ʻO Lakedra - ka iʻa mai ka ʻohana o ka lio mackerel, pili i ka iʻa kalepa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ia mea i hoʻopau ʻia ma Iapana, kahi e waiwai nui ai. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e kona thermophilicity, ka hapa nui o nā iʻa e hele e mālama i nā papa i ulu ulu wale ʻia, a ʻo kahi hopena he haʻahaʻa ka hōʻino i ka heluna kanaka maoli.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Lakedra
ʻO nā mea ola loa e like me ka iʻa a manaʻo ʻia he kūpuna lākou i noho ma ka honua ma mua o 530 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa o kēia pūʻulu o nā mea iwi ʻole he pikaya: he holoholona liʻiliʻi (2-3 cm) i like ʻole me ka iʻa a neʻe i loko o ka wai, e kulou ana i kahi kino like me ka ilo.
A i ʻole ʻo pikaya, a i ʻole nā mea ola i pili i hiki ke lilo i kūpuna o ka iʻa wale nō, akā i ka laulā nā vertebrates āpau. ʻO nā iwi ā hope, ʻano like me ka iʻa i kēia mau lā, ʻo nā conodonts ka mea kaulana loa. He hui like ʻole kēia o ka protofish, ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi o lākou i ulu a 2 cm wale nō, a ʻo ka mea nui loa - a i 2 m. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi exoskeleton.
Video: Lakedra
ʻO ia nā conodonts i lilo i mau kūpuna o ka iwi ā-ʻā, a ʻo ke ʻano o ka iwi ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā iʻa mua a me ko lākou mau kūpuna. Ua loaʻa iā ia e nā placod germ i noho ma ka Honua i ka wā Silurian. I kēia, a ʻelua mau manawa hou aku, ua hoʻokō ka iʻa i ka nui o nā lāhui like ʻole a hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā kai o ka honua.
Akā ua lilo ka hapa nui o kēia mau laha kahiko i ka hoʻomaka o ke au Mesozoic, a ʻo ke koena i ka hopena. Ua hoʻololi ʻia lākou e nā ʻano hou, a aia kekahi o lākou e kū nei. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻohana o ka lio mackerel, nona ka Lacedra, ʻike wale ʻia ma hope: ma hope o ka pau ʻana o Cretaceous-Paleogene, ka mea i hōʻailona i ka hoʻomaka o kahi wā hou. ʻO nā lacedras ponoʻī i waena o ka mea mua o ka ʻohana, i ka hoʻomaka o ka Eocene, 55 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia ʻano e K. Temminck lāua ʻo G. Schlegel i ka makahiki 1845; ua kapa ʻia ka inoa ʻo Seriola quinqueradiata ma ka ʻōlelo Latina.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka Lacedra
He iʻa nui ʻo Lakedra, hiki i ka hiki ke ulu a 150 cm a hiki i kahi nui o 40 kg, akā no ka hapa nui o nā anana he 5-8 kg i hopu ʻia. Kūkulu ʻia kona kino kino me he ʻano torpedo lā, kaomi ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao. Uhi ʻia ka iʻa me nā unahi liʻiliʻi, a kiko iki kona poʻo.
ʻO silish ke kala o ka iʻa me ke aniani bluish. ʻEʻeleʻele ke kua a ʻoliva a melemele paha nā fin. ʻO kahi kaha melemele ʻokoʻa e holo ma waena o ke kino holoʻokoʻa, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka ihu iho.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka lacedra mai nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e kāna mau peʻa. I ka mea mua, pōkole a me ka spiny nā kukuna dorsal, aia he 5-6 wale nō o lākou, a pili lākou āpau i kahi membrane. Aia kekahi ʻōkalaioa i mua ona. ʻO ka lua o ka fin he nui nā kukuna - 19-26, a palupalu lākou. ʻO ka fin anal lōʻihi he mau kukuna paʻakikī a he nui hoʻi nā kukuna palupalu.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui loa o ka lakedra no nā kānaka ka ʻono loa o kāna ʻiʻo, e like me ka tuna. He ʻulaʻula ia i ke kala, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā mea ʻelua (ʻo ka Kepani e hana i ka sashimi, ka sushi a me nā ipu ʻē aʻe mai ia mea), a lawelawe ʻia. Lilo ia i māmā ma lalo o ka mana o ke kiʻekiʻe wela.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO ka hapa nui o ka lakedra no ke kūʻai aku mahiʻai i ka pio, a ʻoi aku ka waiwai o ka iʻa o ka iʻa hihiu no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna papaʻai a no laila ʻoi aku ka ʻono. ʻO ka hopena, hiki i ka ʻokoʻa o ke kumukūʻai ma waena o nā iʻa i hopu ʻia i ke kai a me nā iʻa mahiʻai ke hiki i nā manawa he 7-10.
