Hoʻi i ka wā kahiko manu kuhukukū ua manaʻo ʻia he hōʻailona o ke aloha, maʻemaʻe, ka maluhia. ʻO kēia manu lokomaikaʻi me kahi ʻano pīhoihoi hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ke alanui wale nō, akā i loko nō hoʻi o kahi noho kanaka - ua lawe ia i kekahi o nā wahi nui i ke kūlana o nā holoholona. Ma muli o ka hoihoi o waho, he kipa pinepine ka manu kuhukukū i nā ʻano hoʻokūkū like ʻole a me nā hōʻike manu o nā nūnū.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Gorlitsa
ʻO ka manu nūnū manu manu kahi ʻano manu mai kahi ʻohana manu nūnū liʻiliʻi. Ua unuhi ʻia kona inoa mai ka Greek kahiko ma ke ʻano he "manu nūnū me ka lei".
ʻO ka subfamily o ka kuhukukū he 16 mau ʻokoʻa kaʻawale a he 5 wale nō o lākou e ʻike ʻia ma ka panalāʻau o Lūkia:
- manu nunu
- maʻamau;
- huelo pokole;
- nui;
- manu kuhukukū liʻiliʻi.
Video: Gorlitsa
Hoʻokumu nā ʻano 16 āpau i kahi hui kūlike o nā manu me nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau. ʻO nā ʻohana pili loa o nā nūnū a me nā kuhukukū nā dodo, i pau i ke kenekulia 17 ma muli o ka hewa o ke kanaka. No nā manawa āpau, ua loaʻa i nā mea noiʻi he kakaikahi loa ke koena o kēia mau manu. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā manu kuhukukū, e like me nā nūnū āpau, nā pilina ʻohana me nā ʻoka a me nā ʻau kai. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope mai, ma hope o ka hoʻokolokolo piha ʻana o ka kaulahao evolutionary, ua ʻae nā mea noiʻi ʻo ke kumu o ka like o waho o kēia mau manu he evolution evolution, kahi ʻano hānai like, ʻaʻole ka evolution nui.
ʻO nā manu nūnū, nā manu nūnū hihiu i mālama ʻia ma mua o 5 tausani mau makahiki i hala. ʻO kekahi mauʻano i hānai wale ʻia no nā hana hoʻonaninani, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia kekahi e ka hoʻohana kūpono. ʻO nā ʻōlelo mua o kēia mau manu i loaʻa i loko o nā palapala hemolele i ka wehewehe ʻana i ka wai hālana a puni ka honua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO ka honu ʻakaʻaka he manu hīnaʻi ʻia a ʻike ʻole ʻia i ke kūlohelohe.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka manu kuhukukū
ʻO kahi manu kuhukukū kahi manu e like loa me ka manu nūnū pōhaku maʻamau, akā ʻoi aku ka lokomaikaʻi, me ke kala ʻano no kēlā me kēia ʻano. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka ʻano, hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kanaka makua ke hōʻea i ka 23-35 kenimika, a ʻo ke kaupaona he 120-300 gram. ʻOkoʻa ka manu nūnū i ka manu nūnū ʻaʻole wale i kona lokomaikaʻi, akā i kāna huelo poepoe a me nā ʻūpā ʻulaʻula hoʻi.
ʻO ka plumage o ke kino o luna o ka honu maʻamau ʻeleʻele kala, he keʻokeʻo kekahi mau hulu, nā kihi beige. Ua hoʻonani ʻia ka ʻāʻī o ka manu me nā kaha ʻeleʻele a me nā keʻokeʻo, i like loa me ka lei. ʻO nā manu kuhukukū he mau manu Palatine Hou ia a hiki i ko lākou iwi luna ke neʻe manuahi e pili ana i ka iwi poʻo. Hoʻohui ʻia ka waihoʻoluʻu maka me ka plumage, hiki ke ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula paha.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o kekahi mau ʻano manu kuhukukū:
- ʻo ka kuhukuku nui ka lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o kēia ʻano. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā mākua 34-35 cm, a ʻo ke kaumaha ma kahi o 300 gram. Maʻalahi ke ʻike i kahi manu nūnū nui e kona kino luna ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻōpū ʻalani. ʻO ka lei ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo hoʻi e hoʻoneʻe hope ʻia i hope;
- kani ʻia - he huelo lōʻihi kā kēia ʻano, i hiki ke like me ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i ka 14-16 knm. Hoʻohui ʻia ke kala ʻāpala uahi o ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma me kahi kua hina. ʻĀlohilohi loa ka lei o ka manu nūnū kani;
- daimana - ola wale nō ma Australia, a ma Rūsia e mālama wale ʻia ia ma ka home. Liʻiliʻi kēia ʻano - ma kahi o 20 mau kenimika me ke kaupaona ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 50 gram. He ahinahina ka plumage me ka pehu ʻana o nā kiko keʻokeʻo, a pena ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o waho o nā ʻeheu i hina hina;
- ʻaʻohe mea maʻamau ka dimorphism mo ka kuhukukū, i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne i ka nui.
