Aeto kalaunu he manu nui loa, mana, hānai ʻia ma kahi o 80-90 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻōiwi i ka tropical tropical Africa ma ka hema o ka Sahara. Ma ka hema o ʻApelika, he kamaʻāina maʻamau ia i kahi nohona kūpono i nā ʻāina hikina. ʻO kēia wale nō ka lunamaka o ka genus o nā ʻaeto kalaunu e kū nei i kēia manawa. ʻO ka lua o ka lālani ka ʻaeto lei kalaunu Malaka, a ua lilo i make ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka poʻe e noho i Madagascar.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Kalaunu Lani
ʻO ka ʻaeto i kalaunu ʻia, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka ʻaeto kalaunu ʻApelika a i ʻole ʻo ka ʻaeto kōkoa kalaunu, he manu nui o nā manu ʻōiwi i hānau ʻia i ʻApelika. Ma muli o ko lākou like, ʻo ka ʻaeto i kau ʻia ka ʻaeto ʻoi loa o ko ʻApelika kūlike i ka ʻaeto Harpy (Harpia harpyja).
Ma muli o kona ʻano wiwo ʻole a makaʻāinana hoʻi, ua aʻo maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻaeto kalaunu ma ke ʻano he ʻaeto nui, noho ʻululāʻau. Ma muli o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka nohona adaptability, a hiki i kēia manawa i manaʻo ʻia e hana maikaʻi me nā kūlana o nā mea nui hilinaʻi i ka nahele. Eia naʻe, i kēia lā ua ʻae ʻia ka nui o ka heluna aeto e hoʻoliʻiliʻi me ka wikiwiki loa ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia, ma muli o ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā ululāʻau ʻApelika kūloko.
Video: Kalaunu ʻElima
Ua wehewehe mua ʻia kēia ʻano e Carl Linnaeus ma Systema Naturae a paʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 1766, e wehewehe ana ma ke ʻano he Falco coronatus. I ka hui ʻia ʻana o nā manu e nā ʻano o luna, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻo Linnaeus i nā ʻano pili pili ʻole i loko o ka genus Falco. ʻO ke kaulike ʻauhau maoli o ka aeto kalaunu ma muli o ka hulu ma luna o ka tarsus, ka mea maʻamau i nā mea pili ʻole.
ʻO ka ʻaeto i poni ʻia he ʻāpana ia o kahi hui like ʻole i manaʻo ʻia i kekahi manawa he ʻohana ʻokoʻa o nā ʻaeto. Hoʻopili kēia hui i nā aeto genus a me nā ʻano āpau i wehewehe ʻia ma ke ʻano he "ʻaeto ʻaeto," e like me ka genera Spizaetus a me Nisaetus.
ʻO nā genera monotypic like ʻole i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o kēia hui:
- Lophaetus;
- Polemaetus;
- Lophotriorchis;
- ʻIctinaetus.
I kēia lā ʻaʻohe ʻāpana ʻelima i ʻike ʻia ka aeto kauā. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻo Simon Thomsett i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻaeto aliʻi ma nā wahi nahele kaupalena ma East a me South Africa (kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo "eagles bush"), ʻo ia ka mōʻaukala ka poʻe nui i aʻo ʻia, a me nā mea e noho ana ma ke komohana nui. ʻO ka heluna kanaka hope loa, ua ʻike ʻo ia, ua liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi akā ua ʻano lahilahi ke ʻano o ka hale a ʻoi aku ka hohonu o ka maka ma mua o ka ʻaeto ʻino me ke ʻano maʻamau, ua hele a māhuahua nā aeto o ka waoakua, ua hoʻonui ʻia i nā hōʻike ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻano.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻaeto korona
ʻO ka aeto i pāpale ʻia, he poʻo hina hina me nā ʻulaʻula a me keʻokeʻo ma lalo. Ua kīnā nui ʻia kona ʻōpū a me kona umauma me ka ʻeleʻele. He ʻēheu pōkole, ākea a pōʻai kēia aeto no ka maneuverability i hoʻohui ʻia i ke kaiapuni. ʻO nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a me ka malu keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻeleʻele i waho o nā ʻēheu a me ka huelo nā mea āpau āna e hoʻohana ai i ka lele. ʻO ke kualapa nui (hoʻāla pinepine ʻia), hui ʻia me ka nui nui o kēia manu, e aneane hiki ʻole ke kuhihewa ke kanaka makua i kahi mamao kūpono.
