Lio wahine He pepelu nui e nahu iā ʻoe i ka wā hiki ke hiki. ʻO lākou he 1.3 a 2.5 cm ka lōʻihi, triangular a me carnivorous. Ke nahu lākou, lawe lākou i kahi ʻiʻo a hoʻokomo i ka lāʻau make. E ʻeha nō ka wahi a puni ka ʻāhiu lio ma kahi o ʻelima mau lā. ʻO nā lio lio kekahi mea nui nā maʻi o nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi turukū leukositosan.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Horsefly
He lunamakaʻāinana ʻo Horsefly no ka ʻohana manu lio o nā ʻelala (ka ʻaoʻao Diptera), a i ʻole, he lunamakaʻāinana o ka lāhui lio. ʻO kēia nā nalo piha, ka nui o kahi hale ʻānō a i ʻole ka nui o kahi bumblebee, i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa he mau moʻo poʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ko lākou mau maka metala a i ʻole iridescent ʻike ʻia i ka dorsally i ke kāne a kaʻawale i ka wahine.
Ua like ko lākou waha me ko ka minita ʻano pōkole. ʻO nā inoa ʻē aʻe no ka ʻelima he ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me ka pepeiao lele. ʻO kekahi o nā lāhui maʻamau (Tabanus lineola) he mau maka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻike ʻia ʻo ke poʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka genus o ka lacewing, ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo ka lele ʻo ka dia, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi iki ma mua o nā birdflies a he mau kaha ʻeleʻele ma kona mau ʻeheu.
ʻO nā nahu ʻeha o nā lehulehu he nui o kēia mau nalo e hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hana ʻana o ka waiū i ka pipi a me nā bipi kauō a hoʻopilikia i ka hānai ʻana a nā bipi a me nā lio, ʻoiai e ʻōwili pū nā holoholona i hoʻouka ʻia. Hiki i nā holoholona ke ʻeha ʻoiai e heʻe ana mai kēia mau nalo. I kēia hihia, hiki ke lilo i ke koko he mea nui loa.
Video: ʻO Horsefly
ʻO kēia mau lele nunui a ikaika hoʻi he ikaika a dexterous, e hoʻopuni a ʻimi ana paha i kā lākou pahuhopu me ka wikiwiki hoʻohaʻahaʻa e lawe i nā pricks ʻeha ma ka ʻili a hānai i ke koko. Noho wale nā nalo me ka mea hoʻokipa no kekahi mau minuke, a laila haʻalele lākou a hiki i ka wā e pono ai lākou e ʻai hou, i kēlā me kēia lā he 3-4 mau lā.
ʻAʻole maʻamau ka maʻi ʻino o nā nūhou lio, akā hiki ke hōʻailona ʻia e nā hōʻailona hou aʻe:
- ʻeha a palupalu hoʻi;
- dyspnea;
- Pehu iki ka ʻili, e like me ka maka o ka maka a me nā lehelehe
Kākaʻikahi nā mea ʻāpiki ʻoi aku ka nui akā wikiwiki.
Kāhea i kahi kaʻa kaʻahua no nā hōʻailona o ka anaphylaxis, i hoʻopili ʻia:
- pehu, ʻume, a ʻāwīwī paha;
- e pehu paha ka maka, nā lehelehe, nā lima a me nā wāwae;
- ʻo ka pehu o ka ʻāʻī a me ke alelo nā hōʻailona weliweli;
- nausea, luaʻi, a i ʻole ka palahī;
- pilikia i ka ale ʻana a me ka hanu ʻana.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻīlio lio
He lele hina ʻeleʻele ʻo Horsefly me nā ʻēheu kelehe hina-ʻeleʻele a me nā helehelena ʻeleʻele, onionio, a me nā iridescent. ʻEleʻele, lele lauoho, paʻa ikaika nā lele o nā mākua, ma kahi o 1.7 cm ka lōʻihi, e like me nā pi meli i ka helehelena, koe wale nō he ʻelua mau ʻeheu o lākou. Aia nā wahi puhi ʻāwaliwali ma nā ʻeheu o ka manu lio.