Ma hea e noho ai ka manu kuhukukū?
Kiʻi: Turtle Dove ma Lūkia
Pālahalaha nā kuhukukū ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Noho lākou ma Eurasia a pau, ʻApelika, ua lawe ʻia kekahi mau ʻano i Australia, ʻAmelika a ua aʻa maikaʻi ma laila. I nā makahiki he 100 i hala aku nei, ua hoʻonui nui ka manu nūnū i kona wahi noho a hoʻomau i ka noho ʻana i nā panalāʻau hou aku, makemake i ka ʻāina anthropogenic.
Aia ka nohona o ka honu i kona ʻano: ʻike ʻia, kani ʻia, manu kuhukukū nui a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e like me ka noho ʻana i nā pā kūlanakauhale, nā pā, ma nā keʻena o nā hale noho kokoke i nā kānaka, akā hiki ke loaʻa i nā ulu lāʻau. No ka manu nūnū manu kuhukukū, ʻo ke kūlanakauhale kahi wale nō kahi e noho ai, ʻaʻole makaʻu i ka poʻe, maʻalahi maʻalahi ke ʻano.
ʻO Emerald, kahi honu ʻaka ʻaka hihiu, noho wale ʻo ʻApelika i nā nāhelehele deciduous a huikau paha mai kahi noho. He mea nui ia no ka manuahi ke komo manuahi i kēlā me kēia kino wai. ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka hoʻoilo ʻākau o ʻApelika, ma ka Sahara a me ka panalāʻau o Sudan. ʻO nā manu nūnū e noho ana i nā ʻāina me kahi aniau mehana e hana ʻole i nā neʻe makahiki a alakaʻi i kahi nohona noho.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO kekahi mau ʻano manu kuhukukū e noho ana i nā kauhale e hoʻokau pinepine i ko lākou mau pūnana ma nā kukui kaʻa, nā kia ma waenakonu o nā alanui o ke kūlanakauhale kūpikipiki a ʻaʻole makaʻu iki i ka walaʻau o ke kaʻa.
He aha ka meaʻai a ka kuhukukū?
Kiʻi: manu kuhukukū
Aia ma waena o nā manu kuhukukū he mau vegetarians āpau a makemake i nā meaʻai kāwili ʻia.
Pākuʻi ʻia paha ka papaʻai maʻamau o kēia mau manu:
- nā ʻano nāhelehe he nui, e laʻa me nā parasite e weliweli i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona;
- invertebrates liʻiliʻi, larva insect;
- hemp, palaoa, palaoa palaoa;
- nā ʻanoʻano o alder, birch, nā kumu lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka mea ʻono leʻaleʻa o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o kēia mau manu ka pua sunflower. Hiki i nā honu ke hana i ka pōʻino nui i nā mea kanu, hoʻopau loa i nā hua mai nā ʻeke o kēia mea kanu aila. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā hua ʻē aʻe e nā manu wale nō mai ka ʻili o ka honua, me ka ʻole e hoʻopilikia i nā mea kanu ponoʻī. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki i nā kuhukukū ke hoʻouka i kekahi manawa i nā mea kanu sunflower, hiki nō iā lākou ke kōkua i nā mahiʻai ma ka ʻū ʻana i nā ʻanoʻano o nā nāhelehele e "ʻānai" i nā mea kanu.
