Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano pepeke like ʻole i ka honua. ʻO kekahi o nā mea kaulana a hoʻolaha ākea lele hua... Kamaʻāina kēia mau nalo liʻiliʻi i nā mea āpau. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e kali lōʻihi no ko lākou helehelena inā aia kahi hua nahu a pala pulu paha i ka hale. ʻOiai kekahi mau lā ua lawa ia no ka lele ʻana o nā lele hua e ʻike ʻia ma luna o kahi peach a ʻāpala paha i ʻai ʻia.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: lele Drosophila
Hiki i ka lele hua ke hoʻomaka i kēlā me kēia home, a i nā hale kanu mea kanu a hua paha, i nā hale kūʻai, he kamaʻāina mau ia. Kamaʻāina kēia holoholona i kekahi māla a me ka māla. He mea huhū loa kēlā ʻano lele, paʻakikī loa e hoʻopau iā ia. ʻOiai kēia, mahalo nui ʻia nā nalo hua e nā ʻepekema. He mea ʻepekema kū hoʻokahi lākou. Lawe ʻia nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole a me nā hoʻokolohua ʻepekema i kēia holoholona i kēia lā.
Video: lele ʻo Drosophila
Kāhea ʻia ka lele Drosophila ʻokoʻa: lele hua liʻiliʻi, lele hua, midge hua, lele hua hua maʻamau. I ka Lākina, like ka inoa me Drosophila melanogaster. He pepeke ʻēheu ʻelua, kahi ʻano o ka midge na ka genus Drosophila. ʻO Drosophila kahi ʻohana nunui o nā lele hua.
Mea hoihoi: He nui nā inoa a me nā inoa kapakapa ʻo Drosophila. Kāhea ka poʻe i kēia mau lūlū he lele waina a wīnega paha. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ko lākou ʻike koke ʻana i ke kumu o ka pilau ʻaʻala awaawa. No laila, nui nā holoholona e like me ia i nā hale hana like ʻole a me nā mea kanu no ka hana ʻana i ka wai momona a me ka hana waina.
I kēia lā aia kekahi mau ʻano o nā lele hua. Heluhelu nā ʻepekema ma mua o hoʻokahi tausani mau ʻano. Noho ka hapa nui o nā laha i nā aniau subtropical a me tropical. ʻO ka mea kikoʻī, ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu haneli mau ʻano o kēīa ʻano ʻeneka e noho wale ma nā mokupuni ʻo Hawaiʻi wale nō. Ma ka panalāʻau o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa, hoʻokahi ʻano lele ʻoi loa ka maʻamau - lele ka hua lele ʻole.
ʻO kēia ka hiʻohiʻona o ka lele Drosophila:
- kahi papaʻai i loko o nā huahana fermentation;
- ʻike kiʻekiʻe i nā onaona ʻawaʻawa;
- ka momona - hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke hoʻomoe i mau hua he mau haneli i kona ola holoʻokoʻa;
- ke kū ʻana o nā ʻokoʻa ʻike maka ma waena o nā wahine a me nā kāne.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka lele ʻana o kahi hua
Kāhea ʻia ka lele Drosophila ʻo ka lele hua no ka pili kūikawā i ka mea kanu a me nā ʻōpala hua. Maʻalahi loa e hoʻomaopopo i kēia pepeke.
Loaʻa iā ia kekahi ʻano o waho hiʻohiʻona:
- liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. He midge liʻiliʻi kēia. ʻO ka awelika ka lōʻihi o ka insect ma kahi o ʻelua millimeter. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā ʻeheu ma mua o ke kino. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine. ʻO ko lākou awelika lōʻihi he ʻelua a me ka hapalua millimeter;
- maka ʻālohilohi a koʻikoʻi hoʻi. He maka maka ʻulaʻula ʻo Drosophila. Loaʻa lākou i kahi helu nui o nā ʻāpana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana iā lākou me ka maka ʻōlohelohe he pilikia ia no ke kanaka. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo i kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia pepeke liʻiliʻi inā hoʻonui nui ʻia ia;
- kala ʻeleʻele-melemele o ke kino. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa iki ke kala o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa - e māmā a ʻeleʻele paha;
- hulu me nā wēlau kiko. Kūlike kēia hiʻohiʻona no nā lele kāne kāne;
- ʻōpū poepoe a i ʻole ʻokiʻoki. ʻO ka ʻōpū o ka cylindrical ka mea maʻamau no nā kāne, a ʻoi aku ka pōʻai - no nā wahine;
- ʻewalu i hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻia i ka wahine. ʻEono wale nō o nā kāne, no ka mea, ua hoʻopili pū ʻia ʻelua tergites;
- ke alo o nā papa chitinous ikaika. ʻOiai ko lākou liʻiliʻi, loaʻa i kēia mau mea kolo kahi chitinous kaha i loko o ke ʻano o nā pā. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pā wahine i nā wahine, a i ka kāne Drosophila ʻaʻole hoʻomohala ʻia ʻehā mau platinum.
