahi e makemake ai i nā kahawai anuanu, wikiwiki, i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka ululāʻau a mauʻu paha.
ʻIke ʻia ka vole wai ma ʻApelika ma nā kahawai i hoʻopili ʻia me ka muliwai. He ʻumikūmākahi mau lua wai o ka Hemisphere komohana i loaʻa ma ka hema o Mexico a me ʻAmelika Hema, kahi e noho mau ai lākou ma nā kahawai i nā ululāʻau mai ka papa kai a i nā wahi kau mauna ma luna o ka laina o nā kumulāʻau.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e loaʻa ai ka vole wai. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka vole wai?
Kiʻi: Vole wai iole
ʻO nā voles wai he poʻe holoholona, a ʻoiai lākou e hopu ana i ka hapa nui o kā lākou mea pio i loko o nā wai papau e pili kokoke ana i ke kahakai, mākaukau hoʻi lākou i ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i ka ʻāina. ʻO lākou he mau holoholona nui, a ʻano ʻokoʻa kā lākou papaʻai i ka wahi.
Hiki i ka Prey ke hoʻopili i ka crayfish, nā invertebrates aquatic, iʻa, mussels, manu (me nā manu moa), nā mea hānai liʻiliʻi, nā rana a me nā mea kolo (me nā honu liʻiliʻi). Ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma kahi kokoke i nā kaawai wai ke huli lākou i nā ʻiole ʻeleʻele. Pēlā nō, hiki i nā voles wai ke ʻai i ke kalai, nā ʻōpala o nā meaʻai, kahi mea kanu kaulike, a ua ʻike ʻia e ʻaihue i nā meaʻai mai nā kīʻaha holoholona.
He holoholona akamai ka voles wai. Lawe lākou i nā kūmole mai ka wai a waiho iā lākou i ka lā e hāmama ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana. ʻIke nā kānaka noiʻi e akahele loa lākou me nā pahele, a inā paʻa, ʻaʻole lākou e hana i ka hewa like ʻelua. Inā loaʻa paʻa ʻole ʻia lākou i nā pahele nylon, hoʻomaka paha lākou e nau iā lākou. Eia nō naʻe, e like me nā kuhukukū a me nā platypuse, hiki i nā voles wai ke pohō inā paʻa i kahi hei iʻa.
ʻAno hilahila nā voles wai a ʻaʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia e ʻai ana, eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ko lākou alo o kā lākou maʻamau o ka ʻaina ʻana ma kahi papaʻaina. Ma hope o ka hopu ʻia ʻana o ka mea pio, lawe ʻia i kahi wahi hānai kūpono e like me kahi aʻa kumu lāʻau ʻole, pōhaku, a lāʻau paha. Kau ʻia nā pūpū crayfish a me nā kūpili ma luna o kēlā "pākaukau", a i ʻole nā iʻa ʻai i heleleʻi ʻia i loko o ke kino wai kahi hōʻailona maikaʻi e noho ana kahi vole wai ma kahi kokoke.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Aloha nā voles wai e hōʻiliʻili i ka meaʻai a laila ʻai ma ka "papa ʻaina".
ʻO ka pō ʻoi paha ka manawa kūpono loa e ʻike ai i nā voles wai, no ka mea, maʻa mau lākou ma hope o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā, akā ʻano ʻokoʻa kēia mau holoholona i waena o nā koʻokoʻo ma muli o kā lākou hānai maʻamau ʻana i ke ao.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Vole wai ma Lūkia
ʻO ka ʻiole wai kahi koʻokoʻo i ka pō pō. Kūkulu ʻia nā puʻupuʻu a me nā pā kūlohelohe a me nā lawaiʻa kūlohelohe paha e waiho kokoke ana a ma luna paha o ke kaha kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohana ai no ka puʻuhonua i ka lā a ma waena o nā pōʻai kai. Hiki nō ke hoʻohana i nā hanana ʻimi hoʻopunipuni no ka puʻuhonua inā ʻaʻohe wahi kūpono ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻolālā ka vole wai i ka hapa nui o kona lā i nā lua ma nā kapa o ke kahawai, akā ʻo ka hapa nui e hana a puni ka napoʻo ʻana i ka wā e hānai ai, akā ʻike ʻia nō hoʻi e ʻai i ka lā. Kūkulu ʻo ia i kahi pūnana i uhi ʻia i ka mauʻu ma ka puka o kāna lua, kahi huna pinepine ʻia i waena o nā mea kanu a kūkulu ʻia ma ka hopena o nā tunnels ma kapa o nā muliwai a me nā loko.
