Carp kālā kala He ʻano iʻa iʻa hou o ka ʻohana carp, kahi ʻano o ka carp ʻĀsia e noho ana ma ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me ʻAkau Hikina Hikina. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e nā maka haʻahaʻa a me ka waha i huli ʻole me ka ʻole antennae. ʻO kēia nā iʻa i makemake e ʻōkuʻu i nā kahawai nui me ka wai lepo. ʻAʻole lākou e neʻe i kahi mamao i kahi mamao, akā ʻike ʻia ka poʻe neʻe hele i kahi lōʻihi i ke kaumaha.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Carp kālā
Nui nā ʻohana e pili ana i ka ʻohana carp wai nui loa i koho nui ʻia ma nā wahi he nui o ka honua - ka hapanui no ka meaʻai a me ka aquacULT - a laila pale i ka lilo ʻana i nā mea komo hewa, e hoʻolaha aku ana i kā lākou kaiaolaola hou a hoʻokūkū pinepine i nā ʻano ʻōiwi no ka meaʻai a me ka nohona. wahi noho.
Video: Carp kālā
Ua hānai ʻia nā carps kālā ma nā mokuʻāina ʻeono, pekelala a pilikino hoʻi ma Arkansas i nā makahiki 1970 a kau ʻia i loko o nā kaona wai wai wai kūloko. Holo lākou a laila e hoʻokū iā lākou iho i ka Basin Misisipi a ua hele a pālahalaha aʻe ma ka ʻōnaehana ʻo Misisipi luna.
ʻO nā kumu āpau āpau, ka hopena o ka mahana i ka nui o ke kala o ke kala kala. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka muliwai Terek ʻInikia, makua kāne kāne kālā kālā ma 4 makahiki, a me nā wahine ma 5 makahiki. Ma kahi o 15% o nā wahine i oʻo ma 4 mau makahiki, akā 87% o nā wahine a me 85% o nā kāne no 5-7 mau makahiki.
Mea hoihoi: ʻIke ʻia ka carp kālā e lele i waho o ka wai ke makaʻu (no ka laʻana, mai ke kani o kahi moku kaʻa).
ʻO ka awelika ka lōʻihi o ke kala kala ma kahi o 60-100 cm. Akā hiki i nā iʻa nui ke piʻi i ka 140 cm i ka lōʻihi o ke kino, a hiki i nā iʻa nui ke kaupaona ma kahi o 50 kg.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ke ʻāpala kālā
ʻO ka carp kālā he iʻa me kahi kino hohonu, kaomi ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao. He silvery lākou i ke kala ke ʻōpio, a ke hele a makua lākou, hele lākou mai ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka hope i ke kālā ma ka ʻōpū. He unahi liʻiliʻi ko lākou ma ko lākou kino, akā ʻaʻohe unahi o ke poʻo a me nā ʻāʻī.
He waha nui ko nā Carps kālā me ka niho ʻole o ko lākou ʻāʻī, akā he mau niho pharyngeal lākou. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā niho pharyngeal i hoʻokahi lālani (4-4) a hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia a kōpī ʻia me kahi pae wili wili. Ua kau nui ʻia ko lākou mau maka ma ka midline o ke kino a huli iki i lalo.
ʻAʻole hiki ke huikau ka carp kālā me ka carp maoli ma muli o ka nui a me ke kūlana maʻamau o nā maka. Ua like like lākou me ka carp H. nobilis, akā he poʻo liʻiliʻi ko lākou a me ka waha i hoʻohuli ʻia me ka ʻole o nā niho, kahi keel e hele i mua o ke kumu o ka pelvic fin, ʻaʻohe o nā kiko ʻeleʻele o ka iʻa me nā poʻo nui, a me nā kakā gill.
ʻAʻohe iʻa iʻa ʻōpio i kā lākou fin. ʻAno like nā ʻōpio me ke poʻo poʻo poʻo nui (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), akā ʻo ko lākou pectoral fin ke hoʻonui wale ʻia i ke kumu o ke pelvic fin (ʻokoʻa i ka fin pelvic i ka carp poʻo nui).
