Moskovka a i ʻole tit tit, ʻo ka limu kekahi o nā manu liʻiliʻi e noho ana ma Rūsia. ʻO ke kaupaona o kēia manu he 7-10 wale nō, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 12 kenimika. ʻO kahi manuahi nimble, manu lele e noho ana i nā ululāʻau coniferous o ko mākou ʻāina i kekahi manawa, loaʻa ia i loko o nā ulu ulu ulu a me nā pāka. ʻAʻole makemake e noho i nā kau, akā hiki ke lele i nā mea hānai e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki iā lākou ke noho i kahi ʻohana ma nā pāka a me nā pahu.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Moskovka
ʻO Periparus ater Moskovka he manu ia no ka order Passeriformes, ka ʻohana Tit, ka moʻomeheu Periparus, ʻano Moskovka. Pili ʻo Moskovka i ka papa kahiko o nā manu passerine. Ua noho nā warblers mua ma ka honua a hiki i ka wā o ka Eocene. I ko mākou manawa, nui loa ke ʻano o nā passerines; komo pū me ia he 5400 mau ʻano.
Ua pālahalaha nui kēia mau manu ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā ʻano ater Periparus ater i ko mākou wahi i hōʻike ʻia e 3 mau ʻāpana, ʻelua o lākou no ka hui o nā ʻāpana "phaeonotus", hoʻolaha ʻia kēia mau manu ma Turkey, ka Middle East a me Caucasus. Ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ko mākou ʻāina, hoʻolaha nui nā mea lawelawe ʻo R. a. ʻĀtele
Video: Moskovka
Muscovites he manu liʻiliʻi, akahai. Ua like ke kala o nā wahine a me nā kāne, i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o ke kala o nā kāne ma mua o ka wahine. Ma ka maka o ka manu aia kekahi ʻano "mask" o ke kala ʻeleʻele no laila i kapa ʻia ai ka inoa o nā manu. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke poʻo ke kala-ʻulaʻula kala me kahi aniani ʻoliva, he māmā ka ʻaoʻao o ka manu.
Aia nā hulu ʻeleʻele ma nā ʻaoʻao a undertail. Mai ka laina o nā maka i ka ʻāʻī a ma luna o ka umauma keʻokeʻo ke kala; ma ka umauma, nā ʻaoʻao a ma lalo o nā ʻeheu he mau kiko ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā ʻeheu a me ka huelo o ka manu he ʻano ʻalani. Nuku ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi. Poepoe ke poʻo, liʻiliʻi ka maka, pouli ka iris o nā maka. Ma nā lālā he ʻehā mau manamana, ma nā wēlau o nā māiʻuʻu. Ua wehewehe mua ʻia kēia ʻano e ka ʻepekema ʻo Karl Linnaeus i kāna hana "The System of Nature" i ka makahiki 1758.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka moskovka?
ʻAno like ʻo Muscovy me nā tits maʻamau, akā naʻe, ʻokoʻa iki ka Muscovites mai nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻohana. Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau mea i manu liʻiliʻi loa o ka ʻohana tit. ʻO ka nui o ka manu mai ka nuku a i ka huelo ma kahi o 11 cm, a ʻo ka Muscovy he 8-12 wale nō kaupaona.
Pololei ka nuku, liʻiliʻi. Liʻiliʻi ke poʻo, poepoe kona ʻano. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau manu ko lākou kala ʻokoʻa. Hōʻike ʻia nā papalina keʻokeʻo ma ka maka o ka manu. Mai ka nuku a i ke poʻo holoʻokoʻa, ʻeleʻele ke kala. Loaʻa i kekahi ka manaʻo e kau ʻia kahi "mask" ma ka maka o ka manu, no laila i kapa ʻia ka inoa o ka manu.
