Pueo pepeiao pōkole He manu lele i ka ʻae o nā pueo. Mai ka wā kahiko, ua manaʻo ʻia ka pueo he hōʻailona o ke akamai a me ka ʻike huna. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he hoa hele pono ʻole o ka Slavic Magi a i ʻole ke akua holoholona ʻo Veles. I kēia lā ʻo ka pueo pepeiao pepeiao liʻiliʻi kekahi o nā manu maʻamau o ka hopu manu ma ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina ʻo Eurasia, a he wahi nui kona wahi noho.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Owl pepeiao liʻiliʻi
ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka pueo pepeiao pepeiao liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano he hanana i kū i ka waena o ke kenekulia 18. Ua ʻike ʻia ke kanaka olaola Suetena kaulana ʻo Karl Liney ma ke ʻano he ʻano kaʻawale o kēia mau manu. Akā me ka kānalua ʻole, ma ke ʻano he lāhui, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pueo pepeiao pepeiao pōkole i mau makahiki i hala aku nei.
Aia kekahi manaʻo e noho kēia manu ʻēheu ʻēheu i ka ʻāina o Eurasia ma mua o ka hopena o ka wā hau. A ʻaʻole like me nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe, ua hiki i nā pueo pepeiao pepeiao pōkole ke hoʻololi i ke aniau hoʻololi a ola pono i nā pōʻino kūlohelohe āpau. ʻO nā koena kahiko o kahi pueo i hoʻi mai i ka 3 millennium BC a ua loaʻa lākou ma Palani i ka wā o ka ʻeli honua.
Mea hoihoi: Noho nā pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi i kahi wahi nui i ka kaʻao o nā lāhui like ʻole. Ma waena o nā Slavs, he hōʻailona ia o ka naʻauao a me ka ʻike, a ma nā ʻāina ʻĀkia he hōʻailona ia o ka make e hiki koke mai ana, kahi hoa hele nui ʻole o ka daimonio e lawe i nā ʻuhane.
Video: Pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi
Ma nā ʻano o nā ʻēheu a me nā paona, ʻo nā pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi he manu manu waena, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mau mea hoʻoweliweli weliweli.
Loaʻa i kēia mau manu nā hiʻohiʻona nui aʻe:
- ka lōʻihi o ke kino, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 45 kenimika;
- ʻēheu - ma kahi o 1 mika;
- ke kaupaona o ke kino, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 500 gram;
- nui a poepoe ke poʻo me ka maka melemele (a i ʻole ʻalani ʻalani) mau maka;
- ikaika a nuku ka nuku, pelu wale ʻia ka predatorily i lalo.
Mālamalama ka plumage o ka manu. Palupalu nā hulu, paʻa paʻa i kekahi i kekahi. Ma lalo kekahi mau ʻāpana o nā pueo pepeiao pepeiao liʻiliʻi, kahi e kōkua ai iā lākou e pumehana ma loko o nā hau paʻa loa. Ma lalo o ka hulu ua ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka hope, i ʻike maopopo ʻia ke lele ka manu. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o ka manu ʻo nā kāne o ka pueo pepeiao pepeiao liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā wahine, akā ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa iki i ke kala o kā lākou plumage.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi
ʻO ka ʻohana pueo kekahi o nā mea ʻaʻa ʻēheu nui loa o ka honua. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka noho ʻana o nā pueo ma aneane o nā wahi kai āpau a ua hoʻomaʻa i ke ola i nā ʻano kūlohelohe. ʻO ka helehelena a me ka lawena o kahi manu e pili i nā ʻōpili nona.
