Bat - he holoholona uʻi a ʻano ʻē me ka inoa hoʻoweliweli. ʻO kēia nā lunamaka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa me ka ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula huluhulu mānoanoa, i hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka home. ʻAʻohe mea hōʻino loa a makemake lākou e noho kokoke i nā wahi noho kanaka.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Bat
ʻO nā ʻōpeʻe he genus holoʻokoʻa ia o ka ʻohana ʻōpeʻapeʻa ihu ʻoluʻolu (i kapa ʻia hoʻi he opeapea ʻili). ʻO ka genus o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa he ʻelima mau ʻano.
Hoʻokaʻawale iki kekahi i kekahi mai morphologically.
- ʻōpeʻapeʻa nahele;
- ʻōpeʻapeʻa dwarf;
- ʻōpeʻapeʻa liʻiliʻi;
- peʻa hikina;
- ʻŌpeʻapeʻa Mediterranean.
ʻO ka evolution evolution, nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa nā mammals, ʻoiai i ka nānā mua hiki ke maʻalahi ʻia i nā manu. ʻAi maoli nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me nā opeapea ʻē aʻe i ka waiū o ka makuahine. ʻO kā lākou mau ʻeheu kahi pūnaewele ʻili hikiwawe i hohola ʻia ma waena o nā manamana wāwae elongated. Mahalo i kēlā mau ʻeheu, hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke lele lele lele.
Video: Bat
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka echolocation kahi ʻano o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa - ka hiki me nā holoholona ke loaʻa i ka meaʻai i ka pouli pitch. Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, praceace wale nō ka prone i ka eircocation. ʻO nā peʻapeʻa kekahi o nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi loa i loaʻa i nā archeological. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou i ala aʻe ma hope o ka Eocene, ua noho koke i kahi niche i ke kaulahao meaʻai, a aneane ʻaʻole i loli i ka wā kahiko.
Ua lilo nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa ʻē aʻe i nā kānaka ʻimi holoholona pono, e hoʻohana pono ana i nā kumuwaiwai i loaʻa ʻole i nā mea ʻimi ʻimi makuahine ʻē aʻe. No laila, loaʻa i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa ka hoʻokūkū iki no ka meaʻai, a ma muli o ko lākou nohona i ka pō ʻaʻole lākou makaʻu i ka hoʻoweliweli i nā mea ʻino.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa
Loaʻa i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa kahi ihu i pālahalaha ʻia a me nā pepeiao pokole. ʻO ka hope o ko lākou ihu e like me ka pā, i kūlou iki i mua. He hāiki nā ʻēheu, elongated, kuhikuhi i nā wēlau. ʻOkoʻa iki ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa i kekahi i kekahi i ka nui a me nā nuances i ke kala a me ke ʻano o nā ʻeheu.
ʻO ka ʻōpeʻape o ka nahele he ʻahuʻula ʻulaʻula paʻakikī me ka ʻōpū māmā. ʻOi aku ka nui o kona mau pepeiao ma mua o nā ʻano o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e lilo ana i mea hahai holoholona maikaʻi i ka nahele. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino i 48 cm, a ʻo ka ʻēheu he 23-25 cm.
ʻO ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa ka mea koho liʻiliʻi loa o ka gen bat. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o ia mau mea he 44 mm, kahi kokoke i kahi moʻolelo i waena o nā mea momona. I ka manawa like, he peʻapeʻa o nā peʻapeʻa dwarf a hiki i 22 knm, i hiki ai i kēia mau holoholona ke hana maʻalahi, paʻakikī a wikiwiki hoʻi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hoʻokomo kahi ʻōpeʻa dwarf makua i loko o kahi pahu hoʻokūkū, a komo kahi cub i loko o kahi thimble.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka peʻa pygmy - a i 45 mm. ʻOkoʻa ia i ke kala o ka papalina, ʻoi aku ka māmā a ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo, ʻokoʻa i ke kala ʻulaʻula o ka peʻa pygmy. ʻO ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa hikina ke ʻano māmā loa o ka genus i ke kala.
ʻAʻohe ona nui nui - a i 49 mm wale nō., I ka lōʻihi, me ka ʻēheu o 23 knm. He ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ka ʻāpana o ke Kai Waihona, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me ka ʻili lahilahi a me kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo e kikoo ana mai ka huelo a i ka membrane ʻēheu.