Ma hea e noho ai ka lacedra?
Kiʻi: Lakedra ma lalo o ka wai
Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia kēia ʻano ma waho o ke kapakai hikina o ʻAsia a ʻoi aku ma ka hikina, i ke kai ākea.
ʻO nā wahi nui no kāna lawaiʻa ʻana nā wai kahakai kokoke:
- Iapana;
- Kina;
- Kōlea;
- Taiwan;
- Primorye;
- Sakhalin;
- Mokilana Kuril.
E neʻe ʻeleu ʻo Lakedra, akā hele maʻamau ma nā wahi pōkole. Aia i ka heluna kanaka, ʻokoʻa paha nā ala neʻe. ʻO ka mea nui a i ʻole, i nā hihia āpau, lawaiʻa lawaiʻa ka poʻe i ka East China Sea, akā mai laila kokoke e ʻauʻau iʻa ʻōpio i ka ʻākau.
A laila hoʻolilo lākou i mau makahiki mua o ko lākou ola ma kahi kokoke i ka mokupuni ʻo Hokkaido. I ke kauwela, i ka wā e wela ai ka wai, lana nui ka lakedra i ka ʻākau, i ke kahakai ʻo Sakhalin a me Primorye. I ka hoʻoilo hoʻi ia i ke kahakai o Hokkaido - thermophilic loa kēia iʻa. I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, ukali ia i nā kula iʻa nui, nā mea hānai e like me nā anchovies a i ʻole nā sardine. Pēlā mau neʻe mau no kekahi mau makahiki, i ka makahiki 3-5, ʻauʻau ka lakedra hema, i ke kahakai o Honshu a me Korea, ʻauʻau kekahi ma ka hema, akā ʻo lākou ka iʻa nui o kēia iʻa.
Ma waho o nā neʻe kau o ke kau, hana pinepine nā shoals o lakedra i kekahi mau mea pōkole, neʻe wale ma hope o nā kula o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a hānai ʻana i ke ala. Ma muli o kēia, hopu pinepine ʻia lākou i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana, me nā mackerels a i ʻole nā heleuma e like me ka hopu, hopu ʻia ka nui o nā lacedra i ukali iā lākou.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka lacedra. E nānā kāua i ka ʻai a kēia iʻa.
He aha ka mea a Lacedra e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Lacedra iʻa
ʻO nā lacedras hānau hou wale nō e ʻai i ka plankton, a laila, i ka ulu ʻana, hoʻomaka lākou e ʻai i nā mea hou aku. I ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole hiki ke kāhea ʻia kēia iʻa i koho iki: hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo he ʻai ia i kekahi mea ola i hiki ke hopu a ʻai. ʻO ka iʻa makua, ke ulu nei i ka nui, hiki ke ʻai i nā ʻano mea like ʻole he nui, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi nui - a hana maikaʻi lākou.
I waena o nā mea i loaʻa pinepine i kēia iʻa:
- sardine;
- hānai manu;
- heleuma;
- ʻōpio a me ka caviar o nā iʻa like ʻole.