I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana o nā pueo pepeiao pepeiao pōkole:
Pueo hina hina nui - kekahi o nā manu nui loa o kēia laha. Aia kekahi poʻe i kahi mika i ka nui me ka ʻēheu o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi pueo tawny ʻaʻole wale ma ka nui, akā e nā pōʻai ʻeleʻele a puni nā maka. Eia kekahi, aia kahi ʻeleʻele nui ma lalo o ka nuku. Me he ʻumiʻumi lā a no laila ka inoa o kēia manu. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o ka Great Gray Owl ʻaʻole ia e kūkulu i kāna mau pūnana ponoʻī, ʻoi aku ka makemake e noho i nā pūnana mākaukau o nā manu ʻē aʻe. Noho ka manu ma ka Russian Federation, a ma ka Hikina hikina hoʻi, ma nā ʻāina e like me Mongolia a me Kina;
MApueo poni - ka ʻelele liʻiliʻi loa o ka ʻohana pueo. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kanaka makua ma mua o 20 mau kenimika, a ʻo ka ʻūheu ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 40 kenimika. Ua like ia me ka nūnū i ka nui, akā he mea ʻānō hana ia a huli pono i nā nūnū like. ʻO ka hulu o ka pueo manu ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele, liʻiliʻi ke poʻo, ʻo nā maka ʻē aʻe nui a ākea ākea. ʻO kahi ʻano manu o ka manu i uhi ʻia me nā hulu mānoanoa i nā māiʻuʻu.
Pueo keʻokeʻo - paha ka lunamakaʻāinana ʻokoʻa loa o nā pueo ʻohana. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa wale ia i kāna nui nui (a 50 mau kenimika ka lōʻihi a hiki i 2 kilokika o ke kaupaona), akā ʻo nā camouflage maikaʻi hoʻi. Keʻokeʻo ka hulu o ka manu, me kahi kiko ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi. ʻAe kēia iā ia e camouflage pono iā ia iho i ka tundra a me nā kūlana permafrost. Hiki iā wau a me nā manu ke ola a hiki i nā mahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa, a hauʻoli nui lākou ma nā mokupuni o ka Moana Arctic.
Owl Owl - ka predator weliweli o ka ʻohana. Ua loaʻa ka inoa o ka manu ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kala o kona plumage (brown-brown) e like me ke kala o ka plumage o kahi hawk. Noho ka manu ma nā wahi ululāʻau o ʻEulopa, Kamchatka, ʻAmelika Hema a ʻo Chukotka hoʻi.
Ma hea e noho ai ka pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi?
Kiʻi: Owl pepeiao liʻiliʻi ma Lūkia
ʻO ka pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi he manu unpretentious me kahi adaptability kiʻekiʻe. No laila, ʻaʻohe mea kupanaha i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka manu ʻēheu ʻēheu e ola nei ma ka hona holoʻokoʻa ke koe o Antarctica a me ʻAukekulia.
Mea hoihoi: Hōʻike ʻia nā mākia adaptive kiʻekiʻe o ka pueo e ka mea hiki ke ola ʻoiai ma nā mokupuni i uhi ʻia e ka hau i ka Moana Arctic ma nā kūlana permafrost a me kahi mahana maikaʻi ʻole mau.
Noho nā pueo pepeiao pepeiao liʻiliʻi me ka leʻaleʻa ma waena o Eurasia mai Pokukala a me Sepania a hiki i ka trans-Baikal a me nā Mongolian steppes. ʻO ka wahi maikaʻi loa no kahi pueo e noho ai ʻo tundra, steppe a i ʻole nā wao akua nui me nā mea kanu haʻahaʻa. Inā pono, hiki i nā manu ke noho ma ka lihi o ka ululāʻau, akā ʻaʻole e kau i ka nahele mānoanoa.
ʻO nā ʻāina ʻo Latin America a i ʻole nā mokuʻāina hema me ka wela mau o ka ea, makemake nā manu e noho ma nā kahawai o nā kahawai nui, ma nā wahi pohō a ma kahakai paha. ʻO ka pueo pepeiao pepeiao liʻiliʻi ma ka home ma nā kahawai o Louisiana a me nā kiʻekiʻe Andes ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3000 mika.
Ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau, neʻe nā manu i nā wahi mehana, a ma nā ʻāina wela, noho ka pueo a noho i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa i ka panalāʻau like. ʻAʻole makaʻu nā manu i ka poʻe a noho pinepine ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻāina mahiʻai, nā māla a me nā wahi noho kanaka.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka pueo pepeiao pepeiao pōkole. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai o ka pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi?