Ke hauʻoli ka Muscovy, hāpai ʻo ia i ka hulu ma kona lae i ke ʻano o kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. Aia kekahi kiko keʻokeʻo ma ka piko o ka manu. ʻO ka hina nui me ka brown. ʻEleʻele nā hulu ma ke poʻo me kahi aniani uliuli silvery. Ma nā ʻeheu o ka Muscovy, hina ka hulu, aia nā hiʻohiʻona i ke ʻano o nā kaha keʻokeʻo. Aia i loko o ka huelo he ʻāpana o nā hulu.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kāne a me nā wahine i ka helehelena. He kala like ko nā ʻōpio me ko nā manu makua. Polū ʻeleʻele, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele pāpale me kahi aniani brownish, ma nā papalina ma ka hope o ke poʻo, kahi e loaʻa ai nā kiko keʻokeʻo, melemele ke kala. ʻO nā ʻāpana o nā ʻeheu melemele kekahi.
Lohe ʻia nā leʻaleʻa o kēia mau manu ma nā wahi āpau mai ka waena o Malaki a Kepakemapa. Noho mālie ke mele a nā Muscovites, ʻū ka leo. Aia nā mele i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha huaʻōlelo o ke ʻano: "tuiit", "pii-tii" a i ʻole "C-C-C". Hīmeni pū nā wahine a me nā kāne. Hiki i ka repertoire o hoʻokahi manu ke komo i 70 mau mele. Hoʻohana ʻia nā tits i ke aʻo ʻana i ka hīmeni canary. I ka nahele hihiu, ola ke lumu ma kahi o 8-9 mau makahiki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: He hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi ko Muscovites, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomanaʻo i nā wahi i kahi o ka meaʻai, ka poʻe e hānai manu, a ʻo ka mea nui loa, ma hope o ka noho lōʻihi ʻana i nā wahi kamaʻāina ʻole, hiki i kēia mau manu ke ʻike i ko lākou pūnana a me nā wahi a lākou e peʻe ai i ka meaʻai.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o kahi manu Muscovy. E nānā ma kahi e loaʻa ai ka tit ʻeleʻele.
Ma hea e noho ai ka Muscovy?
Kiʻi: Manu Moskovka
Noho nā Muscovites i nā ululāʻau o Eurasia a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau. Loaʻa pū kekahi ma ka moku Atlas Mountains, ʻApelika a me Tunisia. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Eurasia, hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau manu ma Finilana a ma ka Lūkū ʻākau, ma Siberia. Noho kēia mau manu i ka nui o ka ʻāina ma Kaluga, Tula, Ryazan, noho i ka Urals a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Mongolia. A noho pū kēia mau manu ma Suria, Lebanona, Turkey, Caucasus, Iran, Crimea a me Transcaucasia. I kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa ʻo Moskovok ma ka mokupuni ʻo Sisilia, nā mokupuni ʻo Beritania, Kupero, Honshu, Taiwan, a me nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril.
Noho ʻo Muscovy i ka ulu lāʻau ulu. I kekahi manawa hiki i kahi ululāʻau huikau ke koho no ke ola. Inā noho ia i nā wahi mauna, pūnana i nā pali ulu lāʻau kahi e ulu ai nā pine a me nā ʻoka. ʻAno ʻole ka noho ʻana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 2000 mau mika ma luna o ke kai, akā i ka Himalayas, ʻike ʻia kēia mau manu i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 4500 m. ʻAʻole noho iki nā Muscovites, a i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai hiki iā lākou ke mākaʻikaʻi i nā wahi hou
I nā wahi me ke aniau akahai ma Caucasus a me Lūkia hema, he noho wale nā manu. A noho mau nō kēia mau manu no ka hoʻoilo, a ma ke kikowaena o Lūkia e neʻe ana i nā pāka a me nā pahu. Hoʻokomo ka Muscovites i ka nahele. ʻAʻole hana kēia mau manu i nā neʻe kau o ka wā, akā naʻe, i ka nele o ka meaʻai a i ʻole i ka wā hoʻoilo paʻakikī, hiki i nā manu ke lele i kahi lele, e hoʻomalu i nā ʻāina hou.