Huikau pinepine nā ʻōpio me nā aeto hakakā ʻōpio, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka lele. ʻOkoʻa ka lālani lei aliʻi ʻōpio i kēia laha i ka loa o ka huelo oi ʻoi aku ka ʻoi, nā wāwae i ʻike ʻia, a me ke poʻo keʻokeʻo.
No ka hoʻomaʻa ʻana i ka nahele o ka nahele, he huelo lōʻihi a ākea a ākea a puni hoʻi nā ʻeheu ākea i ka ʻaeto korona. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o kēia mau mea ʻelua he wikiwiki loa ia, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu nui ke kumu o ka ʻaeto wale i ka ʻimi kime. Makaʻala loa a ʻāwīwī hoʻi nā mōneka, kahi mea e paʻakikī ai lākou e ʻimi holoholona, ʻoiai hoʻi i kahi hui. ʻĀlau pinepine ka ʻaeto aliʻi wahine a me ka wahine aliʻi kalaunu i nā pālua, ʻoiai e hoʻohuli kekahi aeto i nā mōneka, hana kekahi i ka make. Hiki i nā paws ikaika a me nā māiʻuʻu nui ke pepehi i kahi mōneka i hoʻokahi pā. He mea nui kēia no ka mea he paʻa nā lima i nā mōneka a hiki ke hōʻeha maʻalahi i ka maka o ka ʻaeto a me ka ʻēheu paha.
Mea hoihoi: manaʻo kekahi mau kānaka noiʻi i ka ʻaeto poni ʻia he holoholona akamai loa, akahele hoʻi a kūʻokoʻa hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nīnau ma mua o kāna ʻohana hawk.
Ikaika loa nā wāwae o ka ʻaeto i lei ʻia, a he nui a ikaika kona mau māiʻuʻu e hoʻohana ai e luku a hōʻoki i ka mea pio. He manu nui loa ka ʻaeto korona. ʻO 80-95 knm kona lōʻihi, 1.5-2.1 m kona ʻūheu, a ʻo 2.55-4.2 kg ke kaumaha o kona kino. E like me ka nui o nā manu lele, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wahine ma mua o ke kāne.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻaeto poni kalaunu?
Kiʻi: Crown Eagle i ʻApelika
Ma ka hikina oʻAfelika, hele aku ka laulā o ka aeto kalaunu mai ka hema o Uganda a me Kenya, nā wahi ululāʻau o Tanzania, hikina o Zambia, Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Swaziland a me ka hikina hikina o ʻApelika Hema a hiki i Knysna.
Hoʻonui ʻia kona pae i ke komohana a i kahi kokoke i Liberia, ʻoiai ʻo kāna hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kēia mau wahi ua māhelehele loa ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻike iki ʻia ka ʻaeto i nā palena o waho o kāna pae, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lehulehu ma waena o Zimbabwe a me Tanzania - kaupalena ʻia ia i nā mea ulu nunui a me nā ululāʻau i ka wā o ka hāʻawi ʻana.
Noho ka ʻaeto i lei ʻia i nā ululāʻau nui (i kekahi manawa ma nā mea kanu), i nā puʻu lāʻau ulu lāʻau, i nā ululāʻau ākea a i nā puka pōhaku ma kahi o kona kiʻekiʻe ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3 km ma luna o ka pae kai. Koho ʻo ia i kekahi manawa i nā māla sabana a me nā eucalyptus no kona wahi noho (ʻo ia hoʻi nā heluna hema). Ma muli o ka nele o kahi kūpono kūpono (ma muli o ka hopena o ka ululāʻau a me ka ʻoihana hana), noho mau ka noho o ka aeto kalaunu. Inā lawa ka nohona, hiki ke loaʻa ma kahi o nā kūlanakauhale, keu hoʻi ma nā mea kanu.
No laila, noho ka ʻaeto i lei ʻia ma nā wahi e like me:
- ʻAitiopa waena;
- Ukanada;
- na ululaau o Tanzania a me Kenya;
- Ululāʻau ʻApelika;
- Senekala;
- Kamapia;
- Sielaleone;
- Kameruna;
- Ululaau Guinea;
- Anagola.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka ʻaeto ʻaeto. E ʻike kāua i ka manu e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai o ka ʻaeto kalaunu?