Hōʻike kekahi o nā kumuwaiwai i ke kū ʻana o nā kākalaioa i ka dorsal a me nā anal anal o ke kala kala. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe kākalaioa nā ʻano Nuzila i hōʻike ʻia.
He mau peʻapeʻa ko Carp Carp:
- fin dorsal (9 kukuna) - liʻiliʻi, e like me ka hae;
- lōʻihi fin a loloa (15-17 kukuna);
- caudal fin hoʻopau lōʻihi a pālahalaha ʻia;
- nā pelvic fin (7 a 8 mau kukuna) liʻiliʻi a me nā huinakolu;
- nunui nā palaka (15-18 kukuna) akā hoʻi hou i ka hoʻokomo o nā pelvic fins.
I ke kāne carp kālā, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao i loko o nā peʻa pectoral, e kū pono ana i ke kino, paʻakikī i ka hoʻopā, keu hoʻi i ka wā hānau. ʻO 610 mau manawa ka lōʻihi o ka ʻōpū ma mua o ke kino. Hoʻonui aku nā kīʻaha mai ka isthmus a i ka anus. ʻO ka helu nui o ka vertebrae he 36-40.
Haʻahaʻa nā maka ma ke poʻo me ka lihi lalo ma lalo o ka pae o ke kihi o ka waha, he waha paʻa ko lākou, me ka ʻole o nā antennae. He pūnaewele paʻakikī kā nā kāpili kāpili kālā a nui a me nā keke kekeʻi ākea. ʻAʻole pili nā membrane lālā me ka isthmus.
Ma hea e noho ai ka carp kālā?
Kiʻi: Carp kālā ma Russia
ʻIke maoli ʻia ke carp kālā i loko o ka wai mehana o Kina. Noho lākou i nā kahawai ʻo Yangtze, Komohana Komohana, Momi Kahawai, Kwangxi a me Kwantung ma nā ʻaoʻao Hema a me Central China a me ke kahawai Amur ma Lūkia. Hoʻolauna ʻia i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā makahiki 1970.
I kēia manawa loaʻa ka carp kālā i:
- ʻAlapama;
- ʻAlikona;
- Arkansas;
- Kolorado;
- Hawaii;
- Ilinoi;
- Indiana;
- Kansas;
- Kentucky;
- Louisiana;
- Missouri;
- Nebraska;
- Dakota Hema;
- Tennessee.
ʻO ka carp kālā kahi ʻano o nā muliwai nui. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomanawanui i ka salinity kiʻekiʻe a me ka oxygen hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa (3 mg / L). I kona ʻano kūlohelohe, hiki i ke Carp kālā kālā ke oʻo i ka makahiki 4 a 8 mau makahiki, akā ʻike ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hema i oʻo i ka makahiki 2. Hiki iā lākou ke ola a 20 mau makahiki. Ua lawe ʻia mai kēia ʻano a ua mālama ʻia no ka ka mālama ʻana o ka phytoplankton i loko o nā kino wai eutrophic a, me he mea lā, he iʻa meaʻai. Ua hoʻolauna mua ʻia iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka makahiki 1973 i ka wā i lawe mai ai kahi mahiʻai iʻa kūʻokoʻa i ke kālā kālā i loko o Arkansas.
Ma ka waenakonu o 1970, ua hānai ʻia ka carp kālā i ʻeono mokuʻāina, pekelala a me nā ʻoihana pilikino, a i ka hopena o 1970, ua mālama ʻia ia i nā loko wai wai wai kūwahi kaona. Ma o 1980, ua loaʻa ka laha i loko o nā wai kūlohelohe, ma muli paha o ka pakele ʻana mai nā hale hānai mai a me nā wahi aquaculture ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka helehelena kālā kapakapa i ka muliwai Ouachita ma ka ʻōnaehana ʻo Red River ma Louisiana ʻo ia paha ka hopena o ka pakele mai kahi kaiakawai i uka ma Arkansas. ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka laha i loko o Florida ka hopena o ka hoʻohaumia ʻia o ka waihona, kahi i hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia ai ka carp kālā a hoʻohana ʻia ka waihona carp e kaohi i nā mea kanu wai.
