Liona liona (Pterois) kahi nani onaona mai ka ʻohana scorpion. Ke nānā nei i kēia iʻa ʻōlinolino maikaʻi, ʻaʻole ʻoe e koho he pili ia o ka wart, ka iʻa hoʻopailua loa o ka ʻohana. I ka helehelena, ʻaʻole hiki ke huikau ka liona me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. Ua mahalo ʻia kona inoa i kāna mau lime e like me nā lipine e like me nā ʻeheu. ʻO kahi kamaʻāina o ke kai, ʻumeʻume koke ka liona i ka nānā me kona kala ʻōlinolino. ʻO nā inoa ʻē aʻe he iʻa liona a me ka iʻa zebra.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Lionfish
Me ka hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia ʻana o ka liona liona, ua ʻike ka poʻe noiʻi he nui nā ʻano like o ka Pterois volitans like, akā ʻo Pterois mile wale nō ka mea i hōʻoia ʻia he ʻano like.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu, aia he 10 mau ʻano i ka genus Pterois, ʻo ia hoʻi:
- P. andover;
- P. antennata - Liona leona kukuna;
- P. brevipectoralis;
- P. lunulata;
- P. mile - liona liona ʻĀnia;
- P. mombasae - Mombasa lionfish;
- P. radiata - Liona liona;
- P. russelii;
- P. sphex;
- P. volitans - Zebra liona.
Video: Lionfish
Ma hope o ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i nā mea kikoʻī ma loko o ka Indo-Pacific, ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe ʻepekema hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano kaʻawale he P. mile ma ke Kai ʻInikia a me P. volitans ma ke komohana a me ka hema hema o ka Pākīpika a me Australia Hema.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO P. volitans kekahi o nā iʻa iʻa i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā wahi he nui o ka honua. ʻAʻohe ʻāina ʻē aʻe ma mua o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ka Caribbean i manaʻo he ʻano luku. ʻOiai ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ia kekahi o 10 mau iʻa kai waiwai nui i lawe ʻia mai i loko o ka ʻāina.
I kēia mau lā aku nei, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka laulā o ka liona liona i Sumatra, kahi e noho like ai nā ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻO ke āpau ma waena o kēia mau noiʻi, ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau makahiki, e alakaʻi iā mākou e manaʻoʻiʻo i nā makahiki i hoʻonui ʻia ka lionfish ma muli o ka hoʻokaʻawale kūlohelohe. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka helu o nā kukuna palupalu ma nā hoka e hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā laha e pili ana i ka genus like.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hana genetic hou e pili ana ka nui o nā helu lionfish ʻAkelanika o P. volitans me kahi helu liʻiliʻi o P. mile. No ka mea, e like me ka iʻa ʻona, manaʻo nui ʻia ka liona liona ma o ka wehewehe ʻana ma muli o kā lākou hopena ma nā kaiāulu iʻa ākea a me ke olakino kanaka.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka liona?
ʻO Lionfish (Pterois) kahi ʻano o nā iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia no ka ʻohana Scorpaenidae. Hoʻohanohano ʻia lākou e nā peʻapeʻa huluhulu elongated, nā hiʻohiʻona wiwo ʻole a me nā hana kupaianaha. Hiki i nā mākua i kahi lōʻihi ma kahi o 43 cm a kaupaona i ka nui o 1.1 kg. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o nā kānaka invasive. E like me nā iʻa scorpion ʻē aʻe, he mau lihilihi hulu nui kā ka liona liona i puka i waho o ke kino ma ke ʻano o ka mane liona. ʻO nā wana spiky ma ke poʻo a me nā spine ʻawahia i loko o ka dorsal, anal a me nā pelvic fins e hoʻoliʻiliʻi makemake ʻole ʻia ka iʻa i nā mea hiki wawe.