No ka pūnana ʻana, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā wahi maʻamau, i nā manawa kakaikahi e pūnana lākou i nā ʻāina hou. Kūkulu ʻia ka pūnana i loko o ka lua a i ʻole ka lua kūlohelohe. I kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke noho i kahi lua i haʻalele ʻia o nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi. Ma muli o ka nui o nā ʻenemi i ka nāhelehele, a me ka hiki ʻole i nā lele lōʻihi, hoʻāʻo ʻo Muscovites e noho kokoke i nā kumu lāʻau a me nā kumu lāʻau.
He aha ka Muscovy e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Moskovka ma Lūkia
ʻO Moskovka i ka meaʻai he unpretentious loa ia. Pili ka papaʻai a ka manu i ka wahi e noho ai ka manu a me ke kau. I ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, ʻai nā manu i nā mea kolo āpau a kanu i nā meaʻai; mai ke kau waena o ke kauwela, hoʻololi nā manu i nā meaʻai kanu I ke kau hoʻoilo, noho ka Muscovites me nā ʻanoʻano, nā hua rowan a me nā mea a ka manu i mālama ai i ke kauwela no ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO ka papaʻai nui o ka Muscovy pū kekahi:
- Zhukov;
- ʻenuhe;
- aphids;
- ʻūlū silika;
- lele a me nā makika;
- ʻūhini, kekeke;
- arthropods;
- nā hua coniferous;
- hua hua rowan, juniper;
- nā hua o ka beech, sequoia, sycamore a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
Makemake pū kēia manu e ʻahaʻaina i nā hua momona o nā hua pala, nā hua hua. Maikaʻi ka Muscovites i ka piʻi ʻana i nā lālā lāʻau e kiʻi i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻEkika loa ka Muscovites, a i ka nāhelehele hana nui kēia mau manu i ke kauwela e hana ana i nā lako no ka hoʻoilo. Hana ka manu i kahi ʻano "pantry" ma lalo o ka ʻiʻo o nā kumulāʻau, kahi e hūnā ai i kāna mau mālama, pale iā lākou mai ka hau. I ka manawa pinepine ua lawa kēia mau mālama no ka manu no ka hoʻoilo a pau.
Lele nā manu e noho kokoke ana i ka home o kekahi kanaka i loko o nā mea hānai a hū i nā palaoa, nā hua nī, nā ʻanoʻano. ʻOiai makaʻu kēia mau manu i ka poʻe, hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke lākou i ka poʻe e hānai iā lākou, e hoʻomanaʻo i kahi o ka mea hānai a hoʻi hou.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Moskovka, he tit ʻeleʻele ʻo ia
ʻO nā Muscovite, e like me nā tits he nui, ʻeleu loa. Ke neʻe mau nei lākou ma waena o nā kumulāʻau, ke kolo nei i nā lālā e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai. Alakaʻi lākou i kahi nohona noho, ʻaʻole makemake i ka neʻe ʻana a haʻalele i ko lākou wahi maʻamau i nā manawa wale nō o ka nele i ka meaʻai, a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻino maikaʻi ʻole. No ka pūnana, makemake nā manu e hoʻi i ko lākou wahi mau.
Noho ʻo Muscovites i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi he 50-60 mau kānaka, eia nō naʻe, ma Siberia a me nā kūlana o ka ʻĀkau, ua kaulana nā pūʻali i kahi o hoʻokahi kaukani mau kānaka. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpana; hui maikaʻi nā Muscovites me nā warblers, nā titmice i ulana ʻia, nā ʻokoke a me nā pikas. I ka wā o ka pūnana, hoʻokaʻawale nā manu i nā pālua a kūkulu i nā pūnana, e noho ana i kahi ʻāina nui.
