Ternetia - kahi iʻa i ʻike ʻia e nā poʻe makemake i ka aquarium he nui, ʻoiai ʻike pinepine ʻia ia ma lalo o kahi inoa ʻokoʻa - ʻeleʻele tetra. Kaulana ia ma ke ʻano he holoholona hānai ma muli o ka unpretentiousness pili, kū i ke ʻano a me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā kala. Hoʻohui ʻia, hui maikaʻi ia i loko o kahi aquarium me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. He koho maikaʻi loa kēia a pau no ka poʻe e hoʻomaka nei me ka iʻa iʻa.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Ternetia
Ua kū mai nā mea like me ka iʻa mua loa ma mua loa: ma kahi o 530 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻAʻole lākou iʻa i kēia manawa, akā i waena o nā holoholona jawless e like me haikouichtis nā kūpuna o ka iʻa.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka iʻa ponoʻī ma kahi o 430 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻOiai ua make nā ʻano i noho i nā moana kahiko a ʻano like me nā mea hou o kēia wā, ua ʻike ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka hiʻohiʻona i kēlā mau manawa, a ʻo kēlā mau ʻano kūpuna o ka poʻe e noho nei i ka honua i kēia manawa.
Video: Ternetia
ʻO ka ulu mua ʻana o ka iʻa i hōʻea ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka niho-ʻohā, hoʻonui nui ʻia nā lāhui like ʻole mai ka wā Silurian, a ua kū i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka make ʻana o Permian. A laila nalowale ka hapa nui o nā laha, a ʻo ke koena i hāpai i kahi ulu hou o nā ʻano like ʻole i ka wā Mesozoic.
ʻO ia ka manawa i kū aʻe kahi kaʻawale o ka haracinous, i hoʻopili ʻia me nā kākalaioa. ʻO ka iʻa make loa e pili ana i ke kauoha Santanichthys ʻo 115 miliona mau makahiki. A hiki i ka hopena o ka Cretaceous, ua kū mai kekahi mau ʻano characinous ʻē aʻe, akā ua pau i ka make.
ʻO ka hapa nui i hana i kēia i ka pau ʻana o Cretaceous-Paleogene. Akā ua koe kekahi mau ʻano, mai kahi i ulu ai nā mea o kēia au, a ʻo nā kākalaioa hoʻi. ʻO nā fossil mua loa i loaʻa i nā lunamakaʻā o ke ʻano kakalaioa a hiki i ka hopena o Miocene, ma kahi o 9-11 miliona mau makahiki, a ua hana ʻia lākou ma Central America.
ʻO A. Bulenger ka wehewehe o nā laha i ka 1895, ka inoa ma ka Lākina ʻo Gymnocorymbus ternetzi. Ma ke ʻano he iʻa aquarium, hoʻomaka ʻia nā kākalaioa e mālama ʻia i mau makahiki i hala.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ke kākalaioa
Liʻiliʻi nā kākalaioa: 3.5-5 cm, akā ma nā kūlana o ka aquarium ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka awelika. Pālahalaha a ākea ko lākou kino. ʻO silila nā kākalaioa maʻamau, me ʻekolu mau kaha ʻeleʻele i nā ʻaoʻao. ʻOkoʻa iki nā wahine a me nā kāne: ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne a me ka ʻōlinolino, ʻoi aku ka kiko o ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi.
Līlī nā kīpiʻi, koe wale no nā wili anal nui, ʻo ia ka mea e hāʻawi i ke kakalaioa, hoʻomaikaʻi iā ia ua lilo ia i mea maʻamau me he iʻa aquarium. ʻIke ʻia kahi peʻa adipose liʻiliʻi i mua o ka huelo - he ʻano o ka iʻa no ka ʻohana haracin.
Loaʻa kēia ʻano iʻa i ke ʻano, akā ua hānai ʻia nā ʻano kala ʻē aʻe no nā aquarium, a ʻo nā mea ʻokoʻa loa: ʻulaʻula, uliuli, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻalani, lilac - ʻālohilohi loa nā kala. Ke ulu a makua, lilo ka iʻa i ka paler, ʻo ka mea kū ʻole i ke kala.