Kiʻi: kalaunu kalaunu, a i ʻole ka lei ʻaeto
ʻO nā aeto kalaunu he holoholona kūpono ia, e like me nā leopadi. ʻO kā lākou papaʻai nā mammals, akā ʻo ka mea i makemake ʻia e loli ka loli ma muli o ka ʻāina. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo nā ʻaeto i kau ʻia ma ka ulu lāʻau ʻo ʻApelika Hema e hānai nui i nā antelope ʻōpio. Ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 22% o kā lākou mea pio nā antelope e kaupaona ana ma luna o 20 kg.
I ka ululāʻau o Tai National Park ma Côte dʻIvoire, ʻai nā ʻaeto i noho aliʻi ʻia me ka awelika o 5.67 kg. I ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo, 88% o ka papa ʻaeto o ka ʻaeto lei i hana ʻia i primate, e like me nā mōneka polū a me ka colobus ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula ka hao i makemake ʻia ma Ugandan Kibale National Park.
Aia kekahi mau hōʻike i hōʻoia ʻole ʻia e kau ʻia nā ʻaeto i poni ʻia i nā bonobos ʻōpio a me nā chimpanzees. ʻOiai ke kuhi hewa ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻaeto lei aliʻi ke lawe aku i kahi mea pio nui. Akā, haehae lākou i kā lākou meaʻai i nā ʻāpana nui a maʻalahi. Kākaʻikahi ke kaupaona o kekahi o kēia mau ʻāpana ma mua o ka ʻaeto. Ma hope o ka haki ʻana i ke kupapaʻu, lawe ka ʻaeto i ka pūnana, kahi e hiki ai ke ʻai i nā lā he nui. E like me nā leopadi, hiki i kahi ʻaina hoʻokahi ke mālama i kahi ʻaeto no ka manawa lōʻihi. No laila, ʻaʻole pono lākou e alualu i kēlā me kēia lā, akā hiki iā lākou ke kali ma ko lākou wahi e ʻai ai.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā ʻaeto kūloko i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻimi holo ʻole. Noho noho ʻole lākou ma luna o ka lālā lāʻau a hāʻule pololei i luna o kā lākou mea pio. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻaeto ʻē aʻe, peʻe lākou i ka pāpale aliʻi o kahi kumulāʻau, ʻaʻole ma luna o ia mea. He ala maʻalahi kēia na lākou e alualu i ka antelope. Hiki i kahi aeto ke kali ma kahi lālā no nā hola he nui, a laila i loko o ʻelua kekona wale nō ka mea e luku ai i kahi antelope. ʻO ia nō kā lākou kaʻina hana no ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana o nā holoholona o ka nahele e like me nāʻiole, mongoose, a me ka chevrotan wai.
I kekahi manawa nui a ʻeleu ka mea i hōʻino ʻia. No laila e hoʻohana ai nā ʻaeto i noho kalaunu ʻia i kahi hoʻouka holoholona hihi. Ma hope o ka hoʻokau ʻana i kahi ʻeha koko me ko lākou mau māiʻuʻu, hoʻohana nā ʻaeto i ka ʻala e alualu i kā lākou mau mea i hōʻino ʻia, i kekahi manawa no nā lā. Ke hoʻāʻo kahi mea ʻeha e mālama pū me kahi pūʻali koa a puaʻa paha, hoʻi hou ka ʻaeto e hoʻopau i ka make.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Manu ʻaeto ʻaeto
ʻAʻole e neʻe ka ʻaeto aliʻi kalaunu a noho ʻoi aku ka nui o ka noho ʻana, noho mau i kahi paʻa no ka hapa nui o kona ola. Aia kekahi hōʻike e neʻe aku nā manu i nā wahi kūpono ke kauoha ʻia nā hanana, e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kāne i nā wahi hānau kū kaʻawale. Kūlohelohe kēia neʻe ʻana a kūlike ʻole ia i ka neʻe manawa o kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe (e laʻa me ka ʻaeto ʻeleʻele).