Ke hoʻouluulu nei i loko o kahi pā hāmama, manu ʻole nā manu i ka meaʻai a ʻaʻohe mea ʻokoʻa i ka momona, akā pono lākou i ka nui o ka wai e inu i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoiai me ka ʻole o ia mea ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopaʻa i waho i hoʻokahi lā.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ma waena o ka poʻe Slavic, ʻo ka helehelena o nā manu nūnū manu e kokoke ana i kahi home i manaʻo ʻia he hōʻailona maikaʻi ia, e hoʻohiki ana i kahi hopena wikiwiki i nā pilikia āpau. ʻO nā kukupa manu kuhukukū kekahi nā kia manu hope, ʻaʻole he nūnū maʻamau.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Nūhou manu kuhukukū
Kuhi ʻia kēia mau manu o ka paradaiso i hōʻailona o ke aloha a me kaʻoiaʻiʻo no kahi kumu. Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi kāne, noho mau nā kuhukukū i kā lākou hoa i ko lākou ola āpau. ʻO kekahi ʻano o kēia mau manu, ma hope o ka make ʻana o ka "wahine", ʻaʻole pili pū me nā hoa ʻē aʻe a hōʻole e hoʻomau i ka genus.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā kukupa manu kuhukukū e ke kūmau i ke koho ʻana i kahi no ka hoʻomoe hua ʻana. Hoʻi lākou i ka pūnana like mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki, akā ma ke ʻano i hiki ʻole i nā mea ʻaihue ke kiʻi iā ia. Hānau nā mākua ʻelua i nā moa. ʻO nā ʻano manu kuhukukū o nā kuhukukū i ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ʻole ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Kepakemapa e neʻe i ka ʻāina ʻApelika i nā hui liʻiliʻi he ʻumikūmālua mau kānaka, a hoʻi wale i Mei.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Kamaʻilio nui nā kuhukukū a pau. Ke ʻoki mau nei lākou, hele wāwae, ʻakaʻaka, hana i nā leo like ʻole, akā hana nui lākou me ka leo nui. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona kekahi o nā hemahema i kā lākou ʻike home.
Pilikia loa ʻo Gorlinki i ke koʻikoʻi. Inā hoʻoweliweli ʻoe i kahi manu e noho ana i kahi hale manu, e pā ia i ka pā me ka ikaika e hiki ʻole ke hōʻalo i nā hōʻeha. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka hīnaʻi e lele manuahi lākou a puni ka lumi, no ka mea no ka pilikia ua hoʻomaka lākou e lele me ka wikiwiki a lele i nā ʻāpana o nā lako a me nā paia. I ko lākou wahi maoli, ʻoi aku ka mālie o nā manu.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Luʻu Lani
I hoʻokahi kau, hiki i ka kuhukuku ke hoʻopaʻa i nā hua he 1-2, ʻo ia hoʻi kēlā mau kānaka e noho nei i nā anuanu mahana. Lōʻihi ka wā pūnana no kēia mau manu. Hana pinepine ʻia ua hoʻoulu ʻia kekahi mau hua i kekahi mau kāne, ʻoiai e hoʻomaka ana kekahi e kūkulu i kahi pūnana. Mālama kēia mau manu i ka lihi o ka ululāʻau, i nā kāʻei nahele, i nā pāka.
Aia ko lākou mau pūnana pālahalaha ʻole ikaika ma nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, ma waena o ko lākou aʻa, i ka nahele, akā aia paha he mau wahi i manaʻo ʻole ʻia - kahi pou kukui, pā a i ʻole kukui kukui. No ko lākou kūkulu ʻana, hoʻohana nā kuhukukū i ka lāʻau brushwood, ka mauʻu, a ma ke kūlanakauhale hiki ke lilo i uea.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻAʻole kūkulu ʻia nā pūnana manu kuhukukū i kēlā me kēia makahiki, makemake e hoʻohana i hoʻokahi no kekahi mau makahiki i ka lālani. Me kēlā me kēia makahiki o ka hoʻomāinoino, lilo i mau pūnana ka ikaika, e like me ka hana ʻana a ka moa moa e like me ka sima.
Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi manu kuhukukū i male ʻia i mau hua i hope no 14-16 mau lā. ʻIke ʻole nā keikikāne i ka mea kōkua ʻole. Mālama nā mākua iā lākou no ka manawa lōʻihi a pale ʻole iā lākou iho, ʻaʻole e waiho i ka pūnana a hiki i ka hopena a hiki i ka makaʻu nui. Hele pinepine nā ʻōpio i ka ʻēheu i ka hopena o ka pule ʻekolu o ke ola, a laila kūʻokoʻa koke nā moa. Hānai lākou i nā ʻohana o 8-10 mau kānaka a mākaukau e hānau i hoʻokahi makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka manu nūnū manu kuhukukū
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻaeto
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ola nā kuhukukū ma kahi o 6-7 mau makahiki a make pinepine i nā māiʻuʻu a i ʻole nā iwi ā o nā mea ʻino.