Ma ka laulaha, ʻo nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa kekahi o nā lunamakaʻaka liʻiliʻi loa o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa. ʻOiai ko lākou inoa "weliweli", i hui pū ʻia e nā poʻe he nui me kahi mea mystical, ʻaʻole hana nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i kahi manaʻo kupaianaha. He maka liʻiliʻi, poepoe ko lākou, ʻokoʻa nā pepeiao poepoe, a me nā puka ihu liʻiliʻi ʻole i hōʻike ʻole ʻia. Pau nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i puni i nā kino i uhi ʻia me ka hulu.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka iole ʻōpeʻapeʻa. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa?
Kiʻi: Bat Bat
Ua heleleʻi ka wahi o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa mai ka latitude mahana o Eurasia i Australia a me ʻApelika Hema.
ʻIke ʻia nā ʻano ʻōpeʻapeʻa he nui ma nā wahi aʻe:
- Urals;
- Māhele Trans-Volga;
- ʻO Caucasus;
- Kokoke Hikina.
Makemake nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa he nui e noho ma kahi o ka poʻe, e koho ana i nā wahi i hana ʻia e ke kanaka. ʻO kahi laʻana, makemake nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa dwarf e hoʻolako i nā hale ma lalo o nā kaupaku o nā hale, i loko o nā lua, a i ʻole ma nā ana a i ʻole nā kumulāʻau kokoke i nā kauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale.
Koho ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa he nui i nā ʻāina nahele a mauna paha no ko lākou wahi noho mau. Noho lākou i nā lua o nā kumulāʻau a i nā lei kalaunu paha, kahi e kau ai i luna i luna o nā lālā. Noho maʻa ka peʻa a koho mau i ka wahi like me kahi puʻuhonua, inā ʻaʻole lākou e kipaku ʻia mai laila.
Makemake nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa o ke Kaiwaenahonua e noho ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe - a ʻelua a me ka hapalua kilomita ma luna o ka ʻilikai. ʻOiai ʻo nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa nunui e noho i nā hale o ke kanaka, ʻo ia ke kumu a lākou e hoʻonāukiuki ai i kekahi poʻe i kekahi manawa.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa ma hope o nā pā i loko o nā hale, i nā paia leaky, i nā hale haʻalele lāʻau, i nā kahawai o nā hale pōhaku, i nā puka o ka hana brick. Hōʻalo nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i nā wahi anuanu, ʻoiai hiki ke loaʻa nā laha nui ma Siberia Hikina. Hiki i kekahi ʻano ʻōpeʻapeʻa ke neʻe pōkole i ke kau anuanu.
He aha ka ʻai a ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa?
Kiʻi: Bat ma Rūsia
He peʻa kolo nā ʻōpeʻe, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e hāpai i ka hoʻoweliweli i nā kānaka. ʻAi kēia holoholona i nā mea kolo, hopu lākou a ʻai pono i ka lele. No ka ʻimi holoholona, koho nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i nā wahi ma luna o nā wai o ka wai, kahi he nui nā kolo, a me nā kihi hāmama i nā ululāʻau a i ʻole nā mahi mahiʻai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻIke nā peʻa he nui nā mea kolo kokoke i nā ipukukui i nā wahi noho i ke ahiahi, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pinepine i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa e ʻimi ana ma kahi pono o nā kumu kukui.
ʻImi wale nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i ka pō. Lele wikiwiki, hoʻokuʻu lākou i nā kani me ke alapine o 40-50 kHz, i hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻoholo koke i kahi o ka huhui insect. Lele koke kahi pūʻulu ʻōpeʻapeʻa i ka mea pio a hopu koke i nā mea i hōʻino ʻia i ka lele, ma mua o ka manawa e hoʻopuehu ai. Nui ʻino nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa. Hiki i kekahi kanaka ke kaupaona iā 40 gram ke hiki ke ʻai i 30 mau gram o ka meaʻai.
ʻO kā lākou papaʻai maʻamau nā:
- namu a lele;
- ʻalekiki;
- butterflies, pulelehua;
- lōlō hihi;
- nā larvae o nā mea kolo manu nūhou.