Nā ʻāpana laikini maʻamau:
- pale - he mau wili nunui nunui;
- gula - pena ʻia i ka hue gula, me ka ʻole o nā kaha;
- Hoʻololi ʻia ka genetically - ʻālohilohi loa, i lalo o ke kukui ultraviolet.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau iʻa ʻaneʻane ʻino ʻole, piranhas puni koko ko lākou mau hoahānau pili, pili lākou i ke ʻano like o nā characiniforms, e like me ka hōʻike ma ka like o waho i waena o kēia mau iʻa.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ka mālama ʻana i ka iʻa ʻooi. E ʻike kākou ma hea lākou e ʻike ai i ko lākou nohona kūlohelohe.
Ma hea e noho ai ke kākalaioa?
Kiʻi: iʻa Thornsia
I ke kūlohelohe, hiki ke loaʻa kēia iʻa ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma Brazil a me Paraguay.
Noho ia i nā kīʻaha o nā ʻāpana nui o Amazon, e like me:
- Rio Negro;
- Guaporé;
- Parana;
- ʻO Madeira;
- Paraiba do Sul.
No nā kākalaioa, nā kahawai o ka muliwai wikiwiki ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui i ka nāhelehele, ʻoi aku ka makemake. ʻAʻole ia he kumu e ola wale ka iʻa i nā kahawai nui: noho pū ia i nā kahawai liʻiliʻi, a ʻo nā kahawai hoʻi - ʻo ka mea nui ʻaʻole wikiwiki lākou.
He palupalu ka wai i loko o nā wai kahe o ka wai kahe, a ʻoi aku, ʻakika ia - a ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā kākalaioa i kēia. Makemake pū lākou i nā ʻāina malumalu, a hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa maʻa iā lākou i loko o kahi waihona wai i kēlā mau wahi e pili kokoke ana i nā kumulāʻau, i ko lākou malu. Makemake lākou i nā kahawai me ka wai ʻeleʻele ma mua o ka wai aniani.
ʻAʻau maʻamau lākou i ka papa luna o ka wai, kahi maʻalahi e ʻike i kā lākou meaʻai makemake. Hiki iā lākou keʻauʻau i kēlā me kēia papa i loko o ka aquarium, a ke mālama ʻia lākou, i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka ʻoluʻolu o ka iʻa, ʻo ka mea nui he nui nā mea kanu ma laila, a aia kekahi wahi no ka ʻauʻau manuahi ʻana ma ka waena.
Ua hōʻea ka iʻa i ʻEulopa i nā makahiki 1930 a ua hoʻolaha koke ʻia i waena o nā mea nona nā aquarium. Ua kōkua ʻia kēia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua ʻae maʻalahi ke kākalaioa i ka pio a hoʻonui ʻia i nā aquarium.
He aha ka ʻai a ke kākalaioa?
Kiʻi: kakalaioa wahine
I ke kūlohelohe, ke kumu o ka meaʻai no kēia iʻa:
- nā mea kolo;
- kā lākou larvae.
- ilo:
- crustaceans liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka maʻa mau nā waihona i noho ai ke kākalaioa i loko o kēia ʻano meaʻai. Eia kekahi, he unpretentious kēia iʻa a ʻaʻole pīhoihoi e pili ana i ka meaʻai: hiki iā ia ke ʻai i nā mea ola liʻiliʻi āpau e hiki iā ia ke hopu. ʻO ka meaʻai o nā holoholona i predominates i kāna papa kuhikuhi, a pono e hānai ʻia e like me ka aquarium.
Hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā meaʻai ola a paʻahau hoʻi, e ʻoliʻoli ka iʻa i ka daphnia, iʻa iʻa, nā ʻiʻo koko. Makemake ʻo ia e lawe i ka meaʻai ma ka lihi loa o ka wai a i ʻole ma ka papa waena, no ka wahi o ka waha mai ka papa i hāpai ʻole ia. Inā hāʻawi nui ʻoe i ka meaʻai i ka manawa hoʻokahi, hiki i ka iʻa ke ʻai nui, a ʻo ka nui mau o ka maʻamau e alakaʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua lilo lākou i kaona nui.
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i kēia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻawi ʻana iā lākou i kēlā ʻano meaʻai e palemo a lalo i ka lalo, ʻoiai e hana ana. A laila e ʻai ka iʻa i nā mea āpau a ʻaʻole e paʻa ka lalo. ʻAʻole pono ke kākalaioa, akā pono e hoʻomanaʻo pono ʻoe e hānai iā ia i ke kaulike, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ka lā like ma hope o kēlā me kēia lā.