ʻOiai he ʻano laha nui (ma muli o kona wahi noho), he leo nui ka aeto kalaunu a he lele nui ʻole ia o ka hōʻike. Hana kahi kāne i kahi hōʻike paʻakikī o ka piʻi a hina ʻana ma luna o ka ululāʻau i ka wā hānau a ma ʻō aku hoʻi ma ke ʻano he noi ʻāina. I loko o kēia, kani ka leo o ke kāne a hiki ke piʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o 900 m.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: ʻO ka leo o ka aeto i pāpale ʻia, kahi moʻo o nā kaha kiʻi ʻē e piʻi i luna a i lalo i kahi pā. Hiki i ka wahine ke hana i nā flight demonstration kūʻokoʻa, a ʻike ʻia pū kekahi nā kāne e hana pū i nā tandem hoihoi.
I ka wā o ka hānau ʻana, ʻike ʻia a nui a nui ka leo o nā ʻaeto i kau ʻia i ka wā e hana ai lākou i nā hiʻohiʻona ākea undoting ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 1 km. I loko o kēia manawa, hiki iā lākou ke walaʻau me ke kani nui kewi-kewi mai ke kāne kāne. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano maʻamau me ka hana hou kope, akā hiki ke lilo i hana o ka noho aupuni ʻana.
ʻO nā ʻaeto aliʻi, he ʻano makaʻu ia, makaʻala mau a hoʻomaha ʻole, akā ʻo kā lākou kaʻimi hopu holoholona he mea hoʻomanawanui a pili i nā wā lōʻihi o ke kali ʻana i ka mea pio. ʻAno wiwo ʻole nā ʻaeto kahiko ke kū ʻana me nā poʻe a pinepine, inā kānalua i ka mua, hopena ikaika loa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: ʻoiai kona mākaukau, wehewehe pinepine ʻia ka aeto kalaunu me he clumsy ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: kalaunu ʻaeto i kūlohelohe
ʻO ka ʻaeto i lei ʻia he monogamous, kahi mea hānai kū hoʻokahi e hānau wale i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻelua. ʻO ka wahine ka mea kūkulu nui o ka pūnana, kahi i hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mānoanoa o kahi lāʻau laumania kokoke i kahi awawa a i kekahi manawa paha ma ka lihi o nā māla. Hoʻohana hou ʻia ka pūnana ma luna o nā kau hānau.
ʻO ka pūnana o ka Eagle Crowned kahi ʻano nui o nā lāʻau e hoʻoponopono ana a hoʻonui ʻia me kēlā me kēia wā hānau, e hoʻonui ana i nā pūnana nui aʻe. Ke ulu nei kekahi mau pūnana i 2.3 mau mika ma waena, a hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea nui o nā aeto a pau.
Ma ʻApelika Hema, hoʻomoe ka ʻaeto aliʻi kalaunu i nā hua manu mai Kepakemapa a ʻOkakopa, ma Rhodesia mai Mei a ʻOkakopa, ma kahi o ʻOkakopa ma ka moku ʻo Kongo, ma kahi o Iune a Nowemapa i Kenya me kahi piko ma ʻAukake-ʻOkakopa, ma Uganda mai Kekemapa a Kekemapa. Iulai, a ma ʻApelika Komohana i ʻOkakopa.
ʻO ka ʻaeto aliʻi kalaunu e waiho mau i nā hua he 1 a 2 me kahi wā hoʻokomo o ma kahi o 50 mau lā, a ʻo ia ka wahine nāna ke kuleana nui no ka mālama ʻana i nā hua. Ma hope o ka hatching, hānai nā moa i ka wahine no 110 mau lā i ka meaʻai i hoʻolako ʻia e ke kāne. Ma hope o 60 mau lā, hoʻomaka ka wahine e ʻimi no ka meaʻai.
ʻAneʻane make ka pipi ʻōpio ma muli o ka hoʻokūkū meaʻai a i ʻole make ʻia e kahi moa ikaika. Ma hope o ka lele mua, aia ka ʻaetoeto i kona mau mākua no 9-11 mau mahina ʻē aʻe ke aʻo ʻo ia e ʻimi no iā ia iho. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka ʻaeto lei kalaunu e hānau wale ai i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻelua.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā ʻaeto lei
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻaeto korona
ʻO ka ʻaeto poni kahi ʻano laka. ʻAʻole ʻimi ʻia e nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe, akā hoʻoweliweli ʻia ia e ka luku ʻana i ka nohona. ʻO ka ʻaeto kalaunu he mea kū i ka manawa maoli o ka ʻaoʻao falcon. Aia ma kahi o 300 ka nui o nā moʻo ʻauhau. ʻO ka nui o ka nui e pono ana ka ʻaeto lei kalaunu i nā mea pio nui a me nā wahi nui kahi e hoʻokumu ai i nā wahi hānai a me nā wahi hānau.
