Khrushch kamaʻāina i nā mea he nui ʻaʻole wale ma kahi nāhelehele nui, kahi hoihoi loa ke nānā aku, akā me he mea hōʻino hoʻomāinoino o nā māla a me nā māla. Ua loaʻa i ka beetle kona inoa ma muli o ke kumu o ka hapa nui o kāna hana i hāʻule i ka mahina o Mei. ʻOiai ʻo kāna mediocrity, hoihoi loa ia i kāna ʻano a me kona ʻano.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Khrushch
Nui aʻe ka Khrushchev - ulu ʻo 18-38 mm i ka lōʻihi. He ākea ke kino o ka nalo, elongated-oval a convex, ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele i ke kala. ʻO ke kino o ka nalo he poʻo, umauma, ʻōpū a uhi ʻia me kahi pūpū chitinous ikaika. Ma ka huli, ua mahele ʻia ka umauma o ka nalo i ʻekolu ʻāpana, a ʻo ka ʻōpū i ʻewalu.
Pale aku nā ʻeheu membrane translucent e elytra ʻoʻoleʻa, i hiki ke pae i ke kala mai ka brownish brown i ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole brownish. Heʻuʻuku ke poʻo o ka nalo, ʻoi aku ka laulā ma mua o ka lōʻihi, pālahalaha loa, o kahi kala ʻeleʻele i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka elytra.
Video: Khrushch
Uhi ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka nalo me nā huluhulu o ka lōʻihi like ʻole, ke kala a me ka momona. Hiki i ka lau nahele ke kūpilikiʻi a paʻakikī e ʻike i ke kala nui o ka nalo ma lalo. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā lauoho lōʻihi loa a ʻoʻoleʻa hoʻi i nā kaha longitudinal liʻiliʻi ma ke poʻo o ka nalo. Ma ka elytra, hiki ke ʻike maʻalahi nā lauoho lōʻihi hoʻokahi, a ma ka umauma - pōkole, akā nā lau nahele nunui.
Ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū o ka nalo he mau puka liʻiliʻi - spiracles. Ma o lākou e komo ai ka ea i loko o nā ʻōpū hanu o ka nalo a lawe ʻia i loko o kona kino.
ʻIke hoihoi: ʻO ka waiwai pohihihi a pīhoihoi hoʻi o nā pi ʻo ko lākou hiki ke lele, ʻoiai e like me nā kānāwai o nā aerodynamics, ʻaʻole pono lākou e lele.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o Khrushch?
ʻEkolu mau paʻa o ka lālā o ka nalo i lauoho haʻi ʻia i ka huluhulu nui loa. ʻO ka wāwae mua o nā wāwae beetle mai ka umauma mua, ʻo ka lua o ka meso-thorax, a ʻo ke kolu o ka pā o ka metathorax. ʻEkolu mau niho ʻoi loa e ʻike akāka ʻia ma nā wāwae lalo o nā forelimbs.
Kūpilikiʻi nā maka o ka nalo, kūlike i ke ʻano, e ʻae iā ʻoe e nānā i ka honua a puni ʻoe mai kahi kihi ākea. ʻO nā antennae o ka nalo he ʻumikūmālua mau ʻāpana (ʻeiwa mau pōkole a hoʻokahi lōʻihi) a pono e ʻaʻala. Antennal flagella ʻano like me ka peahi, a ʻo ka nui o ka "fan" i nā kāne ʻoi aku ka mahalo ma mua o nā wahine. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻokoʻa nā kāne mai nā wahine i ka nui o ka peahi a me ke kino.
ʻO ka hāmeʻa waha o nā nalo meli o kahi ʻano ʻūlū, i ʻae iā ia e ʻahaʻaina i nā lau ʻōpio a me nā wana me ka pilikia ʻole.
Aia nā pākuʻi waha (ʻekolu pālua) ma nā lihi o ka waha:
- peʻa ka lua mua;
- ʻo ka lua o ka iwi ā lalo;
- ʻo ke kolu o ka pāpālua ʻo ka lehelehe lalo.
ʻO ka lehelehe luna e like me kahi papa liʻiliʻi akā ākea ākea, e uhi ana i kēia waiwai āpau mai luna. I ka wā o ka pāʻina ʻana, hoʻokomo ka moa i nā ā luna o luna a me lalo, a kōkua ka palpa i ka pahu ʻana i ka meaʻai i loko o ka waha.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: huikau ka piʻipiʻi me ka nalo keleawe, ʻoiai ʻelua mau ʻano ʻokoʻa.
Ma hea e noho ai ka nalo?