Pono e hoʻopili i nā meaʻai maloʻo me nā mea ola, pono e hoʻokomo i kekahi mau mea o ke kumu i loko o ka papaʻai. Inā ʻai nui ke kākalaioa, hoʻomaka ia e ʻeha pinepine, e hānau hou ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a hiki i nā maʻi metabolic o ka iʻa ke hiki.
He kūpono nā hui kāhua kūʻai ʻia mai nā hale kūʻai no nā ʻano tropical. E pono ke koho ʻana i ka meaʻai i nā kala maoli - e ʻai ana iā lākou, hoʻi ke kākalaioa i kona ʻōlinolino ma mua. Fry a ʻo ka poʻe wale nō i hoʻohuli ʻia i kahi aquarium hou e pono ai i nā huaora.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Kākala kāne
I ka holoholona lōhiu, makemake nā kākalaioa i nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā kahawai, noho i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o 10-20 mau kānaka, ʻoiai e hana ikaika nei, e ʻimi mau nei, e makaʻu ana i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a hoʻouka paha kekahi i kekahi.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ʻaʻole kū kēlā mau hoʻouka me ka ʻeha koʻikoʻi, noho mau nā mea kūʻē ʻelua i ka ʻeke a haʻalele i ka hakakā; akā naʻe, i kekahi manawa no kekahi manawa. Mai nā mea ʻaihue, lana nā kākalaioa i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa, a ma hope e ʻākoakoa hou lākou i ka wā e piha a kū hoʻi i ka huli holoholona.
I loko o kahi aquarium, pili ka ʻano o ka iʻa i kona nui. Inā ākea ia, a laila lana pinepine ke kākalaioa i ka papa waena a hoʻolilo i ka hapa nui o ka manawa i ka wai manuahi. Inā kiki ka aquarium, ʻano ʻokoʻa kā lākou hana: peʻe lākou i ka hapanui o nā mea kanu, a hele wale e ʻai.
No nā kākalaioa, koi ʻia kahi aquarium o 60 liters ma ka liʻiliʻi, pono e loaʻa ka lepo a me nā mea kanu. E lawa kēia leo no nā kānaka he ʻumi. Pono ʻia e hoʻomālamalama maikaʻi ka aquarium a me ka mahana o ka wai i loko o 20 ° C. Pono e hoʻokō i ka hoʻololi wai i kēlā me kēia lā ʻelua, 30-40% o kāna nui āpau e pono e hoʻohou i kēlā me kēia pule.
Me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, pili maikaʻi ke kākalaioa, ʻoiai ka hilinaʻi ʻia i kā lākou laha. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e mālama pū ʻia me nā haracin, nā platies, nā guppi. Aloha ʻole i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi a i uhi ʻia. Pono ke kākalaioa ma ka liʻiliʻi he 3-4, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o 7-10, inā ʻoe e waiho i hoʻokahi iʻa o kēia ʻano i loko o ka aquarium, e hōʻike ia i ka huhū i kāna mau hoalauna.
Pili ka mea like i nā ʻohana hipa liʻiliʻi loa. Me kahi helu maʻamau, ʻo ka maka o ka iʻa ka hapanui e noho ʻia e nā hoa ʻohana, noho lākou i ka hapa nui o ka manawa me kekahi, a ʻoiai inā kū nā hakakā ma waena o lākou, ʻaʻole lākou e hana ʻino. I loko o ia ʻāpana, e pīhoihoi ka iʻa a leʻaleʻa ka maka.
Pono ke one i ka aquarium i ke one a i ʻole nā ʻiliʻili maikaʻi - e like me kona ʻano maoli. Hiki ke kau ʻia i kekahi mau lāʻau driftwood liʻiliʻi ma lalo. ʻO ke ala ʻoi loa e hoʻomālamalama i ka mālam e ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu e lana ana i luna o ka wai - e hana kēia i kahi ʻano e like me ka noho ʻana o ka iʻa i ke kūlohelohe.