Kiʻi: Pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi i ke ʻano
ʻO ka pinepine, alualu kēia mau manu manu lūlū i nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā ʻiole Vole, nā ʻiole nahele, a me nā iole ka meaʻai nui o ka pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi. Me ka hemahema o nā rodents, hiki i nā pueo ke hopu i nā nahesa, nā rana, nā ʻelele lele nui a ʻo nā iʻa nō hoʻi (hana maʻamau kēia ma nā wahi kai a kokoke i nā kahawai nui). Hiki i nā kānaka nui ke ʻimi i ka hare a hopu i nā keiki a nā ʻalopeke a me nā ʻīlio hae.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻĀpana maʻamau o ka pueo palaho - 60-80 gram o kaʻiʻo. ʻO kēia nā ʻiole 2-3 vole. Akā ke anuanu a i ʻole i ka manawa o ka hānai ʻana i nā moa, hiki i ka pueo pepeiao pepeiao pōkole ke hopu iā 10-12 voles i ka lā, e like ia me kona kaupaona ponoʻī.
ʻO Owl pepeiao liʻiliʻi he hoʻokahi o nā manu i hiki ke mālama no kahi lā ua. Ke piha pono ka manu, e hoʻoulu hou ia i ka meaʻai ʻaʻole i hoʻohemo ʻia kokoke i ka pūnana. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo kēia nā iole vole semi-digmed 6-8. Kōkua ia mau mālama i ka manu e ola i kahi punawai pololi a i ʻole hoʻopaʻa i ka hoʻoilo i ka wā o nā hau nui.
He ala hoihoi loa i ka ʻimi holoholona pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi. Huli ka manu me ke kūlike kūlike ma ka puʻu a i ka lele haʻahaʻa i ke kiʻekiʻe o 10 mau mika ma luna o ka pae honua. I ka manawa like, ʻoiai e ʻimi nei, alakaʻi ʻia ka pueo pepeiao pepeiao liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole wale e ka ʻike maikaʻi wale nō, akā, me ka pepeiao pepeiao hoʻi, e ʻae iā ia e ʻike i nā ʻiole a i lalo o ka honua.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi i ka lele ʻana
Hoʻolilo ka pueo pepeiao pepeiao liʻiliʻi i ka hapa nui o kona ola wale nō. I ka wā hānau wale nō (mau mahina o ka makahiki), noho ke kāne a me ka wahine i kahi kokoke i kekahi. He pona ʻāina ko kēlā me kēia pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi. Ua liʻiliʻi ia ma mua o nā manu nui o nā manuʻai, akā ua lawa kona wahi e hānai ai i ka manu i loko o ka makahiki.
Kū ka piko o ka hana ola i ka pueo pepeiao pepeiao i ka napoo ʻana o ka lā, i ka pō a me ka pō. Hele a pueo ka pueo a hoʻolilo i mau hola i ka hopu ʻana i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. Ma ke aumoe, make ka hana a ka manu, a hele i ka pūnana. Eia naʻe, mai noʻonoʻo ʻaʻole hiki i kahi pueo ke ʻimi i ke ao. Inā pono (inā pono e hānai i nā moa a i ʻole ʻaʻole lawa ka pio i ka pō), hiki i ka pueo ke huli i ke kakahiaka a i ʻole ke ahiahi. Makemake ka manu e hoʻolilo wale i nā hola wela loa i ka pūnana.
Inā noho ka pueo ma kahi o nā nui o ka wai a pono e hoʻokūkū me nā limu a me nā skuas, hoʻololi maoli ia i ka nohona nocturnal, e like me ka hiamoe ʻana o nā manu ʻē i ka pō. ʻO kahi ala hoihoi loa o ka hoʻomaha ʻana i kahi pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi. I mea e hoʻomaha ai nā ʻeheu, noho ka pueo ma ka lālā ma kahi kū i luna a hohola paha i kona mau ʻeheu ma ka honua. Mahalo i ka plumage camouflage, paʻakikī loa ka manu ke ʻike, a hiki iā ʻoe ke hele wāwae i kekahi mau mika mai ka pueo me ka ʻike ʻole iā ia.