ʻO ka helehelena o nā lele Drosophila e pili wale ana i ka kūlohelohe. Hiki ke loli ke kaukaʻi, ke kaiapuni a me ka papaʻai o ka holoholona. He mea kūpono nō hoʻi e hoʻomanaʻo he huakaʻi hele nui kēia mau mea kolo. Hele pinepine lākou mai kahi ʻāina a kahi ʻāina ʻē i nā hua a me nā lau. I kēia hihia, hiki i nā midges ke hoʻololi iki i ko lākou kala a me nā ʻano.
Ma hea e noho ai ka hua?
Kiʻi: lele ʻo Drosophila i Lūkia
No ke ola a me ka hana hou ʻana o ka lele Drosophila, pono kekahi mau ʻano. Pono kēia pepeke i kahi aniau mehana. ʻAʻole ia e noho i nā ʻāina me nā hoʻoilo anuanu a me nā kau anuanu. Pono kēia mau midges i ka mehana, no laila manaʻo lākou he hemolele i nā tropic a me nā subtropics. Pālahalaha nā lele Drosophila kahi e hāʻule ʻole ai ka mahana o ka lewa ma lalo o ʻelima kekelē Celsius i kēlā me kēia lā.
No ke ola ma waho, pono ka lele Drosophila i kahi ea ea me nā kekelē he ʻumikūmāono. Ma ke ana wela he ʻumikūmāwalu kekelē, hiki i kēia mea kolo ke noho ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina. Inā ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke ana mahana (ma luna o 25 kekelē), a laila hoʻemi ʻia ke ola o ke ola. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia aniau, hoʻohua wikiwiki nā hua waena midges. Eia kekahi, hoʻonui nui ka nui o ia mau holoholona i ka wela kiʻekiʻe. No kēia kumu, ʻo nā mokupuni tropical me ka ua pinepine ka nui o nā heluna nui o nā lele Drosophila.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Liʻiliʻi nā lele Drosophila akā paʻakikī loa. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā ʻano hanana paʻakikī. No kēia kumu, he mea waiwai lākou i kēia manawa a he mau mea waiwai nui no ka noiʻi olaola. Ua hele aku kēia mau holoholona i nā kikowaena mokulele a me nā moku.
Hoʻolahalaha kēia ʻano lele manu ʻokoʻa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Loaʻa ka lele Drosophila ma nā wahi āpau e ulu ai nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai, a hiki i nā wahi ʻē aʻe me nā huahana i lawe ʻia mai. Noho ʻo ia i nā helu he nui ma ka hema o Lūkia. Ma mua o ʻekolu haneli mau ʻano o ia mau nalo e noho ana i ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻĀina. Hiki ke kāpae ʻia nā ʻāina ʻākau wale nō mai ka nohona kūlohelohe, kahi e mau ai nā mahana haʻahaʻa ma loko o ka makahiki.
He aha ka ʻai a ka hua lele?
Kiʻi: Lele kāne Drosophila
ʻO nā lele hua, e like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia, he kamaʻāina mau i nā wahi kahi e waiho ai nā mea kanu a me nā hua. Aia lākou i ka nui i nā waihona ukana nui, nā hale kūʻai mea kanu, nā hale kūʻai, a me nā mākeke. A mai kēia mau wahi lākou e hoʻopau ai i nā hale noho, nā hale ʻaina a me nā hale noho. Loaʻa nā lele a Drosophila i kā lākou meaʻai i kēia mau wahi.
ʻO ka lele ʻana o ka vīnega, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu milimita ka lōʻihi, he makemake nui kona. ʻAi ia i ke kohu mea kanu, kanu ʻōpala, nā ʻāpana popopo o nā hua. I ke kahua o ka laros Drosophila, hoʻopau ʻia kekahi mau meaola like ʻole. ʻO ka papaʻai o nā lele hua makua e komo pū me: nā ʻaka, kaʻuala, nā ʻāpala, nā nati, nā cherry, nā hua waina, nā paukena, nā cereal, nā pūliki, nā mea mālama, nā huaʻai compotes, a me nā mea hou aku.