Makemake nui ʻia e hoʻonui i ka wai me ka oxygen, he mea pono nō hoʻi e hoʻohana i kekahi o nā mea hoʻopili i hana i ka hopena o ka "wai ʻeleʻele". Inā ʻoe e hana i nā mea āpau i luna, e manaʻo ʻia ke kākalaioa ma ka home i ka aquarium, ʻoiai ʻo ka iʻa he unpretentious, no laila hiki nō i nā koho kuʻikahi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Pono e uhi ʻia ʻo Aquarium me nā kākalaioa i hiki iā lākou ke lele kiʻekiʻe loa i lele paha lākou i waho.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Nā kākalaioa kala
ʻOiai heʻuʻuku nā pua o ke kākalaioa, hana ʻia kahi hierarchy i loko o lākou, ʻaʻole ʻike pinepine nā hakakā kahi e ʻike ai nā kāne ʻoi aku ka ikaika a e hoʻolohe mua i nā wahine. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā iʻa i nā ʻeha koʻikoʻi i loko o ia mau hakakā, no laila hiki ke nānā ʻole ʻia. I loko o kahi aquarium, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kā lākou hāpai ʻana i ka pālua, ʻoiai hiki i ka wā hānau o ke kula i kekahi manawa. No ka ʻōnaehana, hoʻohana ʻia kahi aquarium kūikawā, i hoʻolālā ʻia no 30-35 liters. He wai mehana kona: 25-26 ° C, 4 dH ka paakiki, a he 7.0 pH ka acidity.
Ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, pono ka hoʻomākaukau: noho ka kāne a me ka wahine a mālama ʻokoʻa ʻia no hoʻokahi pule, e hāʻawi ana iā lākou i ka protein protein kiʻekiʻe. I ka mua, kau ʻia ke kāne kāne wale nō i loko o ka wahi e ʻai ai, a ma hope wale o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau hola e hoʻohui ʻia kahi wahine iā ia. Pono ka aquarium i ka malu, a i ka hoʻomaka o ka lā aʻe, pono e hoʻomālamalama. Ma ka lalo o ka pahu e hoʻomoana ai, kau ʻia kahi ʻāpana nylon me nā keena ākea i lawa no nā hua e hele ma waena o lākou, akā hāiki hoʻi no ka iʻa ponoʻī ke kiʻi aku iā ia. ʻAʻole hana pinepine ka ʻōnaehana ʻana i ka lā like, i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hoʻomaka ia no kekahi mau lā. I mea e wikiwiki ai i ka hoʻomaka o ia ʻano hihia, hānai ʻia nā iʻa me nā ʻokoke.
Hoʻokumu kekahi wahine mai 500 a i 2000 mau hua i kekahi mau ʻanuʻu, mau ka hana no nā hola. A pau ia, ʻaʻole pili ka iʻa i ka caviar, akā ma hope o ka hopena e hoʻāʻo paha lākou e ʻai. No laila, ke pau ka huki ʻana, kanu koke lākou. I loko o ka ʻōpuna, pono e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pae o ka wai i 10-12 knm. Mai ka hānau ʻana i ke ʻano o nā ʻūlū, hala hoʻokahi lā a me ka hapalua, ma ka mua e kau wale ana nā ʻenela i nā mea kanu a i ʻole ke aniani. Hoʻolālā wikiwiki lākou, ua lawa nā lā he 4-5 no lākou e hoʻolapalapa ai, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻomaka e ʻauʻau manuahi.
A laila hiki ke hānai ʻia lākou. Hāʻawi ʻia lākou i nā ciliate, nauplii ʻōpala brine a me nā meaʻai kūikawā. I ka mua, pono e liʻiliʻi ka meaʻai, a hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, pono e hoʻonui ʻia nā ʻāpana, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hānai iā ia iho. Hiki i ka ʻai ke ʻai kekahi i kekahi. I mea e pale ʻole ai i kēia, pono e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou i ka nui a waiho iā lākou i nā aquarium. Ua hele a moekolohe nā iʻa ma hope o ka hala ʻana no ʻeono mahina, i kekahi manawa e 9-10 mau mahina wale nō. Hiki iā lākou ke hana hou a hiki i ka makahiki 2-2.5, ola 3.5-5 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ke kākalaioa
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ke kākalaioa
ʻO nā ʻenemi i ke kūlohelohe i ke kākalaioa ka mea maʻamau no nā iʻa liʻiliʻi: he iʻa predatory nui kēia a me kahi manu. ʻOiai no ka hapa nui, noho ke kakalaioa i loko o nā kino wai liʻiliʻi, kahi maʻa ʻole ka iʻa nui, akā naʻe naʻe hiki i kekahi manawa ke kipa wale aku no ka mea ʻai. I kēlā mau ʻano, heʻe wale ke kakalaioa.