Hiki i nā puʻupuʻu momona he nui ma ke poʻo ke hoʻohālikelike i ka ulu ʻana o ka limu, ka masaki ʻana i ka iʻa a me kona waha mai ka mea pio. He mau niho liʻiliʻi ko ka Liona ʻāʻī ma nā ā ā a ma ka piko o ka waha i hoʻopili ʻia e ʻapo a paʻa pono i ka mea pio. ʻOkoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu, me nā kaha kū i luna o ka ʻulaʻula, burgundy a i ʻole ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, e kuapo me nā kaha keʻokeʻo a i ʻole nā melemele ākea, no ka liona liona. ʻAno nā iwi ʻaoʻao.
Mea leʻaleʻa: I nā kānaka, ʻino ka liona liona i ke kaumaha loa a me ka pehu. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi e like me ka pilikia o ka hanu, ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ka hopu ʻana, a me ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike. ʻAʻole make ka "sting" o kahi liona liona, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o kekahi poʻe i kona onaona ma mua o kekahi.
He 13 mau kukuna dorsal liona i ka Lionfish, 9 mau kukuna dorsal pahee a 14 mau kukuna umauma e like me ka hulu. ʻO ka fin fin he 3 spines a me 6-7 mau kukuna. He 10-15 mau makahiki ke ola o Lionfish. Manaʻo ʻia ka liona kekahi o nā lāhulu nani loa no kahi aquarium. He poʻo maka nani kona a me ka ʻulaʻula me nā ʻulaʻula, a me nā ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e hele ana ma ke kua melemele. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala ma muli o ka nohona, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano kahakai i ʻeleʻele, i kekahi manawa ʻane ʻeleʻele.
Ma hea e noho ai ka liona?
Kiʻi: Sea lionfish
ʻO ka laulā maoli o ka liona liona ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka Moana Pākīpika a me ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka Moana ʻInikia. Loaʻa lākou ma kahi ma waena o ke Kaiʻula a me Sumatra. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā laʻana o P. volitans mai Sharm el Sheikh, ʻAigupita a me ke awāwa ʻo Aqaba, Israel, a mai Inhaka Island, Mozambique. Ua wehewehe ʻia ka nohona maʻamau o ka iʻa liona ma ke ʻano he ʻākoʻako koʻa kai ma kahi hohonu o 50 m. Eia nō naʻe, i ko lākou kūlohelohe ʻike ʻia lākou i nā kai kahakai papau a me nā wai estuarine, me ka nui o ka momona i ʻike ʻia i nā wai kahakai kahakai Ua ʻike ʻia nā mākua nunui i ka hohonu o 300 mau mika i ke kai ākea.
ʻO ka mahele ʻana o ka liona pū kekahi i kahi ākea e moe ana mai ke komohana o Australia a me Malaysia hikina a i ka Polenekia Palani a me nā mokupuni ʻo Pitcairn, mai ka ʻākau a i ka hema o Iāpana a me Kōlea Hema, a me ka hema a hiki i ka mokupuni ʻo Lord Howe ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Australia a me nā mokupuni ʻo Kermadec ma Nūhōlani. Loaʻa kēia ʻano i loko o Maikonesia. Pili ʻia ka lionfish me nā ʻākoʻakoʻa, akā loaʻa pū ʻia i ka kai mehana o nā tropics. Hele lākou e heʻe ma nā pōhaku a me nā ʻākako i ka pō a hūnā i nā ana a me nā ana i ke ao.
ʻO ka pae i hoʻolauna ʻia e pili ana i ka hapa nui o ka Caribbean a me ka hema o ka hikina o US. Ua hei ʻia ʻo Lionfish i loko o ka wai kai o ka moku mokupuni ʻo Key Biscayne, Florida, i ka wā i wāwahi ʻia ai kahi aquarium kūloko i ka wā o ka Hurricane Andrew i ka makahiki 1992. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona i loko o ka aquarium i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka heluna lehulehu o Florida, ka mea i hopena i nā hopena o ke olaola.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka liona liona. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka liona?