ʻIke hoihoi: hūnā pinepine ʻia nā mink vole wai ma waena o nā mea kanu a kūkulu ʻia ma kapa o nā muliwai a me nā loko. ʻO ka puka komo a puni ke anawaena ma kahi o 15 cm.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā vole wai he poʻe ʻauʻau mākaukau a me nā mea pōpilikia o ka wai i loko o ka wai, akā ʻauana ka wai wai ʻApelika (Colomys goslingi) i ka wai pāpaʻu a i ʻole noho i ka lihi wai me kahi ihu i piholo ʻia. Ua hoʻopili maikaʻi ka vole wai i ke ola me nā poʻe. Ua ʻimi ʻia i ka huluhulu, akā i kēia manawa he laha pale ʻia ma Australia a ʻike ʻia ua ola ka heluna kanaka mai nā hopena o ka ʻimi holoholona.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā mea hoʻoweliweli ʻē aʻe i kēia manawa me nā:
- nā hoʻololi o nā wahi i hopena ʻia mai ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi kaiāulu, ka noho kūlanakauhale ʻana a me ke kahe o nā kahawai;
- predation o nā holoholona i hoʻolauna ʻia e like me nā pōpoki, nā ʻalopeke a me kekahi mau manu kūpale o nā holoholona;
- palupalu hoʻi nā holoholona ʻōpio i ka predation e nā nahesa a me nā iʻa nui.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Vole wai
Pale ʻole nā kāne o ka wai i ko lākou ʻāina. Haʻalele lākou i kahi ʻala pungent maopopo e hōʻailona i ko lākou ʻāina. ʻAʻole wale lākou a pilau, huhū nui nā voles kāne kāne a pale ikaika i ko lākou ʻāina, i hiki ke alakaʻi i nā kaua ikaika me nā ʻenemi, i kekahi manawa e hopena a hōʻeha paha i kā lākou huelo. ʻO ka vole wai kahi mea ʻimi hihi, makemake i nā aʻa lāʻau ma nā kapa muliwai no ka hānai maʻamau.
ʻAʻoleʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ka biology hānau o kēia ʻano. Manaʻo ʻia e hānai i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, akā ʻo ka hapanui o ka hānau ʻana ma kahi o ka puna a hiki i ke kauwela kau. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana hiki i nā mea pili kaiaulu, ka makahiki a me ke aniau ke hoʻohuli i nā manawa hānau. Hiki i nā holoholona o ka makahiki huikau a me ka moekolohe ke kaʻana like i kahi lua nui, ʻoiai maʻamau hoʻokahi wale nō ke kāne hana kolohe e noho ana. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka lua no kekahi mau makahiki e nā hanauna e hiki mai ana.
Hāpai pinepine nā wahine i ka ʻewalu mau makahiki o ko lākou mau makahiki a hiki i ʻelima mau litters, ʻo kēlā me kēia me ʻekolu a ʻehā mau ʻōpio i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina o ka omo ʻana, ua ukuhi ʻia nā keiki a pono hiki iā lākou ke pale no lākou iho. Loaʻa iā lākou ke kūʻokoʻa i ʻewalu mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
ʻIke hoihoi: ʻO ka maʻamau, noho nā voles wai i ka nāhelehele no kahi ʻoi aku o 3-4 mau makahiki a mehameha ka hapanui.