ʻAʻole lawelawe kēia mau huahana ma ke ʻano he meaʻai wale nō, akā ma ke ʻano he ʻāina hānau. I ke alo o kahi hoʻomehana kūpono kūpono a me ke ʻano o nā huahana fermentation, hoʻomaka nā lele Drosophila e hana nui. He paʻakikī loa e hana me ia mau ʻano ʻenekia, keu hoʻi i nā hale ukana nui, kahi e paʻakikī e loaʻa a hoʻopau i nā huaʻai a i ʻole nā mea ʻai i hōʻino ʻia. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā midges huhū ma ka home. Ua lawa ia e hoʻonele ai i kāna lako meaʻai. Pono ʻoe e loiloi mau i nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai, nā palaʻai, lawe i nā ʻōpala i kahi manawa kūpono a holoi pinepine i nā ipu no ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: lele ʻo Drosophila i ke kūlohelohe
Hoʻoweliweli nā lele hua, nā kolo fussy. He pōkole ko lākou ola, no laila wikiwiki kēia mau midges e haʻalele i nā keiki i ka wā hiki. Noho nā gnats waina i nā wahi a pau nā hua, nā mea kanu, ko lākou koena, ka waina, ka Jam a me nā huahana meaʻai ʻē aʻe. Hana ʻia ke ola holoʻokoʻa o kēia mau holoholona i nā keʻena, nā hale ponoʻī, i nā keʻena mālama waina, i nā waihona like ʻole a me nā hale kūʻai.
ʻIke nui ka lele hua i nā meaʻai hū. Inā ua ʻike ʻia kahi mea ma kahi, a laila i ka wā kokoke e pono mākou e manaʻo i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi hui holoʻokoʻa o nā midges huhū. Eia kekahi, ola nā lele lele me ka nānā ʻole i ke kau. Ma waho aʻe o ka vīnega, nā waikawa hua, nā huahana palaho, ua ʻumeʻume ʻia kēia mau mea kolo e ka wela kiʻekiʻe. Noho pinepine lākou i loko o nā ipu pua, i nā pua ma waho, a i kekahi mau mea ulu kāhiko. ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻike ʻia o nā midges ka hoʻoinu nui ʻana i nā mea kanu.
Mea hoihoi: Lawe mai ʻo Drosophila ʻaʻole wale ka pōʻino, akā ka pōmaikaʻi nui i ka poʻe. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou i nā ʻano haʻawina like ʻole. ʻO kahi laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hoʻohālikelike i kekahi mau maʻi kanaka. I ke ʻano o ia mau noiʻi ʻana, ma kahi o 61% o nā leka ma waena o nā maʻi a me nā code genetika o ka ʻenekia.
ʻO ka lepe o ka hana o nā hua e lele i nā kūlana kūlohelohe me kahi manawa ma kahi o iwakāluakūmāhā mau hola. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i nā gnats me kahi mana o ke ola - neʻe lākou, ʻai a hoʻomaha lākou i nā manawa ʻokoʻa loa. ʻAʻole noho lōʻihi nā Midges - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka iwakālua mau lā. Pili ko lākou ola i nā kumu he nui: ka wela o ka ambient, nā meaʻai, nā ʻano pepeke, pae haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻelala lele Drosophila
ʻO ka lele hua he mea kolo me kahi ola pōkole. Ma ka ʻumikūmāono kekelē ma luna o ka ʻole, ola nā ʻano holoholona he ʻumi wale nō lā. No kēia kumu, ulu wikiwiki ko lākou kino, hiki i nā lele hua wahine ke hoʻomoe i nā hua manu ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana - i ka lā ʻelua a ʻekolu paha. Momona loa nā mākeke wahine. Mālama lākou i ka hiki ke hana kope i ko lākou ola.
Hoʻomoe pololei ka wahine i nā hua ma nā huaʻai, nā lau, a me ko lākou koena. Liʻiliʻi loa nā hua. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ko lākou lōʻihi ma mua o 0.5 millimeter. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻano elongated. Hiki i kahi wahine Drosophila ke hoʻomoe i kanawalu hua i ka manawa. A i ke ola ʻana, hiki i ka helu o nā hua i kau ʻia e hoʻokahi kanaka ke hiki i kekahi mau haneli.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hoʻokahi wale ka male ʻana o nā wahine Drosophila me kahi kāne e hoʻomoe i nā hua i nā manawa he nui. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki i kēia kolo ke mālama i ka semen no ka hoʻohana hope.