ʻO 0.6 a 1.27 cm ka lōʻihi o ka ulu ʻana o nā larvae a ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ʻulaʻula mānoanoa ka ʻili. Pākuʻi ʻia lākou ma kekahi (hope) a me ka lepe i ka hopena ʻē aʻe (mua), kahi o nā ʻāpana o nā waha waha ikaika e like me ka lou. Hoʻopuni ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ke kino e nā ʻōiwi ikaika. He ʻelima mau ʻāpana o ka antennae o nā lio lio a mānoanoa ma ke kumu, a lahilahi me kēlā me kēia ʻāpana. Lōʻihi a lahilahi kēia mau antena. ʻO ka ʻēheu ʻo Horsefly heʻeleʻele a maopopo loa.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO ke ala maʻalahi e ʻike i kahi ʻīlio lio e nānā i ka nui holoʻokoʻa. Mālama nui ka pepeke i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā nalo nahu ʻē aʻe. I nā kāne, nui ka maka e hoʻopā i ka lei o ke poʻo.
ʻAʻole ka hilinaʻi ʻia nā birdflies āpau i ka wai, akā nui nā ʻano i kau i kā lākou mau hua i nā mea kanu e ulu kokoke ana i nā loko wai, nā kahawai, a me nā kahawai. ʻO ka larva o kekahi ʻano laha i loko o ka wai, ʻo kahi poʻe e noho ana i ka lepo momona. ʻAi nā kānaka āpau i nā invertebrates ʻē aʻe a hiki i ka wā e mākaukau ai lākou e pupate a lilo i poʻe mākua. ʻO ke kumu o kēia e hālāwai aku paha ʻoe me nā mākua a puni nā kino o ka wai. ʻO nā mahiʻai he wahi wela ia no kēia mau lele no ka mea ua hoihoi lākou i nā holoholona a me nā lio.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ka mea e hana ana inā e nahu kahi lele lio. E nānā ma hea kahi e loaʻa ai kēia pepeke.
Ma hea e noho ai ka manu lio?
Kiʻi: ʻeneto ʻo Horsefly
Noho ʻo Horseflies i loko o nā ululāʻau. ʻAi pinepine nā ʻano laha i ke ao a ʻike nui ʻia i nā lā mālie, wela, lā. ʻIke ʻia lākou ma nā kaona a me nā kauhale kokoke i nā kino wai e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he wahi hānau a kahi i nui ai nā mea hoʻokipa mammalian.
Hoʻomohala ka Larvae i ka gastrointestinal tract o nā holoholona hoʻokipa i ka hoʻoilo. I ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo a me nā mahina mua o ka ulu, ʻike ʻia nā larvae makua i nā feces o ka mea hoʻokipa. Mai laila, burrow lākou i loko o ka lepo a hana i kahi puparium mai ka ʻili o ko lākou pae hope (instar) larva. Hoʻonui lākou i nā lele mākua i loko o ka puparium a kū aʻe ma hope o 3-10 mau pule.
ʻEleu nā mākua mai ka waena o ke kauwela a i ke kauwela. Hoʻopili nā wahine wahine i nā hua ma ka lauoho lio, ma ka lauoho ma nā wāwae mua, a ma ka ʻōpū, nā poʻohiwi a me nā wāwae hope. Hatch nā hua ma hope o 10-140 mau lā me ka hoʻonāukiuki kūpono (kaū, ka wela a me ka hakakā) i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka lio e palu ana a e nahu ana paha i ka lauoho i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka hua manu.
Hoʻokomo ka larva pae liʻiliʻi (instar) i ka waha a burrow i ka alelo no 28 mau lā ma mua o ka molt a neʻe i ka ʻōpū, kahi e noho ai no 9-10 mau mahina, e ulu ana i ke kolu o ka pae ma hope o 5 mau pule. Hoʻokahi hanauna o nā pua lio e ulu i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
He aha ka ʻai a nā manu lio?
Kiʻi: Lio wahine nui
ʻAi pinepine nā lio lio makua i ka nectar, akā pono nā wahine i ke koko ma mua o ka hiki ke hana pono me ka maikaʻi. ʻO nā nahu o nā wahine lio, ʻoi aku ka nui, hiki ke ʻeha loa no ka mea hoʻohana ʻia ko lākou waha e haehae a laka, ʻokoʻa ka makika, ka mea e hou wale i ka ʻili a omo i ke koko. Ua serrated lākou, e like me nā niho i ʻokiʻoki i ka ʻili hāmama, a laila hoʻokuʻu i kahi anticoagulant e hoʻōki i ke kō ʻana o ke koko ʻoiai lākou e leʻaleʻa nei i kā lākou meaʻai.