Kiʻi: Lionfish
ʻO Lionfish kekahi o nā pae kiʻekiʻe loa o ka kaulahao meaʻai i nā wahi kai ākea. ʻIke ʻia lākou e hānai nui i nā crustacea (a me nā invertebrates ʻē aʻe) a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, e hoʻopili pū ana i kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī. Pau ka liona i ka awelika 8.2 manawa ke kaumaha. ʻAi kā lākou palai 5.5-5.5.5 g i kēlā me kēia lā, a me nā mākua 14.6 g.
ʻO ka napoʻo ka manawa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻomaka ai e hānai no ka mea aia i kēia wā ke kiʻekiʻe loa ka hana o nā ʻākako. I ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā, hele ka iʻa a me nā invertebrates i ko lākou wahi hoʻomaha i ka pō, a puka iʻa i ka pō āpau e alualu. Mai hoʻokomo i ka nui o ka ikaika o ka iʻa liona i ka hopu ʻana i kā lākou mea pio. Hele wale lākou i luna i ka pali, a kū ke poʻo o nā ʻākoʻako iā lākou i ka mea ʻaka ʻike ʻole. Ke neʻe lohi nei, wehe ka liona i nā kukuna o ka umauma e hūnā i ka neʻe ʻana o ka pahu caudal. ʻO kēia pale, a me ke kala enigmatic o ka predator, lawelawe ʻia me he camouflage a pale i nā mea pio hiki ʻole ke ʻimi iā ia.
ʻIke leʻaleʻa: ʻOiai ke ʻike maka ʻia a maʻalahi ka maʻalahi o ke ʻano o ka liona lei i loko o kahi aquarium, ma kahi ʻākoʻakoʻa, ʻae ʻia kēia ʻano kala i nā iʻa e huikau me kahi kāʻei o nā lālā koʻa, nā hōkū hulu, a me nā urinkin kai spiny.
Hoʻokomo ka liona i hoʻokahi neʻe wikiwiki a hānai piha i ka mea pio i kona waha. Huli pū ʻo ia i ka ʻili o ka wai e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole. Ke kali nei ka iʻa i ka hohonu o 20-30 cm, ke nānā nei i ka lele ʻana o nā kula iʻa liʻiliʻi mai ka wai, e hoʻāʻo ana e pakele mai nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. Ke komo hou lākou i loko o ka wai, mākaukau ka liona liona e hoʻouka.
Hānai liona:
- iʻa liʻiliʻi (ma lalo o 10 cm);
- crustaceans;
- ʻōpae;
- nā pāpaʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā invertebrates ʻē aʻe.
Huli wale ka iʻa, ke hele mālie nei i kāna mea pio, a hopu iā ia me kahi lua uila me kahi kiko o kāna mau ā a ale iā ia holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka maʻamau, hānai ka liona i nā iʻa he nui ke nui ka meaʻai, a laila pōloli ke loaʻa ka ʻai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Lionfish zebra
Hele kēia mau iʻa i ka pō i ka pōʻeleʻele, e hoʻolōʻihi i nā kukuna palupalu o nā dorsal a me nā anal anal. ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o ka hānai ʻana o ka liona i hoʻopau ʻia i ka hola mua o ka pō, hoʻomau lākou i ke ākea a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ao. Ke piʻi ka lā, hoʻi ka iʻa i kahi kaʻawale i waena o nā koʻa a me nā pōhaku.
Noho ʻo Lionfish i nā hui liʻiliʻi i ka makahiki o ka pā ʻana a i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, no ka hapanui o ko lākou ola makua, noho mehameha lākou a pale kūpale i ko lākou home mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka mea like a ʻano ʻokoʻa paha e hoʻohana ana i kā lākou mau ʻanā dorsal.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: ʻO ka ʻeha mai ka nahu liona liona i hāʻawi ʻia i kānaka hiki ke hala i mau lā a hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻeha, ka hou ʻana a me ka hanu ʻole. Hōʻike nā hōʻike hoʻokolohua he hopena detoxifying ka antidote ma ka liona liona.