ʻOiai makemake ʻo ia i nā wahi ākea a i ʻole nā wahi ulu lāʻau, alualu pinepine ʻia ʻo ia e nā mahiʻai i huhū i kāna hiki ke hoʻouka i nā holoholona kūloko. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli nui i ka ʻaeto lei kalaunu ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hana mahiʻai a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i kāna mau wahi noho maoli i nā hoʻohana ʻāina ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka savannah hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui loa o Cerrado, ka biome me ka nui o nā mea kikoʻī, kahi mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ka noho ʻana o ka ʻaeto ʻaeto.
Mālama ʻia nā wahi i mālama ʻia e Mose, ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻāina a me ka hoʻolālā hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ka mālama ʻana i nā mālama mālama ʻia ma ka ʻāina pilikino, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā wahi i pale ʻia mau i hiki ke lilo i koho pono. He mea nui nō hoʻi e kaohi i ka hoʻomāinoino a me ka pepehi kanaka ʻana ma ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka aʻo. ʻO ka mea hope loa, pono e hoʻomohala ʻia kahi papahana mālama no kēia laha ma mua o ka hoʻemi ʻia ʻana o kona mau lehulehu i ka nahelehele i nā pae koʻikoʻi.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: kalaunu ʻaeto
ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka ʻaeto i kau ʻia ma nā wahi kūpono, ʻoiai e emi ana kāna mau helu i ka hoʻopili pū ʻia me ka nāhelehele. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o nā wahi pale a me nā mālama kūlohelohe ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe o kāna pae, ʻoiai e hoʻopaʻa mau ʻia ana ma waho o kēia mau wahi. ʻOi aku paha ka nui o kāna helu ma mua o ka noiʻi o kēia manawa e hōʻike nei, ʻoiai ke hilinaʻi pinepine ʻia nei i ka helu o ka nāhelehele, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o kāna pae.
Ma muli o ka ululāʻau nui ʻana ma nā ʻāina ʻApelika, ua nui ka nalowale ʻana o kahi nohona kūpono no kēia ʻaeto, a ma nā wahi he nui ua māhelehele ʻia ka puʻunaue ʻana. He ʻano laha mau ia i nā wahi pale he nui, akā ke emi nei nā helu ma kona laulā.
E like me ka ʻaeto hakakā nui iki aʻe, ua alualu ʻia ka ʻaeto lei kalaunu i loko o ka mōʻaukala hou e nā mahiʻai i manaʻoʻiʻo he mea hoʻoweliweli ka manu i kā lākou holoholona. ʻAʻole i kau ʻia ka ʻaeto a me ka ʻaeto koa i ka hoʻouka kaua maʻamau ʻana i nā holoholona, a i kekahi mau hihia wale nō i hōʻeha ka poʻe pōloli i nā keiki bipi. He mea pono nō ia e hoʻomaopopo ʻia, ʻo nā ʻaeto i noho aliʻi ʻia, ka mea hoʻi, ʻaʻole haʻalele iki i ka nahele e ʻimi holoholona, a ʻo nā manawa a lākou e hele ai i waho o ka ululāʻau nui ma muli o ka hana a ka ʻāina a me ka ʻohana.
I ʻApelila 1996, ua kū ka ʻaeto ʻaeto mua o ka honua i ka hopu pio ʻia ma ka Zoo o San Diego. Mālama wale ʻia kēia ʻano i loko o ʻelima mau hale Zoological, e like me ka San Diego, San Francisco Zoo, Los Angeles Zoo, Fort Worth Zoo a me Lowry Park Zoo.
Manaʻo pinepine ʻia ka ʻaeto i kau ʻia ka mana o nā aeto ʻApelika. Aeto kalaunu hōʻole i ka manaʻo. ʻAʻohe mea noho ʻē aʻe ma ʻApelika i ʻoi aku ka mahalo ma mua o kēia manu nui o nā mea pio. Me ke kaupaona o 2.5-4.5 kg, pepehi pinepine ʻo ia i ka mea pio ma mua ona.Hiki i kēia mau mea ʻimi ʻimi nani ke ʻimi i nā antelope i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻehiku manawa ko lākou kaumaha ponoʻī.
Ka lā paʻi: 13.10.2019
Lā hou: 08/30/2019 ma 21:07