Kiʻi: Khrushch ma Lūkia
Aia ka wahi noho o ka nalo i ka Hemisphere ʻĀkau - ʻEulopa, ʻĀkia, ʻAmelika ʻĀkau (ʻāpana iki, tropic). ʻO ka heluna nui o ko lākou lehulehu ma kekahi o nā mokupuni ʻo Oceania, ʻApelika, ʻAmelika Hema, kahi e ʻike wale ʻia ai nā nalo i ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina nui. I nā wahi anuanu o ke kahona, aia he kakaikahi loa nā beetles, a ʻaʻohe ʻano hoʻokahi e noho ana ma ka ciia taiga.
E pili ana i ka nohona, ua koho nā beetles i kahi ulu lāʻau me ka lepo one ʻole a me ka lepo semi-one. I ka manawa like, pale loa lākou i ka lepo lepo, no ka mea, ma laila kahi pilikia no nā wahine e hoʻomoe i nā hua i mea e hua ai nā hua.
I kēia lā, ʻike nā entomologists 63 mau ʻano o nā nalo meli, eia nā wehewehe o ka mea hoihoi loa o lākou.
- ʻO Mei Khrushch Hikina (dikokastanovy Khrushch). I kēia laha, haʻi ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe: ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahine ma mua o nā kāne (kāne - a 29 mm, wahine - a 15 mm). ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o kēia ʻano i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā ʻulaʻula a me nā aka brownish. Eia kekahi, he antennae ʻeleʻele ka nalo. ʻO ka beetle oriental ākea ākea loa ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia.
- ʻo ka beetle Caucasian kahi ʻano laha liʻiliʻi o ka nalo e ola nei, lawa ʻole, ma Kelemania a me ʻAsuria (ʻaoʻao komohana). Aia ka ʻokoʻa mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i ka pygidium pōkole a pōʻai hoʻi, a me ke alo o nā unahi ma ka elytra ma kahi o nā lauoho.
- ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka nalo komohana ma mua o kona ʻaoʻao hikina a ʻoi aku kona kino koleka. ʻO kekahi ʻokoʻa ka maʻa. No laila, no ka laʻana, aloha ʻo ia i kahi aniana mehana, noho i nā kula, ʻaʻole ma nā ululāʻau a me nā māla, a ʻike ʻia hoʻi i ka puna 10-12 mau lā ma hope, ke mahana aʻe. ʻAno ʻeleʻele kāna antennae, ʻaʻole ʻeleʻele. Noho nui ia ma ka hema o Ukraine (Kherson a me nā moku ʻo Odessa, nā wahi haʻahaʻa o ka muliwai Dniester).
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka nalo. E nānā kāua i ka ʻai a kēia nalo.
He aha ka ʻai a ka nalo?
Kiʻi: Khrushch beetle
ʻO ka meaʻai nui o kahi nalo makua he lau ʻōpio o nā kumu lāʻau, kā lākou mau wana, ka pulp o nā pua pua. ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā beetles i nā lau o nā lāʻau hua a me nā kumulāʻau (plum, pear, cherry, sweet cherry, apple, apricot, raspberry, gooseberry).
Nā lūlū Beetle, nona ka pōʻaiapuni i hala he 3 mau makahiki a kū i ka honua ma kahi hohonu o 10-20 cm, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manawa ma mua o nā mākua. ʻAi lākou i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu ʻōpio i nā mea he nui, kahi e lawe mai ai ka pōʻino nui i nā mahi mahiʻai a me nā mahiʻai. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, nā mea kanu me nā aʻa i ʻai ʻia e nā ʻūlū i ka hapanui o nā hihia a ulu maikaʻi ʻole a make paha.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ka makahiki mua o ke ola, he mea ʻino ʻole ka larva o ka nalo, ʻoiai lākou e hānai wale i nā humus a me nā ʻōpala mea kanu. ʻO ka piko o kā lākou hana, a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hāʻule ka gluttony ma ka makahiki 2 a me 3 o ke ola.
ʻAi paha nā lūlū nū i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu a me nā hua berry, a me kā lākou pua. ʻO nā ʻōpala uala ʻōpio a me nā aʻa ʻōpelu i mea makemake nui ʻia na lākou. No laila, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha nui i nā māla ʻuala a me nā māla berry nui.