I ka wā o ka noho aloha ʻana, ikaika loa nā kāne. Ke hoʻouka kāne kāne ʻē aʻe i ka panalāne o ke kāne e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka wahine, hoʻokokoke ka mea hoʻonāukiuki i ka mea hoʻouka me nā wili ākea ākea. A laila ʻauʻau i mua a i mua hoʻi o ka mea komohewa, e hoʻokuke i mua i nā lāʻau make. Hele a pouli ke kāne ʻōkalakala i ke kala a kuhikuhi i nā lūlū wīwī wīwī i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, pelu nā palapū a ʻauʻau.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Lionfish i ke kai
He kupanaha hānau hānau liona. Hiki lākou i ka moekolohe ma ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki a hoʻonui i ka makahiki i loko o ka wai mahana. I ka wā o ka noho aloha ʻana wale nō e hana ai ka liona i nā hui me nā kānaka ʻē aʻe o ka laha. Hoʻohui kekahi kāne me kekahi mau wahine, e hana ana i nā pūʻulu o 3-8 iʻa. Hana nā wahine mai 15 a 30,000 mau hua i kēlā me kēia pā, no laila hiki i hoʻokahi iʻa i loko o nā wai mehana ke hoʻohua i ʻelua miliona mau hua i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Ke mākaukau ka liona liona, e ʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa o ke kino ma waena o nā kāne. Ua ʻeleʻele nā kāne a nui ke ʻano o ke kala (ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ko lākou mau ʻeha). ʻO nā wahine me nā hua pala, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, lilo i paler. Ua keʻokeʻo silvery ko lākou ʻōpū, ʻāina pharyngeal, a me ka waha.
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka noho aloha ma mua o ka pouli a hoʻomaka mau ʻia e ke kāne. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kāne i ka wahine, moe ʻo ia i lalo iā ia ma ka mea ma lalo a nānā i ka papa o ka wai, e hilinaʻi ana i nā pūhaka pelvic. A laila hoʻopuni ʻo ia kokoke i ka wahine a ma hope o ka hala ʻana i kekahi mau pōʻai, piʻi i luna o ka wai, a ukali ka wahine iā ia. Ke hāpai ʻana, haʻalulu nā palaka o nā wahine. Hiki i ka wahine ke iho i lalo a piʻi i luna i mau manawa. I ka piʻina hope loa, lana ka mahu ma lalo pono o ka wai. A laila hoʻokuʻu ka wahine i nā hua.
ʻO nā hua manu i loko o nā paipu mucous hollow e lana pono ma lalo pono o ka ʻili ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia. Ma hope o 15 mau minuke, hoʻopiha kēia mau paipu me ka wai kai a lilo i mau pōpō oval me ke anawaena o 2 a 5 cm. Ma loko o kēia mau pōpō pīpī he 1-2 mau papa o kēlā me kēia hua. Hoʻololi ka nui o nā hua i ka pōpō mai 2000 a 15000. Ke ʻike ʻia nā hua, hoʻokuʻu ke kāne i kāna sperm, ka mea e komo i nā membrane mucous a momona i nā hua i loko.
Hoʻomaka nā Embryos e hana i 20 mau hola ma hope o ka momona. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi, nā microbes e komo i loko e luku i nā paia mucus a, 36 mau hola ma hope o ka momona, hatch ka larva. ʻEhā mau lā ma hope o ka hapai ʻia ʻana, he ʻauʻau maikaʻi nā lū a hiki ke hoʻomaka e hānai i nā ciliate liʻiliʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolilo i 30 mau lā i ke kahua pelagic, i ʻae iā lākou e hoʻolaha ākea ma luna o nā kai.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka liona liona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka liona?