He ʻano paʻakikī a kūpaʻa hoʻi ia i ka hoʻomanawanui i ka hoʻouka kaua kanaka a me ka loli noho.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka wai voles
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka vole wai
I ka wā o ke kaumaha i nā makahiki 1930, ua kau ʻia ka pāpā ma luna o ka lawe ʻia ʻana mai o nā ʻili hulu (ʻo ka muskrat he nui ʻAmelika). Ua ʻike ʻia ka vole wai ma ke ʻano he pani pani pono, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kumukūʻai o kona ʻili mai ʻehā silina i 1931 a 10 mau silina i 1941. I loko o kēlā manawa, ua ʻimi ʻia nā vole wai a ua hāʻule a nalowale ka heluna kanaka o kēia ʻano. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā kānāwai pale a i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa ua ola ka lehulehu.
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻimi hihiu i nā makahiki 1930, ʻaʻole i loli ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā voles wai mai ka noho ʻana o ʻEulopa. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o nā hana hoʻokele ʻāina kūloko a me nā kuaʻāina, lana ka manaolana e hoʻomaikaʻi pū ʻia ka wahi noho o kēia mea inu wai wai ʻApelika kaulana ʻole.
ʻO nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui i nā lua wai i kēia mau lā nā loli o ka nohona ma muli o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi a me ke kahe ʻana o ka wai wai, a me ka predation o nā holoholona i hoʻolauna ʻia e like me nā pōpoki a me nā ʻalopeke. Hoʻoweliweli pū ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio e nā moʻo a me nā iʻa nui, ʻoiai e ʻimi ʻia nā voles o nā mākua e nā manu o nā mea lele.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Vole wai iole
Ma ke ʻano he laha, hōʻike ka vole wai i ka pilikia mālama liʻiliʻi loa, ʻoiai ua loli ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wai i kāna wahi i noho ai, a ua like paha ka laulā o kēia manawa me ka mea i noho ʻia ma mua o ka noho ʻana o ʻEulopa.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ka vole wai he pest ma nā wahi wai (e like me Murray) kahi e peʻe ai i nā auwai a me nā hoʻokele wai ʻē aʻe a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wai, e hoʻoheheʻe ana a i kekahi manawa hāʻule nā hale. Eia nō naʻe kekahi mau kumuwaiwai, e noʻonoʻo i kēia mea i hōʻemi ʻia ma mua o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka crayfish wai hou, nona nā lehulehu e kaohi ʻia e ka vole wai. Eia nō naʻe, ua helu ʻia ka vole wai ma muli o Vulnerable ma Queensland (Kanawai Conservation Act 1992) a me ka pae ʻāina (Protection Environmental and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999) i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea mālama nui ma waena o ka Kumumanaʻo Haʻawina Priority. Back-Track ma Nuhōlani.
ʻO ka weli wai ka mea nui i ka nalowale o ka nohona, ka hoʻokaʻawale a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa. ʻO kēia ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala kūlanakauhale, ka mining ʻana i ke one, ka hana hou ʻana o ka ʻāina, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā marshes, nā holoholona hihiu, nā kaʻa leʻaleʻa, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka wai haumia a me ka hoʻohaumia kemikala (kahe mai nā ʻāina mahiʻai a me nā kūlanakauhale, hōʻike ʻia i nā lepo acidic sulphate a me nā hanana haumia i ke kahakai. ʻO kēia mau hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa e hōʻemi i nā kumuwaiwai hānai kūpono a me nā manawa kūpono o ka pūnana, hoʻolauna i ka komo ʻana o ka nāhelehele a hoʻonui i ka predation o nā holoholona hihiu (alopeke, puaʻa a me nā pōpoki).
Vole wai - koʻokoʻo nocturnal honua. ʻIke ʻia ia i nā ʻano ʻano wai like ʻole he nui, i nā wahi kai paʻakai, nā mangrove, a me nā wahi wai wai pili e pili ana i ʻAukekulia. He kolonani maikaʻi ia a hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he hōʻailona kūpono ia o ke kū ʻana o kāna iʻa wai nui a me ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o nā kino wai kahi e noho mau ai.
Ka lā paʻi: 11.12.2019
Lā hou: 09/08/2019 ma 22:11