Akā ʻo ke koena o ka manawa ʻo lākou nō lākou e huli pinepine i nā mea hōkai nui, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe o nā kahawai liʻiliʻi i kahi e noho ai lākou. I nā hihia pēlā, ua lilo nā manu i mau ʻenemi nui, no ka mea, ʻaʻole paʻakikī iā lākou ke kiʻi i kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi mai kahi muliwai pāpaʻu, a ʻaʻole ia e hana na lākou e peʻe mai nā mea ʻili hulu.
Hiki i nā ʻaukā nui a me nā felines ke kū i kahi makaʻu iā ia, a i kekahi manawa hiki ke hoʻāʻo e hopu iʻa, no ka mea, mālama pinepine ke kākalaioa i ka wai pāpaʻu kokoke i kahakai.
ʻAʻole pilikia nui ka poʻe iā lākou: hānai maikaʻi ʻia nā kākalaioa i nā aquarium, a no laila ʻaʻole kokoke e hopu ʻia nā mea hou, ʻoiai ʻo kēia mau iʻa he maʻalahi. Noho lākou i nā wahi i hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia i loko o nā ululāʻau nui o ka Amazon, no laila ʻaʻohe hopena o ka hana a ke kanaka iā lākou.
ʻAno liʻiliʻi lākou i nā maʻi, a ʻo kēia kekahi me kā lākou mālama ʻana i ka aquarium. Eia nō naʻe, hiki nō nā pilikia: hiki iā lākou ke maʻi me ka maʻi fungal, e ʻōlelo ai i kahi pā keʻokeʻo ma ke kino. Inā kū mai kahi maʻi, pono e hemo a mālama ʻia ka iʻa maʻi, a e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka aquarium.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO Photo o Green Thornsia
ʻO ka wahi o ke kākalaioa i waiho mau ʻia e aneane loli ʻole mai ka manawa o kā lākou ʻike ʻia; ua hoʻonui iki ʻia ia ma muli o ka hoʻolauna ʻia ʻana o kēia iʻa e nā kānaka i loko o nā waihona wai kokoke i kona mau wahi noho. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā hōʻailona hoʻoweliweli, ke ʻano i loko o nā kahawai kahi e noho ai kēia ʻano, a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole i hōʻino ʻia mai ka hana a ke kanaka, no laila ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i ke kākalaioa.
ʻAʻohe kikoʻī kikoʻī ma kā lākou helu nui, ʻaʻohe helu ʻana i hana ʻia. Eia naʻe, ke nānā aku nei ke waiho nei ia ma ka pae like, a i ʻole ulu. ʻOiai ʻaʻole nui ka nui o nā kākalaioa, a noho lākou ma ka ʻāina hoʻokahi wale nō, ʻo nā panalāʻau a lākou e noho nui ai.
I loko o nā kīʻaha o nā kahawai nui o ka Amazon a me ka muliwai ʻo Paraguay, ʻo kēia iʻa kekahi o nā mea i hoʻolaha nui ʻia, a hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ma nā wahi āpau. Ma waena o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, hiki i kēia laha ke lilo i mea nui a hoʻoneʻe i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe mai nā panalāʻau maikaʻi loa. Hoʻonui koke lākou, no laila e kaʻana like nā holoholona, hele kekahi e ʻimi i kahi kahawai ʻē aʻe.
Mea hoihoi: He mea pono e mālama iā lākou i ka pouli, no ka mea, ʻaʻole lākou e mae ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka maʻamau. Pili kēia i nā kākalaioa ʻelua o ke kala kūlohelohe - mai nā mea pouli a lilo i hina ākea hou i ka mālamalama, a me nā mea ʻōlinolino - e mae koke lākou. Pau ko lākou kala a ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi, no ka laʻana, halihali a i ʻole transplantation, i kēia hihia, hiki i kona ʻōlinolino ke ola i ka manawa.
Ternetia - Kahi koho pinepine no nā aquarium, no ka mea, hoʻohui kēia iʻa i ka nani a me ke kūpaʻa, no laila maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana, a hiki ke hoʻomaka palekana ʻia e nā ʻoihana aquarium ʻike ʻole. Hoʻohui pū, hui maikaʻi ʻo ia me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama iā ia i kahi aquarium maʻamau - akā pono ʻoe e hoʻomaka i kahi ʻohana holoʻokoʻa a hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ākea.
Lā paʻi: 09/04/2019
Lā hou: 11.11.2019 ma 12:13