Nui ko lākou mau ʻenemi:
- ʻaneʻane pau nā manu lele;
- ʻalopeke, ʻīlio, pōpoki a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe hiki ke ʻimi ʻelua i nā holoholona a me nā holoholona ʻōpio a luku i nā pūnana.
Kūpono kekahi ʻano o nā manu kuhukukū i ka hopu holoholona. ʻO ka nui o nā moa e make i ka pule mua ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Hāʻule pinepine lākou i nā pūnana, a ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke lele, lilo lākou i mea pio na kekahi kanaka a ʻaʻole hiki i ko lākou mau mākua ke kōkua iā lākou ma kekahi ʻano. ʻO ia no ka haʻahaʻa o ke ola o nā holoholona ʻōpio i lawe ʻia nā manu nūnū he nui ʻaʻole hoʻokahi, akā he mau paʻa i kēlā me kēia kau.
Hiki i ke kanaka ke kapa ʻia he ʻenemi o kēia mau manu o paradaiso. No nā makahiki he nui i hala, ua ʻimi ikaika ʻia kekahi o nā ʻano manu kuhukukū, keu hoʻi i ko lākou mau wahi hoʻoilo, kahi i lele nui ai lākou. He hopena maikaʻi ʻole kā ka hana waiwai kanaka i ko lākou heluna kanaka. Mālama ʻia nā māla me nā kemika like ʻole, a ʻoiai ʻo ka palaoa kahi ʻāpana o ka papa maʻamau o kēia mau manu, ʻo lākou ka mea ʻeha mua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: I nā ʻano hana i hana ʻia i hiki ʻole ke hana ʻia, hiki i nā manu nūnū kuhukū ke noho i nā makahiki he iwakālua a hānau mau keiki.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Manu ʻEeto
I ka waena o ke kenekulia i hala, ua koho ʻia ka heluna o nā kuhukukū ma Lūkia e nā ornithologists ma 1.7-2.9 miliona mau kānaka, a i kēia lā ua emi iho ko lākou helu ma mua o ka hapalua. I kekahi mau wahi o ka ʻāina, loaʻa wale he mau paʻa o kēia mau manu i loaʻa. I loko nō o ka emi wikiwiki ʻana o ka heluna manu kuhukukū, ʻaʻole ia i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Red Book o Lūkia, akā pale wale ʻia ia ma nā wahi he nui. Ke kani nei ka poʻe loea i ka pū waikaua, e hoʻāʻo nei e kau i ka nānā i kēlā pilikia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka manu kuhukukū ka manu o 2019.
Wahi a nā ornithologists, i mea e mālama ai i ka lehulehu, pono i nā kuhukukū ke hānai i nā moa he nui a hiki, a no kēia mea e pono ai e hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi i ko lākou wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Pono e pale ikaika ʻia kēia laha i nā ʻāina hoʻoilo ma ka panalāʻau o Rūsia, a e hoʻolauna ʻia ka pāpā ʻana i nā kuhukukū a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka heluna o kā lākou helu i kahi wikiwiki weliweli.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hōʻike nā Ornithologists i ka hiki ʻole o ka hele ʻana i nā laha hihiu o ka manu nūnū a me nā nūnū kūloko, ʻoiai e alakaʻi ka pilina i nā hoʻololi weliweli me kahi hopena make. Hoʻokumu pālua nā manu iā lākou iho a ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻopilikia i kēia kaʻina. Eia hou, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi manu nūnū hihiu ma mua o nā manu nūnū, ʻo ia hoʻi hiki i kā lākou mau moa ke hoʻololi loa i ka ʻōnaehana kūlohelohe, a he mea makemake ʻole ʻia ia.
Kāleka He manu kupaianaha me kahi hanohano i hala. Ua hauʻoli ʻo ia i ka hoʻohanohano kūikawā no nā makahiki he mau kaukani, akā i kēia lā ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia nei kēia mea aloha aloha. Ua kokoke mau ka honu i kahi kanaka, a inā paha e hoʻomau hou kēia i kā mākou hanauna a me kā mākou mau hana e pale aku ai.
Ka lā paʻi: 08/17/2019
Lā hou: 17.08.2019 ma 21:42