Mālama pū ʻia nā ʻōpeʻe ma ka home, ʻoiai nā meaʻai moʻo a me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā hui hānai insect e kūpono iā lākou. Hiki i nā ʻōpeʻa ke ʻai nui, no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻike kēia mau holoholona i ke ana o ka meaʻai, no laila aia kahi makaʻu nui o ka hānai ʻana i ka holoholona.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻōpeʻapeʻa i ke kūlohelohe
Noho nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi, hui pū wale no ka wā hānau. Ma ka laulā, pili nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i nā ʻohana pili - pili aloha kēia mau holoholona a pono ke kaiāulu mau a puni lākou. Also ʻimi ʻōpeʻapeʻa. Hoʻonohonoho lākou i nā hale i nā kumulāʻau, i nā ana o nā pōhaku, nā ana a me nā hale o ke kanaka. ʻAʻole hoʻolako ʻia kahi ʻohana ʻōpeʻapeʻa i nā pūnana, akā pili wale me kāna mau wāwae i kekahi mau ʻūlili a me nā ʻāpana ʻoʻoleʻa, e kau ana i luna i lalo.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻōpeʻa ke hele pololei, a ma nā ʻaoʻao papaholo kolo lākou no ka loaʻa ʻole o nā wāwae mua - hoʻemi ʻia lākou i mau ʻeheu. Ma ka laulā, hilahila nā holoholona. Lele lākou i ka lewa i kahi kokoke iki o kahi kanaka, hiki ʻole ke hoʻouka i ka pane. ʻO kā lākou ala pakele ke holo, kahi e hilinaʻi ai nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa wale i nā ʻeheu ikaika.
I ke ao, noho nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i loko o ko lākou mau keʻena pouli a hiamoe - makaʻu ka maka i ka lā, a ma muli o ko lākou kala a me nā mīkini lele ʻike nui ʻia, ʻike nui ʻia lākou i nā mea ʻino No laila, hāʻule ka manawa o ka hana i ka pō - a laila hoʻopuehu nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hiki i nā ʻōpeʻa ke hāʻule i kahi ʻano hibernation - torpor, kahi e hoʻomau ai ka noʻonoʻo o ka holoholona, akā lohi ka metabolism i loko o kona kino.
Nānā lākou i ka meaʻai e hoʻohana ana i ka echolocation. Hana nā peʻapeʻa i nā leo alapine haʻahaʻa e lele i luna a hoʻi i nā mea like ʻole. No laila i ka pōʻeleʻele, hiki i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa ke loaʻa maʻalahi nā pūʻulu o nā kolo, a ʻike pū kekahi i nā mea ʻino a me nā mea weliweli paha.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻiole peʻapeʻa
Hoʻomaka ka wā hānau, ma ke ʻano he rula, i ka wā hoʻoilo. Inā ʻaʻole hibernate ke ʻano ʻōpeʻapeʻa i ka wā hoʻoilo, akā alakaʻi i kahi nohona nomadic, akā loaʻa ka moena i kēia manawa. Hoʻohui ʻia nā wahine i nā ʻohana hipa nui - a i hoʻokahi tausani mau kānaka. Pili paʻa lākou i nā ʻāpana o nā pōhaku a me nā ana, e ʻumeʻume mau ana i nā kāne me ka ʻū.
Koho ka wahine i kekahi o nā kāne i lele, a ma hope o ka hiki koke ʻana o ka moena ʻana, a ma hope o ka pili ʻole o ka wahine a me ke kāne. Mālama nā kāne no ka wā hānau i nā hui liʻiliʻi a lele ʻokoʻa paha mai ke koena.
Noho ka hapai ma kahi o 60 mau lā. ʻO ka maʻamau, hānau ka wahine i ʻelua mau keiki, akā aia hoʻokahi a ʻekolu paha. No hoʻokahi mahina a hapa paha, hānai ʻo ia iā lākou me ka waiū - i kēia mau manawa āpau, pili nā keiki i nā waihona o ke ana a i ʻole ka lāʻau lāʻau me nā ʻūhā paʻa, ke kali hoʻomanawanui nei no ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka makuahine mai ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana.