Mea hoihoi: Pono nā wahine Horseflies i ka 0.5 ml o ke koko no ka hānau hou ʻana, kahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ko lākou nui. Hiki iā lākou ke huki e pili ana i 200 mg o ke koko i loko o kekahi mau minuke.
Hiki i nā nahu Horsefly ke hoʻomohala i nā puʻupuʻu nui, ʻulaʻula, aniani, pehu i loko o nā minuke. Hōʻike kekahi poʻe i ka manaʻo wela, nāwaliwali, a me ka nausea. No ka hapanui, ʻaʻohe mea hōʻeha loa lākou, akā pilikia loa. I nā kūlana kūikawā, pilikia paha kekahi poʻe i ka hopena maʻi me nā ʻōuli e like me ka lī ʻana, ka hū ʻana, ka hanu ʻana i ka hanu, ka ʻeha o ka ʻili āpau, a me ka huehue nui e ʻike ʻia ma nā lehelehe a me nā alelo.
ʻO nā makapō nā mea hānai intermittent. ʻO kā lākou mau nahu ʻeha e hoʻoulu ai i kahi pane mai ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, no laila ua koi ʻia ka lele e neʻe i kahi hoʻokipa ʻē aʻe. No laila, hiki iā lākou ke lawe i ka mīkini o kekahi mau holoholona a me nā maʻi kanaka. Ke hoʻomau mau nei nā wahine Horsefly a hoʻomau i ka nahu i ka mea hoʻokipa a hiki i ka wā e kūleʻa ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o kā lākou pāʻina koko a make paha. ʻIke pū ʻia ke alualu nei lākou i kā lākou mau pahuhopu i manaʻo ʻia no nā wā pōkole. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano he hāpai i nā meaola maʻi, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā maʻi lele i pili wale ʻia me nā holoholona.
Ke kū i waho, e ʻaʻahu i nā lole ʻahuʻula a me nā mea ʻino o nā mea kolo e pale i ka nahu ʻana o nā lio. Inā lākou e komo i nā hanana, hoʻopau ke ala ʻoi loa o ka hana ʻana, me ka nānā ʻana i nā puka a me nā puka aniani.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Lio wahine bipi
He wikiwiki nā lio lio makua, hiki i nā pailaka ikaika ke lele ma mua o 48 km, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pālahalaha nui lākou. ʻO ka pinepine pinepine lākou e hoʻouka i nā mea neʻe a me nā mea pouli. Noho pinepine nā lio i nā ala a me nā alanui, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā wahi ululāʻau, kahi e kali nei nā mea nona lākou. Makemake nā lele i ka mālamalama a i kekahi manawa ʻākoakoa i nā puka aniani. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o nā Horseflies i ka wā wela a me ka lā me nā makani māmā, e like me ke ao i ke kau waena. Hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mau mea ʻino ke hele pū ka hekili me ke anilā wela.
He diurnal nā lio, ʻo ia hoʻi ke hana nei i ka lā. Makemake lākou e hānai i ke koko o nā holoholona e like me nā bipi a me nā lio. Hiki ke pilikia kēia ma muli o ka lawe ʻana o nā birdflies i nā pathogens e hiki ai ke hōʻeha i nā maʻi ma kekahi ʻano holoholona, i hiki ke alakaʻi ʻia i nā poho waiwai kūpono. A eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe pilikia o nā manu lio ke ʻahaʻaina lākou i ka lehulehu a i ʻole nā holoholona hānai, inā hāʻawi ʻia ka manawa kūpono.