He kāne ʻohana maikaʻi loa nā tits, hana lākou i mau pālua no ka ʻaneʻane o ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa, mālama lākou i nā keiki no kekahi manawa lōʻihi. He mālie ke ʻano o nā manu, noho maluhia nā manu ma waena o ka ʻohana, ʻaʻohe hakakā. Makaʻu nā manu ʻāhiu i ka poʻe, a hoʻāʻo e hele ʻole i ka poʻe, eia naʻe, i ke kau hoʻoilo, hoʻonāukiuki ke ʻano o ke aniau i nā manu e neʻe i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke nā manu i ka poʻe. Inā mālama ʻia ka Muscovy i ka paʻa pio ʻana, e maʻa koke kēia manu i nā kānaka. Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, hiki i ka manu ke hoʻomaka e ʻūlū i nā hua mai nā lima o ka mea nona, a i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hiki i ka manu ke ʻano piha. Hilinaʻi nui nā tits, maʻa maʻalahi i ka poʻe.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Tit Muscovy
Hoʻomaka ka wā moʻo no Muscovites i ka hopena o Malaki. I loko o kēia wā, hoʻomaka nā kāne e ʻumeʻume i nā wahine me ke mele nui, i lohe ʻia ma nā wahi āpau. Hoʻomaopopo pū lākou i nā kāne ʻē aʻe e pili ana i kahi o ko lākou mokuna, e māka ana i nā palena. Ma waho aʻe o ka hīmeni ʻana, hōʻike nā kāne i ko lākou mākaukau e hana i kahi ʻohana ma ka lana nani ʻana i ka lewa.
I ka wā o ka hulahula ʻana, hoʻonui nā kāne i kāna huelo a me nā ʻēheu, ʻoiai e hoʻomau ana e mele me ka leo nui. ʻO ke koho ʻana o kahi no ka pūnana he mea ia na ke kāne, akā ʻo nā wahine ka mea noho i ka hale. Hana ka wahine i ka pūnana i loko o kahi lua kūiki, i loko o ka lua pōhaku a i ʻole kahi lua rodent haʻalele ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia nā limu palupalu, nā hulu, a me nā ʻōpelu o nā lauoho holoholona e kūkulu i ka pūnana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Pale loa nā wahine i kā lākou mau keiki; i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o nā hua, ʻaʻole haʻalele ka wahine i ka pūnana no ʻelua mau pule paha.
I hoʻokahi kauwela, mālama ʻo Muscovites i ʻelua paʻa lima. ʻO ka lālau mua he 5-12 mau hua a kūkulu ʻia i ka waena o ʻApelila. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka lua o ka paʻa i ka mahina ʻo Iune a he 6-8 mau hua. ʻO nā hua manu o ka Muscovites keʻokeʻo me nā kiko kala. ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā hua manu ma kahi o ʻelua pule. I ka manawa like, hoʻoulu ka wahine i nā hua manu me ka ʻole o ke ala aʻe, a pale ka kāne i ka ʻohana a hāʻawi i ka meaʻai na ka wahine.
Hānau ʻia nā moa liʻiliʻi i uhi ʻia me ka palupalu a hina hina i lalo. Lawe ke kāne i ka meaʻai i nā moa, a hoʻomehana ka makuahine iā lākou a hānai iā lākou no 4 mau lā hou, a ma hope hoʻomaka e kiʻi i nā meaʻai no nā keiki me ke kāne, waiho i nā keiki i ka pūnana. Hoʻomaka ka lele ʻana o Chicks mai ka pūnana ma ka makahiki he 22 mau lā, ʻoiai ke aʻo ʻana e hiki i nā ʻōpio ke lele, noho i ka pō i ka pūnana no kekahi manawa; ma hope, lele aku nā keiki ʻōpio mai ka pūnana mai, a hele hewa i nā pūʻā me nā manu ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o Muscovites
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka moskovka?
Nui nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi.
Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:
- nā manu lele e like me falcon, kite, hawk, ʻaeto, pueo a me nā pueo aeto;
- nā pōpoki;
- martens;
- ʻalopeke a me nā mea ʻaihue ʻē aʻe.
Hānai nā Predators i nā mākua ʻelua a luku i nā pūnana, ʻai i nā hua manu a me nā moa, no laila e hoʻāʻo nei kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi e pili pū i nā ʻohana hipa. ʻO Fledglings, ka mea e hoʻomaka nei e aʻo e lele i ke ʻano palupalu, lilo pinepine i nā mea ʻaihue. ʻAʻole makemake nā Muscovites i kahi ākea, makemake e hūnā i nā lāʻau a me nā ulu lāʻau. Manaʻo lākou palekana ma laila.