I kekahi hihia like, ua hoʻolauna hewa ʻole ʻia kēia ʻano i Lake Arizona ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana i manaʻo ʻia, ʻoiai he kū ʻole i ke kānāwai, kahi waihona o ka carlo diploid. ʻO nā kānaka i lawe ʻia mai ka muliwai ʻo Ohio mai paha lākou mai nā mea kanu i nā loko wai kūloko a i ʻole komo i ka muliwai ʻo Ohio mai nā lāhui i hoʻolauna mua ʻia iā Arkansas.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e loaʻa ai ka carp kālā. E nānā kāua i ka ʻai a kēia iʻa.
He aha ka ʻai a ka ʻāpā kālā?
Kiʻi: Iʻa kāpa kālā
Hānai nā Carp carp kālā i nā phytoplankton a me nā zoplankton. ʻO nā carp kālā he mea hānai kānana hoʻohua nui e hoʻololi i ka nui o nā mea kanu a me kā lākou haku ʻana i ke kaiāulu, e hoʻemi ana i ka nui o nā meaʻai no nā iʻa haʻuki a me nā iʻa kalepa.
ʻAʻau pinepine nā carps kālā ma lalo pono o ka ʻili a hiki ke huakaʻi i nā hui nui (ʻelua a ʻoi pū. ʻO lākou nā mea hoʻolaha wai nui ke kānana lākou i ka detritus mai ka wai ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka lepo ma o ko lākou waha. Hiki i ka ulu kala kala ke pale aku i nā limu uliuli-ʻōmaʻomaʻo mai ka pua ʻana i ke kauwela.
Hānai nā iʻa ʻōpio ma zooplankton, ʻoiai e hoʻopau nā iʻa makua i ka phytoplankton, kahi haʻahaʻa o nā meaola, a e kānana lākou i nā mea he nui ma o ka mea ʻaihu. Ma muli o kā lākou ʻai nui i ka limu, i kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia lākou he "bipi muliwai". E hoʻowali i kahi nui o nā meaʻai calorie haʻahaʻa, he lōʻihi loa ka ʻōpū o ke kālā carp, 10-13 mau manawa ka lōʻihi ma mua o kona kino.
Mea hoihoi: He iʻa kolohe loa ka carp kala e hiki ai ke hoʻopau i ka hapalua o kona kaupaona ma ke ʻano o ka fitoplankton a me ka detritus. ʻOi aku lākou i ka nui o nā iʻa kūloko no kā lākou hana kolohe a me ka ʻai nui o ka plankton.
ʻO nā ʻano o nā kūpulu, nā ʻūlū a me nā mākua e like me ka hoe kai ʻoi aku ka makaʻu i ka lilo ʻana i waho o ka pahu no kā lākou papaʻai papaʻai i hōʻoia me ka carp kālā.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Carp kālā i ka loko iʻa
Ua hoʻolauna ʻia kēia laha i nā ʻāina he nui a puni ka honua no nā kumu ʻelua: aquaculture a me ka plankton control in nutrient-rich ponds and wastewater treatment plant. ʻO ko lākou hiki ke kaohi i nā pua alga he controversial. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka carp kālā e mālama pono i nā mohala algal ke hoʻohana ʻia ka nui kūpono o ka iʻa.