Mea hoihoi: E like me nā mea kolo ʻānai koko e like me nā makika, hoʻohana nā lio wahine wahine i nā hōʻailona kemika a me nā ʻike e ʻike i kā lākou mea hoʻokipa. Hāʻawi ʻia ka carbon dioxide e nā holoholona mehana koko me kahi hōʻailona mamao loa e huki ai i nā lele ma kahi mamao aku, ʻoiai nā ʻōuli ʻike e like me ka neʻe ʻana, ka nui, ke ʻano, a me ke kala ʻeleʻele e hoʻohihi ai i nā gadflies ma kahi mamao aku.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Lio wahine nui
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā Horseflies i kahi metamorphosis piha, kahi e komo ai i loko o 4 mau hanana ola piha. ʻO kēia ka hua manu, larva, pupa, a me nā pae mākua. Hoʻomoe nā wahine wahine i nā ʻāpana he 25 a 1000 i luna o nā mea kanu i kū ma luna o ka wai a i ʻole nā wahi pulu. Hāʻule nā larvae i hatch mai kēia mau hua i ka honua a hānai i nā meaola popopo a i ʻole nā meaola liʻiliʻi i ka lepo a i ʻole ka wai.
Hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻenela ʻo Horsefly i ka lepo ma nā kapa o nā loko wai a i ʻole nā kahawai kahawai, nā ʻāina wai a i ʻole nā wahi kai. He wai kekahi o lākou a ulu kekahi i kahi lepo maloʻo. ʻO ka pae larval ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi a ʻekolu mau makahiki, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka laha. E kolo ana nā larvae makua i nā wahi maloʻo e pupate ai ka wā e puka mai nā mākua. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pae pupil hilinaʻi i ka laha a me ka mahana, akā hiki ke ʻokoʻa mai 6 a 12 mau lā.
He paʻakikī a aneane hiki ʻole paha ke loaʻa a hoʻopau i ka wahi hānau no nā ʻīlio lio. Hāpai lākou i nā wahi wai kaiaola, a hopohopo ka hopena o ka hoʻokahe ʻana a i ʻole nā insecticides i nā meaola i ʻole pahuhopu a i ʻole nā lako wai. Hoʻohui, ʻo kēia mau mea kolo he flier ikaika ia e hiki ke neʻe mai kahi mamao. Hiki ke laulā ka nui a i ʻole kahi mamao mai kahi e loaʻa ai ka pilikia.
ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, he pilikia sporadic nā birdflies i kekahi mau manawa o ka makahiki. Hiki i kekahi mau hoʻololi i ka lawena a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana o repellents ke ʻae no ka leʻaleʻa o waho.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā nūlei lio
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻīlio lio
Me nā mea kolo lele ʻē aʻe he nui, he kumuʻai nā kumu lio kekahi no nā holoholona ʻē aʻe he kiʻekiʻe aʻe i ke kaulahao meaʻai. Kōkua lākou i ke kākoʻo i nā laha ʻē aʻe e like me ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me nā manu, ʻoiai e ʻai nā ʻōpala i nā iʻa iʻa i ka iʻa.
Nā manu e ʻai i nā nūhou:
- ʻo nā cardinal poʻo poʻo ʻeleʻele nā songbirds me nā nuku nui, nāpeʻapeʻa, a me nā nuku mānoanoa. Pili ko lākou kala i ka moekolohe o ka manu: he kino ʻalani ke kāne kāne ahi me ke poʻo ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻeheu ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo, ʻoiai he ʻeleʻele nā kāne a me nā wahine ʻōpio me kahi ʻalani i ka umauma. Alualu lākou i nā ʻano mea kolo, e like me nā lele lio a me nā ʻenuhe. Hiki ke loaʻa ka nui o nā cardinals poʻo poʻo ʻeleʻele i ke komohana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā mānoanoa a me nā kahele nahele, a ʻo nā pā hale a me nā māla;
- ʻO nā manu liʻiliʻi i waena o nā manu nui loa ma ʻAkau ʻAmelika a hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā hipa. ʻIke ʻia inā aia nā mea kolo i ka māla, e komo pū ana me nā birdflies, a laila hiki i nā sparrows ke lilo i mea hoʻopilikia i kou home inā nui loa. Kūkulu lākou i ko lākou pūnana i loko o nā paia o ka hale, e luku ana i ka nahele. Hiki i kā lākou feces ke hoʻoweliweli i ke olakino. ʻOiai ʻo kēia, hiki iā lākou ke hele i kahi ala lōʻihi e hōʻemi ai i ka lehulehu o nā lio o nā hale a puni;
- hānai nui ʻo nā ale i nā mea kolo, a me ka palaoa, nā hua a me nā huaʻai, a noho kokoke i nā mahina ʻai a me nā wahi me ka nui o nā wahi lele a me kahi lako maoli o ka wai. He manu lele lākou e lele wikiwiki ana i ke kala mai a brown brown a keʻokeʻo a noho i ka hapa nui o ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO nā mea lele lele e like me nā nū lio ka mea ʻai nui no nā ale.