ʻIke hoihoi: Hiki i nā larva beetle ʻekolu mau makahiki ke ʻai i nā aʻa o kahi kumulāʻau hua makahiki he ʻelua mau makahiki, a hiki i hoʻokahi larva i kēia manawa ke ʻūlū i nā aʻa o 1-2 mauʻu strawberry.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Khrushch Komohana
I ka pūnāwai, i ka hopena o ʻApelila a i ʻole mua o Mei, ke uhi ʻia nā lāʻau āpau me nā lau ʻōpio, kolo nui nā kāne mai ka honua. I hoʻokahi pule ma hope, hui pū nā wahine me lākou, no ka mea ʻaʻole e hoʻopanee i kahi pāʻina maikaʻi me nā greens momona hou a hoʻomaka i ka male ʻana, a laila i ke koena o nā hopohopo e pili ana i ka hanauna e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka nui o ka nalo i kona wā pōkole (4-7 mau wiki) ʻokoʻa a hiki i 38 mm. ʻO ke kinona o ke kino o ka nalo he oval, a ʻo ke kaumaha a hiki i 10 g. ʻO ke kala o nā ʻāpana āpau o ko lākou kino e pili ana i nā ʻano a me nā wahi noho. No laila, noho nā nalo me ke kala ʻeleʻele i nā ululāʻau nui, a me ke kala māmā - i ka undergrowth, ma nā lihi a me nā māla.
ʻOiai ka nui o nā ana, virtuoso loa nā beetle i ka lele ʻana a hiki ke uhi maʻalahi i nā mamao a 20 km, ma ka wikiwiki o 30 m i 1 minuke. I ka wā o ka lele, humu pinepine lākou.
Hana ʻo Khrushchev i ka hana i ke ahiahi, i ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā, akā ʻaʻole naʻe i pouli loa. Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke lele i ka pō āpau, a hiki i ke ao ʻana o ke ao, i kēia manawa a laila kūʻē i nā kumu kukui hana ʻole. I ka lā, keu hoʻi ma hope o ka pāʻina nui, lilo ka beetles i lethargic a me ka maloʻo a hiki i ka wā o ka pouli. Me ka hoʻomaka o ke ahiahi, hana hou nā mea āpau iā ia iho.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Aia nā kaʻao e pili ana i ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana i nā nalo May. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, inā ua kuhikuhi ka nalo i pahuhopu nona iho, e hoʻoikaika ia no ia me nā mea āpau.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: May Khrushch
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka nalo e kahi pōʻai holomua me kekahi mau hoʻololi ʻana, e pili pū ana me nā pae aʻe
- hua manu (lōʻihi 1-1.5 mau mahina);
- pupa (ka lōʻihi o 1-2 mau mahina);
- larva (ka lōʻihi o 3-4 mau makahiki);
- kahi makua he imago (ka lōʻihi o 1-2 mau mahina).
Kū pinepine ka wā male o Mei nā nalo i ka hopena o Mei. Ma hope o ka male ʻana me ke kāne, hū ka wahine i ka lepo a waiho i nā hua (20-30 pcs.), A hiki ke hana hou i kēia kaʻina o nā hana i nā manawa he nui i ke kau. ʻO ia, i kona wā pōkole, hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke hui me nā kāne a hana i nā paʻa lima he 3-4, a ʻoi aku paha.
ʻO nā hua o ka nalo he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, 1.5-2.5 mm ke anawaena. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapalua, hatch nā larvae me kahi kino mānoanoa meli, kahi poʻo nui a ʻeono mau lālā i hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia a kolo i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. No 3-4 mau makahiki, ola ka larva, ulu, hānai i ka honua ma kahi hohonu o 10-20 knm. I ke kau anuanu hoʻoilo, hohonu lākou i lalo - a i 1-1.5 m.
I ka makahiki mua o ke ola, ʻai nā larvae i ka humus, humus a me nā aʻa o nā mauʻu liʻiliʻi. I ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻololi i kā lākou papaʻai a neʻe mālie i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu nui aʻe. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki i nā larva beetle ke kolo i waho o ka honua i ka papa no kekahi manawa pōkole, e uhi ana i kahi mamao o 30-50 cm.
Ma hope o ke kolu a ʻehā paha o ka hoʻoilo, i Kepakemapa a i ʻOkakopa paha, hohonu ka hohonu o ka beva i loko o ka lepo a me nā pupates, ʻo ia hoʻi, lilo ia i pupa. ʻO ka mahele pupal he 30-45 mau lā ka lōʻihi, a i ka hopena o kēia manawa, puka mai kahi pī nūnū makua piha mai ka pupa. Hoʻolilo ka beetle i ka hāʻule a me ka hoʻoilo ma lalo o ka honua i ka pū o kahi pupa, a i ka hopena o ʻApelila a i ʻole i ka mua o Mei e kolo ai i luna. I kēia hihia, koho mua ʻia nā kāne o nā nalo, a ʻo nā wahine ma hope iki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka holoholona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o Khrushch?