Holo ʻo Lacedrus i nā hipa, e hoʻopuni ana i ke kula o ka mea pio mai nā ʻaoʻao āpau a kaomi mālie i ke apo. Holo mai iā lākou, hoʻāʻo ka iʻa liʻiliʻi e pālahalaha i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa, a lele pinepine hoʻi i waho o ka wai - mai luna a mai kahi mamao aku me he mea lā e paila ana ka wai mai ka nui o nā iʻa lele. Hoʻoiho kēia hana i ka maka o nā manu o ka mea pio, ke kōkua nei i ka haunaele: luʻu lākou a hoʻāʻo e hopu i nā iʻa lele. I kekahi manawa, ʻike ka poʻe i kēlā ʻano hōʻuluʻulu, e lawaiʻa i laila - no laila hiki i ka lakedra ke lilo i waiwai pio.
I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hānai ʻia ka lachedra me ka hui ʻana o ka ʻiʻo mai nā ʻano iʻa waiwai haʻahaʻa. Loaʻa iā ia nā huaora pono e pono ai a ulu wikiwiki i kēlā hānai - ʻo ka maʻalahi a me ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana i lilo i hoʻokahi o nā ʻano ulu nui i Iapana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Me ka hoʻoulu hānai, noho ʻia nā ʻai i loko o nā hīnaʻi kūikawā e like me ka manawa o ko lākou helehelena, a ʻo kahi hopena ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea nui ke ʻai i nā mea liʻiliʻi - a ʻo kēia ke kumu nui o ka make o nā iʻa i hānau hou ʻia. Eia hou, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia lākou e kekahi mea ʻino - ʻo ka hopena, he ʻumi mau manawa ka nui o nā iʻa e ola ana i ka wā makua.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Lakedra
Alakaʻi ʻo Lakedra e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke ola e like me ka nui o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe mai ka helu o ka mackerel lio. Noho kēia iʻa i nā pūʻā nui: ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻimi holoholona i kēia ala. ʻAʻole noho iki ke kula ma kahi hoʻokahi no ka manawa lōʻihi, neʻe mau ia no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kula o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi hiki ke ʻai ʻia, a i ʻole ka ukali ʻana i ia kula.
ʻAʻau wikiwiki, hiki ke hopu me ka ʻaneʻane o nā iʻa i ʻoi iki ka nui. Ma muli o ke kaupaona paʻa a me kona kino, ʻoki maikaʻi ʻo ia i ka wai, a no laila ke kūleʻa nei ʻo ia i nā papa o ka wai, hoʻolohi i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Loaʻa iā ia kahi wai ʻauʻau, no laila hiki iā ia ke ʻau mamao i ke kai ākea.
Akā ʻike pinepine ʻia ia ma waho o ke kapakai, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia kahi manawa kūpono loa e hiki ke loaʻa me ka ʻau ʻole ʻana i ke kai, i kekahi manawa kokoke i ke kai, i nā hola wanaʻao. ʻAʻau pinepine ʻo Lakedra i kēia manawa kokoke loa i nā kāpena a me nā mokupuni e ʻimi nei i kahi pio. Lawaiʻa lākou i ke kakahiaka.
I kekahi manawa kuhi hewa ʻia ʻo lacedra ma ke ʻano he iʻa tuna, ʻoiai he ʻano like ia me nā ʻano ʻelua a me ka lawena, a hānai nui ʻia ia i nā iʻa like - ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea hiki ke loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma nā wahi like. Akā ʻaʻole pili pili ʻohana ʻo tuna lacedra. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā tuna e nā ʻiʻo pahi ʻaole: ʻaʻohe o ka lakedra iā lākou. ʻAʻole ola lōʻihi kēia iʻa, 10-12 mau makahiki, ʻo ke kanaka i lōʻihi a 15 mau makahiki ka lōʻihi o ke akepaʻa, a aia kekahi o lākou.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Yellowtail Lacedra
I ka makahiki o 3-5, lilo ka lakedra i wahine makua a hele i ka hānau keiki mua - a laila e hana hou ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka ʻōnaehana ʻana i Mei-Iune a mau a hiki i ka hopena o ke kauwela: i mea e hua ai, pono ka iʻa i ka wai mehana a me ke anilā maikaʻi, no laila hiki ke lōʻihi ke kaʻina. No laila, hele ka lakedra i ka hema o kāna pae e hoʻomoe hua manu: i nā mokupuni Kepani ʻo Kyushu a me Shikoku, a me ke kahakai o Kōlea Hema. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hele wale i ke kai e holoi i kēia mau wahi, akā pololei i ke kahakai: ʻo nā wahine wahine i ka mamao o 100-250 mau mika mai ke kahakai a pololei i ka kolamu wai.