- ʻO nā Warblers nā manu insectivorous e ʻai i nā ʻōpuʻu spruce a me nā pua lio. Piʻi pinepine ko lākou heluna kanaka i ka nui o ka heluna kānaka o nā kolo ʻai a lākou. Aia ma kahi o 50 mau ʻano warblers. He mau manu mele liʻiliʻi lākou me nā keʻokeʻo o lalo, nā kua ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me nā laina keʻokeʻo ma luna o ko lākou mau maka. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo uliuli nā warbler ʻōpio me kahi laina pale pale o nā maka a me nā ʻāpana lenalena melemele.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Horsefly
Ulu ka heluna lio i ka wā huehue. ʻO ka mea nui i ka wā mahana, mahana a mālie hoʻi, lilo lākou i ahulau maoli no nā lio a me nā mea nona lākou. Aia ma kahi o 8,000 ʻano manu lele ʻokoʻa i ka honua e pili ana kekahi i kekahi. Hoʻohana wau i nā ʻano hana like ʻole o ka paio ʻana i nā birdflies.
Minamina, aia kekahi mau ʻano hana e kāohi ai i nā pua lio a hoʻēmi i kā lākou nahu. Hiki ke hoʻēmi ʻia ka makaʻu o ka nahu ʻia ʻana, akā ʻaʻohe ʻano i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa e hoʻopau loa iā ia. E like me nā ʻano ʻino ʻino ʻino ʻino aʻe, nā hana pale i nā lālani pale mua i nā pale lio ma ka home. Hiki i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hale ke pale i nā birdflies mai ka infesting, no ka mea e ulu ana kā lākou larvae i ka pala. Ke hoʻouka nei i nā pale ma nā puka a me nā puka aniani hiki ke pale aku hoʻi i nā lele mai ke komo ʻana i nā lumi a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka hale.
Aia nā ʻupena lio, akā ʻokoʻa ka hopena o kā lākou hopena. ʻO nā pahele nā ʻāpana pouli nui e neʻe ana i mua a i mua hoʻi, kāpīpī pinepine ʻia me kekahi ʻano musk holoholona a i ʻole ala ʻoluʻolu like. Aia kēia sphere ma lalo o kahi bākeke a i ʻole ipu like e piha ana i kahi lele lele lele - nā lio e ʻumeʻume i ka sphere e lele i luna a pae pono i ke kāʻei. Hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻokahe ʻana i kahi wai kū a puni ka waiwai e hōʻemi i ka makaʻu o ka lele lio.
Inā ua ʻike ʻoe i kahi lele lele lio i kou home, e kōkua iki nā mea pale. ʻO nā ʻano kūlohelohe no ka kaohi ʻana i nā maʻi o nā lio e komo pū me ka pepa lele a me nā pā. Ke hopohopo nei nā makapō no ka uahi, no laila hiki i nā ihoiho kuni ke hoʻowalewale iā lākou e haʻalele i ka hale a lākou e noho ai. Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike kēia mau ana i ka pono palena palena i ka maikaʻi loa i ka hemo ʻana i nā maʻi o nā lio. Hiki i nā polokalamu pesticide ke kūleʻa kūpono i ka kaohi ʻana i nā lāhui o nā lio.
Lio wahine he nalo nunui. ʻOiai inu nui nā kāne makua i ka wai nectar a me nā wai kanu, koi nā lio wahine wahine i ka protein e hana i nā hua. ʻO ke koko kahi kumu o kēia protein, a hiki i nā birdflies ke kiʻi iā ia mai nā lio, nā bipi, nā hipa, nā lāpaki a me nā kānaka pū kekahi. ʻIke koke ka nahu o kahi wahine wahine lio, e hana ana i kahi puʻupuʻu ʻulaʻula.
Lā paʻi: 09/10/2019
Lā hou: 09/25/2019 ma 13:54