Inā hāʻule kahi cub, ʻoi aku paha ka hina ma ka honua. Make pū nā keiki i ola i ka hāʻule, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke lele. Ma ka laulā, hemo pinepine nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa mai ka honua - pono lākou e pahu aku i kahi puʻu. No laila, he ʻōpeʻa e pau i ka honua e hoʻopau ʻia e make.
Hiki i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa ke ola a 16 mau makahiki, akā i ka nahelehele ʻaʻole paʻakikī lākou e ola a 5 mau makahiki. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohua, a hiki i ka makahiki o 11 mau mahina. Ma hope o ka ʻōpala mua, hiki i nā wahine ke hoʻohua mau, hoʻopau wale i hoʻokahi lactation a hāpai hou.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa
Ma muli o ko lākou nohona pō, loaʻa i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. ʻO ka mea mua, he pueo, aeto pueo a me nā pueo, kahi like o ka laulā hopu holoholona a me ka manawa like o ka hana. He ʻano lawaiʻa like kā Owls - hopu lākou i ka mea pio ma ka lele.
Hiki i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa ke huai i kahi o nā mea hōkai e hoʻohana ana i ka echolocation, a laila e hele a puni ia. Akā hoʻouka pinepine nā pueo mai kahi kiʻekiʻe, a lele nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa kokoke i ka ʻili o ka honua, e hopu ana i nā mea kolo. ʻAʻole hoʻouna nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i ka echolocation i luna, kahi mea e maʻalahi ai lākou i nā pueo.
Luu ka pueo mai luna a lālau i ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa, haki koke i kona iwi ʻāʻī. He mamao loa kēia mai kahi punahele o nā pueo, no laila hoʻouka wale lākou i nā opeapea inā pono loa. ʻAʻole hana ka iwi a me ka ʻili o ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa iā ia i mea ʻai momona no nā mea ʻai.
Hiki i nā Ferrets, martens, weasels a me nā mea ʻili ʻāina ʻē aʻe ke ʻimi i nā opeapea. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻohi ʻoluʻolu lākou i nā keiki hāʻule a me nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i pae i luna o kahi ākea. Pēlā nō, hiki i kēia mau mea ʻaihue ke lele i waho o ka uhi - mauʻu, mauʻu, mai hope o nā pōhaku, ke ʻimi haʻahaʻa nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i ka honua.
ʻAʻohe kumu o ka pale ʻana iā iho. Kūpono wale kā lākou mau niho no ka nahu ʻana ma o ka chitin lahilahi o nā kolo, a ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa a hiki ke hoʻolele i ka poʻe hoʻouka kaua.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Bat
ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa e pili ana i ka mahele o nā holoholona laha ʻole, ʻaʻole kū ka peʻa i kēlā hopena. Kākoʻo nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i nā heluna lehulehu i hōʻole iki iki ma muli o ka hopena anthropogenic.
I loko o nā makahiki he 10 i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokō ʻia nā hana hoʻomalu manu, e pili pū ana me ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka haumia o nā ululāʻau, no ka mea ua hoʻonui iki ka heluna o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ua helu ʻia ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa nahele ma ka puke Red ma Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Nizhny Novgorod, St. Petersburg a me kekahi mau wahi o Ukraine.
Loaʻa kēia i nā kumu aʻe:
- haumia ea o ke kaiapuni i kēia mau ʻāina. Pili ia i ka ʻoihana a me ka ulu ʻana o ka mahiʻai;
- ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka nohona maoli o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa ma muli o ka nāhelehele ʻana;
- ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa me nā holoholona a me nā mea ʻino o ka ʻeleka (ʻo kahi laʻana, nā ʻiole, kahi, e like me nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, hiki ke noho i nā hale a ma nā wahi noho ʻē aʻe).
Bat - he holoholona maʻamau ka liʻiliʻi ma ka liʻiliʻi. Mālama nā mea aloha i nā holoholona exotic iā lākou i ka home, akā ke koi nei nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i nā kūlana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a pono pū lākou i kahi ala kūikawā i makaʻu ʻole nā holoholona a nahu i ka mea nona. Akā ma ka laulā, he mau holoholona aloha a hilahila hoʻi kēia i noho lōʻihi me nā kānaka.
Lā o ka paʻi ʻia: Kepakemapa 16, 2019
Lā hou: 25.09.2019 ma 13:50