I kēia manawa, aia nā kāne kokoke, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka waiū, a pēlā e hoʻouluulu ai i nā hua. Liʻiliʻi loa nā hua manu iā lākou iho, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka millimeter, akā hoʻokuʻu kēlā me kēia wahine i mau haneli haneli o lākou me ka make ʻole. ʻAʻole pau i ka momona - ʻo nā hua i koe i hoʻāhu ʻole ʻia e lilo i meaʻai na ka poʻe i ʻoi aku ka laki.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻai pū ʻia nā mea momona e ka hua i kū i mua: ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā hua manu ma kahi o 3.5-4 mau mahina, a no laila, inā i hele nā wahine ʻelua e hua e pili ana i ka wahi like, ʻo ka moa i hōʻike mua ʻia e ʻai wale i nā hua a ka lua o ka wahine. Noho ka ʻōhua i ke kolamu wai, akā kokoke i ke kahakai, ʻaʻole holo mamao mai kahi a lākou i hānau ʻia ai. ʻAi wale lākou ma ka caviar a me ka plankton, akā ʻo kekahi hoʻi - ʻo ka mea ikaika a wikiwiki hoʻi ke ola, ʻoiai ʻo lākou kekahi e pakele mai nā mea hōkai he nui. ʻAi lākou i ka limu he nui.
Mai nā lā mua loa lākou e like me kahi iʻa mākua, i ka wā mua ulu koke lākou a lilo i mea hiki i nā mea hiki ke ʻaʻa a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea ʻino nui: hōʻike lākou i nā ʻano kūlike mai nā lā mua o ke ola. Me ka hānai hānai ʻana i kahi kaupaona kalaka ʻo 3-5 kg, ulu lākou i hoʻokahi makahiki wale nō, i nā kūlana kūlohelohe i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa - akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kaupaona i loko o lākou.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o Lacedrus
Kiʻi: Lacedra iʻa
Aia kekahi mau ʻōlelo hoʻoweliweli i ka poʻe mākua i ke kai: nui loa lākou e lilo i mea pio na nā mea ʻai moku o ka moana. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ka manō, aia kekahi o lākou i kēlā mau kai kahi e noho ai nā lacedras, a ʻai lākou i nā mea āpau e ʻike wale ʻia, a makemake nui lākou i nā iʻa nui.
ʻOiai ʻo kēia, inā ua ulu ka lacedra, hiki ke ola i nā manawa ana āpau a make mai ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻelemakule e kahi nui, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hoʻoweliweli i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio nui: hoihoi lākou i nā iʻa iʻa nui a me nā manu. A ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o lākou, ʻo ka nui o nā mea ʻino e hoʻoweliweli iā lākou.
A laila, make ka ʻai a me nā hua i ka nui loa. ʻAi ʻia kēlā a me nā mea ʻē e nā iʻa ʻānō - nui ka liʻiliʻi a me ka waena, nā mea ʻai ʻē aʻe, e like me nā ʻohana, nā mākua o ka lakedra Nui nā ʻano i lilo i waiwai pio no ka lakedra makua e ʻai i kāna ʻai a me ka caviar - e laʻa me ka herring a me ka sardine.
Ma muli o kēia mau mea, he pākēneka liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā hua manu i hānau i hoʻokahi iʻa makua. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻo ko lākou ʻenemi nui ka poʻe e hopu ikaika i kēia iʻa; ʻoiai ka hapanui o ka lachedra i kūʻai ʻia i nā hale kūʻai i ulu ulu wale ʻia, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iki.