Hoʻohui, aloha nui nā pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi i ka sunbating. E hana i kēia, noho lākou i mua o ka lā a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ko lākou mau ʻeheu i lalo i ka hiki. ʻO nā pueo neʻe (ʻo nā mea e noho ana ma ka Arctic Circle) e ʻākoakoa i nā pua o 50-80 mau kānaka a uhi i kahi mamao o 2-3 tausani mau mile i ko lākou kahua hoʻoilo mau.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Owl pepeiao liʻiliʻi i Belarus
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ʻākoakoa wale nā pueo hoʻokahi a me nā kāne wale nō no ka wā hānau. Hoʻomaka ka wā moena no ka pueo i ka hopena o Malaki a hoʻopau i ka mua o Iune, pili ia i nā ʻano pae o ka manu e noho ai. I ka puna, kū nā kāne male, akā ma hope o ke kau e haki nā kāne a liʻiliʻi ka manawa e hui hou lāua.
I mea e hoʻowalewale ai i nā wahine, hōʻike nā kāne i ka ʻaoʻao i loko o nā ʻeheu a lele i kahi kaʻa, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou hiki. Hōʻike ʻia ka wahine i kahi makana i ke ʻano o kahi pāʻani i hopu ʻia, a inā ʻae ʻo ia i ka makana, a laila manaʻo ʻia ka pālua. Kau ʻia ka pūnana pueo ma ka honua. ʻO ka maʻamau, he puka liʻiliʻi ia i uhi ʻia me ka hulu a me ka mauʻu mauʻu. Hana pū ke kāne a me ka wahine i ke kūkulu pū ʻana o ka pūnana, a, ma ke ʻano he rula, hūnā pono ʻia. He paʻakikī e ʻike iā ia mai ka honua a mai ka ea.
Aia he mau hua he 5-10 i ka pūnana a hana wale ka wahine i ka hoʻoulu ʻana iā lākou. A laila hāʻawi ka kāne i ka meaʻai na ka wahine a me kāna poʻe keiki. No kēia kumu, hiki i nā pueo ke ʻimi a i ke ao, a ʻoi aku ka waiwai o ka pueo. Hatching hua i 22-25 lā. Ua uhi ʻia ʻo Chicks hatch me ka fluff keʻokeʻo. I ka lā 12, hiki iā lākou ke ale i nā pio iā lākou iho, a hiki i kēlā manawa hānai ka wahine iā lākou me nā meaʻai semi-digest.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo nā ʻona hatch ka mea mua e ʻai i ko lākou kaikaina. Hōʻike nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa inā inā hatch ʻo 5-6 mau moa, a laila ʻaʻole lele aku i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana mai ka pūnana mai.
Ma hope o 20 mau lā, haʻalele nā moa i ka pūnana a hoʻāʻo e hemo. Ma hope o 10 mau lā ua ʻike lākou i ka lele, a ma hope o kekahi mahina hiki iā lākou ke hana me ka ʻole o ko lākou mau mākua. Hoʻomaka lākou e alualu iā lākou iho a lele aku e ʻimi i ko lākou ʻāina ponoʻī.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka pueo pepeiao pepeiao pōkole
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi
ʻOiai ʻo ka pueo pepeiao pepeiao liʻiliʻi he manu lele ia, he nui nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Pili kēia i ka hana o ka pueo i kahi pūnana ma ka honua a ʻaneʻane hiki i nā mea ʻehā ʻehā wāwae ke kiʻi iā ia.