ʻO ke kaʻina hoʻomohala a me ka ulu ʻana o nā larvae i kā lākou papaʻai. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, noho ka larvae ma luna o ka ʻōpū. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i kahi ʻano semi-wai me ka pohō ʻole a mahalo ʻia i nā keʻena lana lana kūikawā. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kekahi larva maʻa mau he ʻekolu a me ka hapalua millimeter. Keʻokeʻo ko lākou kino. I kekahi manawa ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, pupates nā larva, a ma hope o ʻehā mau lā puka mai kahi makua mai nā pupa.
Lele ʻo Drosophila i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka lele ʻana o kahi hua
ʻO nā lele Drosophila he mau pepelu liʻiliʻi loa i loaʻa nā wahi kikoʻī. No kēia kumu, ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻenemi kūlohelohe. I ka nohona kūlohelohe hiki i nā holoholona ke hoʻouka wale ʻia e nā spider, kekahi beetles predatory. Hiki i nā mea hōʻaiʻe ʻē aʻe, e like me nā manu, ke ʻahaʻaina i kā lākou larvae. Eia nō naʻe, kākaʻikahi loa kēia.
Hiki ke kapa ʻia nā mea kanu insectivorous ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe o Drosophila. ʻAi lākou i nā lele like ʻole a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā lele hua. I kēia hihia, lele kūʻokoʻa nā hua i ka makaʻu, lele pololei i ka ʻenemi. Huki ʻia lākou e ka ʻala kūikawā i hoʻoili ʻia e nā mea kanu insectivorous he nui. I kekahi manawa ulu pono ʻia nā mea kanu i loko o ka hale i mea e hemo koke ai i nā midges huhū. He nani a maʻalahi hoʻi e mālama i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia mau home.
Eia kekahi, ʻo nā kānaka ka ʻenemi nui o nā lele hua. Noho ʻo Midges i ka meaʻai, kokoke i nā kini ʻōpala, i nā ipu pua. Loaʻa lākou i nā mea he nui ma nā hale kūʻai mea kanu, nā waihona ukana a ma nā hale kūʻai nō hoʻi. Hoʻāʻo ka poʻe e kāpae i nā lele hua ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Hoʻohana lākou i nā sprays kūikawā, lawe i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe laulā, hana i nā pahele lele e like me nā papa ʻohana.
Mea hoihoi: ʻAʻole hōʻino nā lele lele hua makua. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole makaʻu ʻole kēia mau mea kolo. ʻO kā lākou larvae, i komo i ke kino me ka meaʻai, hiki ke hana i nā miasms ʻōpū.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: lele Drosophila
ʻO ka ʻohana lele hua kekahi o nā pepelika nui loa o ka honua. Ma mua o hoʻokahi kaukani mau ʻano nalo i ʻike ʻia e noho nei. ʻO ka lele ʻana o ka hua he ʻano laha loa. Loaʻa i kona wahi noho ka honua holoʻokoʻa, koe wale nō nā wahi kahi e haʻahaʻa ai ka mahana o ka ea i loko o ka makahiki. I kekahi mau panalāʻau, noho mau kēia holoholona, i kekahi - hele lōkahi ʻia me nā meaʻai i lawe ʻia mai.
ʻO ka lele hua kahi pepelika i pili ʻole ka heluna kanaka i kekahi hopohopo. Kūpaʻa ia a ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ka holoholona i ka make. Nui a hewahewa kēia mea kolo, hiki wawe ke hoʻonui a hiki ke hoʻololi a hiki i nā ʻano nohona paʻakikī. I hoʻokahi manawa, waiho ka wahine o ka lele hua i ʻoi aku ma mua o kanalima mau larva. Hoʻomau ʻo ia e hoʻonui a hiki i ka lā hope loa. I loko o kona wā pōkole, hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻomoe i mau hua he mau haneli.
He ola ola ko nā larvae Drosophila, hoʻomohala wikiwiki a lilo i kanaka makua. ʻAe kēia i kēia ʻano pepeke e mālama i kahi lehulehu. ʻOiai ʻo ka hōʻino ʻia o ke kūlana kaiaolaola āpau a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides like ʻole ma ka mahiʻai ʻaʻole ia i hoʻopilikia iki i nā ʻano waena.
ʻO nā lele hua kekahi o nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi a kaulana loa ma ka honua. Hoʻonui wikiwiki lākou i nā mea kanu pala a hua paha. Lawe ʻia i hoʻokahi mau lā wale nō no kahi ʻōpuʻu holoʻokoʻa o nā hua liʻiliʻi e hoʻohālua ʻia e hōʻike ʻia ma luna o kahi ʻāpala nahu. ʻOiai ka sabotage lele hua he pepeke hoihoi i kūpono e aʻo hou e pili ana.
Ka lā paʻi: 20.10.2019
Lā hou: 11.11.2019 ma 11:58