Nui aʻe ka liʻiliʻi o nā hoʻoweliweli iā ia i ka paʻa pio ʻana, no ka mea, palekana ʻo ia i ka palekana mai nā mea hōkai. Akā eia nō naʻe, aia kēia mau hoʻoweliweli: eia nā parasite a me nā maʻi, ʻoi aku kahi maʻi bacteria - vibriosis - weliweli. Aia nō kēia mau mea hoʻoweliweli i ka wahi maoli o ka iʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: I Iāpana, manaʻo ʻia he ʻelemakule ke kanaka ma New Year. Ua hoʻolauleʻa ʻia kēia me kahi kīʻaha iʻa i hoʻolauleʻa ʻia i kapa ʻia ʻo toshitori zakana. Inā ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Iāpana i hoʻohana ʻia ka salemona no kēia pā, a laila ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Iāpana. Mālama ʻia kēia kuʻuna i kēia mau lā.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka Lacedra
ʻAʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i ka heluna kanaka o lacedra: ʻoiai aia kahi iʻa ʻoihana, ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui ʻia kāna puke no ka mea ʻo ka nui o kēia iʻa i ulu ulu ʻia. A i loko nō o ia mau makahiki ke hiki aku ka iʻa i kona piko, ʻaʻohe nui o ka emi o ka heluna kanaka.
Aia ka helu nui loa o kēia iʻa ma ka East China Sea ma kahakai o Iapana a me Korea. Kūleʻa ka heluna lakedra, kaupalena ʻia ia e ka nui o nā meaʻai i ka iʻa iʻa. Aia ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻikepili ma ka helu o kēia iʻa i ka hohonu o ka Moana Pākīpika, kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai ka hopu ʻia.
Loaʻa ʻo Lakedra ma kahi mamao loa mai kahakai, ʻo ka nui o ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻāina āpau i hiki i nā ʻumi tausani mau tona i kēlā me kēia makahiki, hāʻule ka hapa nui i nā moku Iapana. Ma mua i kekahi mau makahiki i ka iʻa i hiki 130-180 tausani tona.
Ulu ulu ʻia i nā hīnaʻi ʻelua a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā wahi kūwaho i pā ʻia. ʻO ka mahele nui o nā mahiʻai iʻa, kahi e mahi ai i ka lachedra, hāʻule ma Iapana a me Kōlea, ka huina hana o kēia ʻano iʻa ma luna o lākou e hōʻea i 150 tausani tone i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ke hana nei ma Kina a me Taiwan ke lilo nei i mea ʻeleu, kahi e kūpono ai nā kūlana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ua manaʻo ka poʻe Kepani i nā inoa he nui no kēia iʻa - ʻokoʻa lākou i ka ʻāina a me ka makahiki o ka lakedra. No laila, ma ka hikina, ma Kanto, kapa ʻia ka koho liʻiliʻi loa ʻo wakashi, ʻoi iki aʻe - inada, a laila varas, ʻo ka nui loa - nā ʻino.
I ke komohana, ma Kansai, ʻokoʻa loa nā inoa - tsubasu, hamachi a me mejiro, ʻo ka mea hope wale wale nō ke kūʻē - nā ʻino. Kāhea ʻia nā mākua i ka hoʻoilo e kapa ʻia ʻo kan-buri a manaʻo ʻia e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma hope o kēlā me kēia hau.
ʻO Lakedra - kekahi o nā iʻa laha ʻole o ka iʻa i ʻeha ʻole i ka lawaiʻa ʻana, a he waiwai nui kēia. Eia hou, he maʻalahi loa e hānai i ke pio ʻana, kahi e ʻoi aku ai ka maikaʻi. I Iapana a me Kōlea, mahalo nui ʻia ia, a ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka ʻono o ka ʻono, hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia me nā mea ʻono ʻē aʻe, akā ʻoi aku ka palupalu, e like me ka salmon.
Ka lā paʻi: 08/19/2019
Lā hou: 19.08.2019 ma 23:01