ʻO nā ʻalopeke āpau, martens a me nā boars hihiu kekahi mea weliweli nui ʻaʻole wale no ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua, akā no nā keiki ʻōpio hoʻi e noho ana i ka pūnana. Hoʻowalewale pono ʻo Owls i ka pūnana, akā ʻaʻole paʻakikī i nā holoholona predatory ke ʻimi i ka pūnana a ʻahaʻaina ma nā hua. No kēia kumu, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ko ka pueo pepeiao pepeiao liʻiliʻi, a he 1-2 mau moa wale nō ke ola mai kēlā me kēia paʻa.
Hoʻoweliweli paha nā ʻōpio ma ka ʻeheu a me nā manu makua e nā mea ʻili hulu ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā aeto, nā ʻio a me nā kites he mea hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i nā manu i hiki i ka wā ʻōpio. Lawe ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio hemahema i ka hopu pio maʻalahi no nā manu nui o nā pio.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka makaʻu ka pueo nui i nā pueo. ʻO nā hana like ʻole a ke kanaka e hōʻemi nui ai i ka pueo o nā pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi. ʻO kahi laʻana, he kakaikahi loa kēia o kēia mau manu ma ʻEulopa, a manaʻo ʻoluʻolu wale lākou ma Siberia, ka Hikina Hema a me nā Ural polar.
ʻO nā kemika i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻiʻo maunu pū kekahi mea hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i nā manu. Aia kekahi mau hihia pinepine i ka wā e hoʻomake ʻia ai nā manu me ka lāʻau make o kaʻiole, e ʻai ana i ka vole a me nāʻiole.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Owl pepeiao liʻiliʻi
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻano o nā pueo pepeiao pepeiao liʻiliʻi i ke kūlana o ka "hoʻoweliweli o ka make ʻana he mea liʻiliʻi", ke emi nei ka nui o nā manu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻAʻole ʻae ka nohona malū a me ka noho kaʻawale iā mākou e ʻōlelo pololei i ka nui o nā pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi e noho nei i kahi manawa kikoʻī, akā e like me ka manaʻo paʻakikī o nā ornithologists, ma kahi o 300 tausani mau kānaka e noho ana ma Eurasia.
I ka manawa like, kaulike ʻole ka hohola ʻana o nā manu a i nā ʻāina ulu a lehulehu hoʻi e like me Kelemania, ʻAukekulia a ʻItalia paha, ke emi nei ka nui o nā manu e 9-12% i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Noho ka hapanui o ka heluna pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi i ka Russian Federation. Ma nā wahi mamao o Siberia a me ka Hikina hikina, aia ma kahi o 250 tausani manu, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kahi o 80% o nā pueo a pau ma ka ʻāina nui.
Noho he 200,000 pueo pepeiao pepeiao liʻiliʻi e noho ana ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, akā ke emi mau nei ko lākou helu. Ma kahi o 25% o nā pueo a pau e noho ana ma ʻAkau ʻAkau e kani kani ana, a na ko lākou helu ʻekahi hiki ke hoʻokolokolo i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o nā laha holoʻokoʻa. I kēlā me kēia makahiki ke emi nei ka nui o nā manu e 5-8%, ʻo ia hoʻi i loko o kekahi mau makahiki e hāʻule ka helu o nā ʻano i nā waiwai haʻahaʻa loa a ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make e maoli.
I ka pololei, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia e noho ana nā pueo pepeiao pepeiao pōkole i nā zoo nui āpau o ka honua. Manu maikaʻi nā kope manu i ke pio a me ka luku hope loa ʻana o nā laha ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli i kēia mau manu. ʻO ka nīnau āpau inā e noho ka pueo i ka nāhelehele a i ʻole lilo i mau kamaʻāina mau o nā zoo.
Pueo pepeiao pōkole - kekahi o nā manu ʻokoʻa loa i hiki ke loaʻa ma ke ʻano. ʻO ke kala ʻana i nā plumage kamouflage, nā maka nunui maʻamau ʻole, ka hiki ke hoʻohuli i ka ʻāʻī 180 kekelē - he mau mea ʻike maoli kēia e kū hoʻokahi ana kēia manu.
Lā paʻi: 11/26/2019
Lā hou: 09/06/2019 ma 16:24