Lohi ʻo Lionfish a hana e like me ke ʻano hilinaʻi nui ʻole a nānā ʻole paha i nā hoʻoweliweli. Hilinaʻi lākou i kā lākou kala ʻana, nā camouflage, a me nā spine venomous e kāohi ai i nā mea ʻaihue. Noho mau nā mākua noho kaʻawale i hoʻokahi wahi no ka manawa lōʻihi. E pale pale ikaika lākou i ko lākou home mai nā liona ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe. Kakaikahi nā mea ʻaihue kūlohelohe o nā liona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻoiai i kā lākou pae kūlohelohe.
ʻAʻole maopopo loa pehea ka hoʻomalu ʻia ʻana o nā lāhui liona i kā lākou pae kūlohelohe. ʻIke iki ʻia lākou e nā parasites o waho ma mua o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, i loko o ka pae kūlohelohe a me ka hōʻeha. Ma loko o kā lākou pae hoʻouka kaua, malia paha ʻaʻole i ʻike ka manō a me nā iʻa predatory nui ʻē aʻe i nā liona liona me he mea pio lā. Eia naʻe, ke paipai nei i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa ʻēheu i loko o nā ʻōpū o nā hui i Bahamas.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: ʻAʻole hiki i ka mālama kanaka ʻana i ka liona komohewa ke hāʻawi i ka luku a lōʻihi paha a lōʻihi paha. Eia nō naʻe, hiki paha ke kaohi i ka heluna liona i nā wahi i koho ʻia me nā hana hoʻoneʻe mau.
I ke Kai Kūʻono ʻo ʻAqaba, ke Kaiʻula, ʻo ka ʻaihu ākea polū e ʻike ʻia ka predator o ka liona. Ke hoʻoholo nei i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi laʻana nui o kahi liona i loko o kona ʻōpū, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻohana ka iʻa i kāna mau hana hoʻohālua e hopu pono i ka liona mai ka hope, a paʻa mua iā ia e ka huelo. ʻO nā mea i ʻike hou ʻia o ka liona liona ua hōʻike i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o endo- a me ectoparasites i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā parasites o nā iʻa kai kūloko.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Lionfish
ʻAʻole helu ʻia ʻo Lionfish i kēia manawa me he mea lā e pau i ka make. Eia nō naʻe, manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka hoʻohaumia o nā ʻākoʻakoʻa i ka make ʻana o nā iʻa a me nā crustacean he nui e hilinaʻi ʻia e ka liona. Inā hiki ʻole i ka liona ke hoʻololi i kēia mau hoʻololi i ke koho ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe, e emi pū ana kā lākou heluna kanaka. Ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻano lūlū makemake ʻole ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, nā Bahamas a me ka Caribbean.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ua komo ka liona i loko o ka wai US ma muli o ka hopena o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana mai nā aquarium hobby a i ʻole nā wai ballast o nā moku. ʻO nā hihia i hōʻike mua ʻia ma South Florida i ka makahiki 1985. Ua pālahalaha aku lākou i kahi helu kupaianaha ma ka kapakai hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ke kapakai ʻo Persian Persian, a ma loko hoʻi o ka Caribbean.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: ke piʻi nei nā heluna o nā liona lōkō ma kahi o 67% i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua kahua e hiki i ka liona ke hoʻoneʻe koke iā 80% o nā iʻa kūloko ma nā ʻākolako. Uhi ka laulā i hoʻolālā ʻia ma ke kahawai holoʻokoʻa o Mexico, ka Caribbean, a me ke kai komohana o ʻAkelanika mai North Carolina a i Uruguay.
Liona liona ke kumu o ka hopohopo nui e pili ana i ko lākou hopena ma nā kaiāulu o nā wahi paʻakikī, nā mangrove, nā limu a me nā ʻākoʻakoʻa, a me nā wahi noho estuarine. ʻO ka hopohopo ʻaʻole wale ia ka predation pololei o nā iʻa ʻēheu i nā iʻa ʻōiwi a me ka hoʻokūkū me nā iʻa kūloko no nā kumuwaiwai, akā ʻo nā hopena cascading hoʻi ma ke kaiaola.
Ka lā paʻi: 11.11.2019
Lā hou: 09/04/2019 ma 21:52