E luku ʻia nā pūnana o nā manu e nā rodents, nā hedgehogs, martens, nā ʻalopeke a me nā pōpoki, no laila e hoʻāʻo nā manu e kūkulu i nā pūnana i nā wahi i hiki ʻole i kēia poʻe ʻaihue. Koho lākou i nā hakahaka, nā kahawai me kahi puka hāiki e piʻi ʻole nā mea ʻino i loko o lākou.
ʻAʻole make ka hapa nui o nā Muscovites mai ka paʻa ʻana o nā mea ʻaihue, akā mai nā kūlana o ke kaiaulu ʻoʻoleʻa. ʻAʻole ʻae nā manu i ke anuanu; i ka hoʻoilo, make pinepine nā manu ʻāhiu i ka pōloli me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka meaʻai na lākou, keu hoʻi i ka wā hoʻoilo, ke uhi ʻia kā lākou lako me ka hau. I mea e ola ai i ka hoʻoilo, neʻe nā manu i nā kūlanakauhale i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi. Hiki i nā kānaka ke hoʻopakele i kēia mau manu nani ma ke kau wale ʻana i kahi mea hānai mai kahi lāʻau a lawe mai i kekahi mau palaoa a me nā palaoa.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Moskovka
I kēia lā ʻo ke ʻano ʻo Periparus ater ke kūlana o ka lāhui o ka liʻiliʻi hopohopo. ʻO ka heluna kanaka o kēia ʻano manu ka nui loa. Noho nui nā manu i nā ululāʻau o Eurasia a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau. He paʻakikī loa ke alualu ʻana i ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau manu, ʻoiai e mālama nā manu i nā hipa huikau a hiki ke lele, kaohi ʻana i nā wahi hou. Ma muli o ke aloha o Muscovites e noho i nā spruce a me nā ulu lāʻau i loko o nā wahi he nui o ko mākou ʻāina, ke emi nei ka heluna kanaka o kēia ʻano ma muli o ka nāhelehele.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ma ka moku ʻo Moscow, ua emi nui ka heluna o kēia mau manu. Ua helu ʻia ʻo Moskovka ma ka Red Book o Moscow a hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻāpana i ka ʻāpana 2, kahi ʻano laha ʻole ma ka ʻāina o Moscow me kahi helu hoʻēmi. Ma kahi o 10-12 pālua pūnana pūnana ma ka panalāʻau o Moscow. ʻAʻole makemake paha nā manu i ka walaʻau o ke kūlanakauhale nui, a koho lākou i nā wahi mālie no ke ola.
E pili ana me ka emi ʻana o ka heluna o kēia mau manu ma Moscow a me ka ʻāina, ua hana ʻia nā mea e pale ai i nā manu.
- Aia nā pūnaewele pūnana manu kaulana i nā wahi pale pale kūikawā ʻia;
- ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei nā pāka a me nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka panalāʻau o ke kūlanakauhale nui;
- Nānā nā ornithologists i ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau manu ma Moscow a hana i nā ʻano ʻoluʻolu no ko lākou ola.
Ma ka laulaha, nui ka laha i loko o ka ʻāina, ʻoluʻolu nā manu i ke ʻano a hoʻopuka koke, ʻaʻole pono ka laha i kahi pale kūikawā.
Moskovka manu pono loa. ʻO kēia mau manu he ʻaha maoli o ka nahele, nāna e luku i nā nalo a me nā ʻelala e hōʻeha i nā mea kanu a lawe i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole. Mālama maikaʻi nā manu i ka poʻe, a i ka hoʻoilo hiki iā lākou ke lele i nā kūlanakauhale e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai. Aia i loko o kā mākou mana e hōʻoia i ka noho ʻoluʻolu ʻana o kēia mau manu e kokoke mai iā mākou. Pono lākou e hānai ʻia i kahi manawa i ko lākou kūlohelohe ʻaʻohe mea e hānai ai nā manu.
Lā paʻi: 08/18/2019
Lā hou: 18.08.2019 ma 17:51