ʻAʻole ia he mea hūnā ʻo nā beetles a me kā lākou larvae nā mea ʻino weliweli o nā ululāʻau, nā māla, nā māla a me nā māla mea kanu. I loko o ko lākou ola pōkole, ʻai nā beetles makua (mākua) i kahi nui nui o nā lau ʻōpio a me nā pua pua o nā lāʻau hua, kahi e hopena i kā lākou hana. ʻOi aku ka weliweli o ka larva ma mua o nā mākua, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola - 4-5 mau makahiki, a i kēia manawa, e hānai wale ana i nā aʻa o nā mauʻu a me nā lāʻau ʻōpio, lawe lākou i nā mea ʻino i ka ulu lāʻau a me ka mahiʻai.
Eia nō naʻe, aia ke kaulike ma ke ʻano a he mea ia e mālama ai nā beetles i meaʻai na nā manu a me nā holoholona he nui. No laila, ʻo nā mammal liʻiliʻi e like me nā hedgehogs, nā ʻūlū, nā mole, nā ʻiole, nā opeapea a me nā manu nui: ʻaʻohe nā starling, nā ʻalalā, nā mopies, nā hoopoes, nā rooks a me nā pueo e ʻai i nā nalo makua.
ʻO ka larva beetle, waiwai i ka protein a me ka wai, kahi meaʻai punahele no nā manu nahele liʻiliʻi. Kōkua kēia mea kūlohelohe i nā mea ʻelua e kaohi i ka helu o nā nalo a e hānai i nā manu me kā lākou pua lehulehu.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe o nā larva beetle Mei nā ʻāʻī o ka honua i kamaʻāina i nā mea āpau. Manaʻo ka poʻe he mau mea ʻino ia, akā ʻai lākou i nā ʻanuʻu beetle (ʻo ka hapa nui o ka makahiki mua o ke ola), no laila hāʻawi i kahi lawelawe waiwai nui i nā māla a me nā māla āpau.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Khrushch
I kēia lā, ʻo ka helu o nā nalo i kona wahi noho ma ʻEulopa, ʻĀkia, ʻAmelika ʻĀkau ʻaʻole nui a, me nā fluctuations liʻiliʻi i kekahi ala a i ʻole ʻē aʻe, mālama mau i loko o ka maʻamau maʻamau. ʻAʻole i loaʻa kēia hopena ma muli o ka mahalo o ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā pesticides. E pili ana i nā nalo e noho nei ma kekahi o nā mokupuni ʻo Oceania, ʻaʻohe ʻikepili ma kēia.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma mua o ka hapalua kenekulia i hala aku nei, ʻokoʻa loa ke kūlana me nā nalo ma Europe a me ʻAsia. I kekahi mau makahiki o ke kenekulia iwakālua, he catastrophic wale nō ka helu o nā nalo. Lele nā ʻōlapa i nā pūʻā nui, hoʻonui pinepine, i kumu e hōʻino ʻole i nā mahiʻai a me nā māla, hoʻonele iā lākou i ka hapa nui o ka ʻohi ʻana a, ma muli o ka hopena, ko lākou ola. Eia kekahi ua "ʻoki" maoli nā beetles i nā māla a me nā māla holoʻokoʻa, e waiho ana i nā lālā ʻōlohelohe ʻole o ka lau a me ka ʻili, a me nā wahi ʻeleʻele a ʻōlohelohe hoʻi o ka ʻāina me ka ʻole o nā mea kanu.
Ma mua o ka wā o nā pesticides, ʻo ke ala wale nō e hana ai i kēia mau mea pests me ka lulu ʻana i nā kumulāʻau i ke kakahiaka nui, a ma hope iho ua hōʻiliʻili lima ʻia nā nalo a luku ʻia. ʻO kēlā ʻano hana mua e pili ana i ka lawelawe ʻana me nā nalo he hana nui a maikaʻi ʻole, ʻoiai ua hoʻomau ʻia kekahi o nā mea ʻino e hōʻalo i ka make.
Khrushchev i nā poʻe he nui, inā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia, a laila lohe paha. ʻOiai, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai a me ka mehana, lele nā ao holoʻokoʻa o Mei i nā ahiahi me kahi kani nui ma luna o nā māla pua. Hoʻomanaʻo, he paukū ko ka mea haku mele ʻo Taras Shevchenko e pili ana i kēia kumuhana: "Aia kahi māla cherry, aia kahi kani hāwanawana ma luna o nā cherry ..."?
ʻO ka manawa no nā nalo a i ʻole nā nalo he ʻApelila a me Mei. ʻO ia i loko o kēia wā nalo ʻai ikaika, ʻai i nā lau a me nā pua, a hana kope hoʻi, ʻaʻole maikaʻi kekahi manawa no nā māla, nā ululāʻau, nā māla a me nā māla mea kanu.
Ka lā paʻi: 09/01/2019
Lā hou: 22.08.2019 ma 22:56