Ma muli o ka hiki i ka carp kālā ke kānana pono i nā limu> 20 microns i ka nui, no laila, piʻi ka nui o nā limu liʻiliʻi ma muli o ka nele o ka hānai ʻana o ka iʻa a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā mea momona ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi o loko.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia kekahi mau mea noiʻi e hoʻohana i ka carp kālā inā wale nō ka pahuhopu nui e hōʻemi i nā pua leʻaleʻa o nā ʻano nui fitoplankton, e like me ka cyanobacteria, ka mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻomalu pono ʻia e ka zooplankton nui o nā lāʻau. ʻOi aku ke kūpono o nā waihona Carp carp i nā loko loko kai, kahi hana nui a nele i ka zooplankton nui cladoceral.
Hoʻohana paha ka poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka carp kālā ʻaʻole wale no ka kaohi limu, akā no ka zooplankton a me nā mea meaola i kāpae ʻia. Kūkākūkā lākou ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana o 300-450 kālā carps i loko o ka waihona wai Netof i Israel ua hana i kahi ʻōnaehana kaiaola kaulike.
Mea hoihoi: Hoʻoweliweli nā carps kālā i ka poʻe ma muli o ka hoʻokuʻi ma waena o nā moku lawaiʻa a hōʻeha i ka poʻe i lele i loko o lākou.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: kālua kālā Carp
Nui ka hua o ke kālā Carp. Hana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana kūlohelohe i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o nā kahawai kahe wikiwiki me kahi hohonu o 40 cm a me ka wikiwiki o 1.3-2.5 m / s. Hānai nā mākua i nā kahawai a i ʻole nā kahawai ma luna o nā kahawai pāpaʻu me nā ʻiliʻili a i ʻole lalo o ke one, i ka papa o luna o ka wai, a i ʻole ma luna hoʻi i ka wā o nā kahawai, ke piʻi ka wai i 50-120 cm ma luna o ka maʻamau.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hānau ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā hua i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka wai a me ka mahana. Kū ka ʻōnohi ke loli ke ʻano (maʻalahi ka carp kālā i kahi kulu o ka pae wai) a hoʻomaka hou ke piʻi aʻe ka pae wai. Hoʻokumu nā ʻōpio a me nā poʻe mākua i nā hui nui i ka wā o ka spawning.
E neʻe aku ke kanaka makua i luna ma kahi mamao loa i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kahe wikiwiki a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka wai, a hiki iā lākou ke lele ma luna o nā kūpikipiki i 1 m. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, neʻe nā mākua i nā wahi hānai. I ke kauwela, neʻe nā mākua i nā wahi hohonu i ke kahawai nui o ka muliwai, kahi e waiho ai me ka meaʻai ʻole. Holo ka larva i lalo a noho i loko o nā loko wai hālana, ma nā kahakai papau a me nā kahawai me ka liʻiliʻi a ʻaole paha o kēia au.
ʻO ka mahana haʻahaʻa o ka wai no ka hoʻoulu ʻana he 18 ° C. ʻO nā hua he pelagic (1.3-1.91 mm ke anawaena), a ma hope o ka momona, hoʻonui ka nui o kā lākou nui. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hua manu a me ka manawa hatching i ka wela (60 mau hola ma 18 ° C, 35 mau hola ma 22-23 ° C, 24 mau hola ma 28-29 ° C, 20 mau hola ma 29-30 ° C).
I ka hoʻoilo, noho ke carp kālā i loko o nā "lua hoʻoilo". Piʻi lākou i ka hiki ʻana o ka wai i kahi mahana o 18 ° a 20 ° C. Hoʻomoe nā wahine i 1 a 3 miliona mau hua, i pehu i ko lākou ulu ʻana, neʻe i ke kahawai i lalo a i 100 mau kilomita. Pālolo nā hua moa a make i ka wai stagnant. Lilo ke kālā Carp i ka moekolohe ma ka makahiki ʻekolu a ʻehā makahiki paha. Ma hea kahi e hānai ʻia ai, he iʻa waiwai nui ke ʻāpala kālā.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka carp kālā
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ke ʻāpala kālā
I ko lākou wahi maoli, kaohi ʻia ka heluna carp kālā e nā mea kūpale maoli. ʻAʻohe iʻa iʻa maoli i ka nui ʻo Lakes nui e lawa lawa i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka carp kālā makua. ʻAi nā pelicans keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻaeto i nā carp kālā ʻōpio ma ka Basin ʻo Misisipi.
Loaʻa nā Pelicans i ke komohana o nā Lakes Nui a me nā ʻaeto i loko o ke kīʻaha hiki ke manaʻo e hana like. Hiki i nā iʻa predatory ʻōiwi e like me ka perch ke hānai i ka carp kālā kālā ʻōpio. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o ka ulu ʻana, hiki i nā kānaka he nui ke ulu a nui a wikiwiki hoʻi no ka iʻa iʻa e hoʻokau nui i ka nui o ka carp carp.
I ka manawa e ulu ai ka nui o ke kālā carp kālā ma mua o ka make, manaʻo ʻia ka luku ʻia he paʻakikī, inā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka heluna kanaka i kekahi mau wahi ma ka hōʻole ʻana i ke komo ʻana i ka wai mai loko mai o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā pale o ka neʻe ʻana, akā he kumu kumukūʻai kēia e hiki ai ke alakaʻi hewa ʻole i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā lāhui maoli. ʻO ka kaohi ʻoi loa o nā carp kālā ke pale aku iā lākou mai ke komo ʻana i loko o nā loko nui.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Iʻa kāpa kālā
Ma loko o ka muliwai ʻo Misisipi, pālahalaha a heluna ka heluna kanaka carp kālā mai 23 mau laka a me nā dam (ʻekolu ma ka muliwai ʻo Arkansas, ʻehiku ma ka muliwai ʻo ʻInikona, ʻewalu ma ka muliwai ʻo Misisipi, a ʻelima ma ka muliwai ʻo Ohio). I kēia manawa ʻelua mau mea hoʻopunipuni kūpono no ka carp kālā e hōʻea ana i Great Lakes Basin, ʻo ka mea mua he pale uila i ka ʻōnaehana waikahe ʻo Chicago e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ka muliwai ʻo ʻInikino mai Lake Michigan. Hōʻino pinepine ʻia kēia "ālai" e nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a nui hoʻi e holo ma hope o nā waʻa nui.
I ka 2016, ua hoʻopau ʻia kahi lepo lepo 2.3 km ka lōʻihi a me 2.3 mika ke kiʻekiʻe ma Eagle Swamp ma Fort Wayne, Indiana, ma waena o nā Wabash a me Momey Rivers (ʻo ka lua e alakaʻi ana iā Lake Erie). ʻIke pinepine kēia wahi wai i ka wai kahe a me ka pilina ma waena o nā wai wai ʻelua, a ua mahele mua ʻia e ka pā loulou kaulahao e hiki ai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi (a me nā ʻāpana kālā ʻōpio) ke ʻauʻau maʻalahi. ʻO ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka komo ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka carp kālā i ka Lakes Nui ka mea hopohopo nui i nā lunamaka o ka lawaiʻa kālepa a me nā haʻuki, nā mea hoʻokele kaiāulu a me nā poʻe hoihoi ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo Carp carp ma ke ʻano he mea weliweli i kāna pae kūlohelohe (ʻoiai ʻo kāna ʻano maoli a me nā hana hana e hoʻopili ʻia e ka hale wai, ka lawaiʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻohaumia). Akā hiki ke loaʻa ʻia i kekahi mau ʻāina ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hāʻule heluna kanaka he mea nui ia i nā ʻāpana Kina o kāna pae.
Carp kālā kala ʻO ia kahi ʻano o ka carp Asia e noho nui ana ma Siberia Hikina a me Kina. Kāhea ʻia nō hoʻi ke kāpena lele no kona ʻano e lele i waho o ka wai ke makaʻu. I kēia lā, hānai ʻia kēia iʻa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i ka aquaculture, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā carp kālā e kaupaona ʻia ma mua o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka carp.
Lā paʻi: 08/29/2019
Lā hou: 22.08.2019 ma 21:05
