ʻTleʻoki He mea kupaianaha hiki keʻauʻau i nā wikiwiki nui ma kahi mamao aku, e hoʻoneʻe koke iā ia iho, e kāwili i kāna mau mea me ka inika lepo ʻino, a e leʻaleʻa i kāna mea pio me ka hōʻike kupaianaha o ka hypnotism ʻike. Hoʻokumu nā Invertebrates i 95% o nā holoholona āpau, a cephalopods i manaʻo ʻia he invertebrates akamai loa ma ka honua.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Cuttlefish
ʻO Cuttlefish nā molluscs, me ka heʻe, nāutilus a me nā heʻe, he hui i kapa ʻia ʻo cephalopods, ʻo ia hoʻi ke poʻo a me ka wāwae. Loaʻa nā ʻāpana āpau i kēia hui i nā tentacles i pili i ko lākou poʻo. Ua ʻike ʻia ka cuttlefish o kēia ao i ka wā Miocene (ma kahi o 21 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei) a ua iho mai kahi kūpuna e like me ka belemnite.
Video: ʻO Cuttlefish
Pili ʻo Cuttlefish i ke kaʻina o molluscs i loaʻa ka pūpū o loko i kapa ʻia he pā iwi iwi. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka cuttlefish o ka calcium carbonate a hana nui i ka buoyancy o kēia mau molluscs; ua mahele ʻia i nā keʻena liʻiliʻi e hiki ai i ka cuttlefish ke hoʻopiha a i ʻole ka hakahaka gas e pili ana i kā lākou mau pono.
Hiki i ka cuttlefish i kahi lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o 45 cm, ʻoiai ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi kikoʻī 60 cm. ʻO kā lākou kapa (ma ke kino nui ma luna o nā maka) he papa iwi iwi, nā mea hānau a me nā ʻōnaehana digestive. Pālua nā pale lū i ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa o ko lākou kapa, e hana ana i nā nalu i ko lākou ʻau ʻana.
Mea hoihoi: Aia ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli mau ʻano o ka ʻoki i ka honua. ʻO ka lāhui nui loa ka ʻoki ʻoki nunui ʻo Australian (Sepia apama), hiki ke ulu a hoʻokahi mita i ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ma luna o 10 kg. ʻO ka mea liʻiliʻi ʻo Spirula spirula, kahi i ʻoi iki i ka 45 mm o ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka lāhui Pelekane nui loa ka cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) maʻamau, a hiki i 45 cm ka lōʻihi.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o kahi ʻoki
Nui ka lolo o ka cuttlefish i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā invertebrates ʻē aʻe (nā holoholona me ka iwi ʻole o ka iwi), i hiki ai i ka cuttlefish ke aʻo a hoʻomanaʻo. ʻOiai he makapō makapō, he maka maikaʻi loa kā lākou a hiki ke hoʻololi koke i ko lākou kala, ʻano a me ka neʻe e kamaʻilio a hoʻowalewale iā lākou iho.
Aia ko lākou poʻo ma ke kumu o ka ʻahu, me nā maka nui ʻelua ma nā ʻaoʻao a me nā iwi ʻāʻī e like me ka nuku ma waenakonu o ko lākou mau lima. ʻEwalu ko lākou mau wāwae a me ʻelua mau halelewa lōʻihi no ke kiʻi ʻana i nā pio e hiki ke huki piha i ke kino. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā mākua e kā lākou mau laina keʻokeʻo e lālā nei mai ke kumu o ko lākou mau lima kolu.
Mea hoihoi: Hoʻokumu ʻo Cuttlefish i nā ao o ka inika ke ʻike lākou i kahi hoʻoweliweli. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia inika e nā mea pena kiʻi a me nā mea kākau (sepia).
Lawe ʻia ka cuttlefish ma o ka wai e ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "ʻenekini jet". He peʻa e holo i nā ʻaoʻao o Cuttlefish. Me ko lākou mau lili luhi ʻole, hiki i ka cuttlefish ke hoʻolei, kolo, a ʻauʻau. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka "ʻenekini jet" i hiki ke lilo i mea hoʻopakele pono. Loaʻa kēia i ke kahe ʻana i ke kino a kaomi wikiwiki ʻana i ka wai mai ka lua i loko o ko lākou kino ma o kahi siphon e like me ke ʻano funnel e pahu iā lākou i hope.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO Cuttlefish nā mea hoʻololi kala akamai. Mai ka hānau ʻana, hiki i ka ʻohana ʻoki ʻōpio ke hōʻike he ʻumikūmākolu mau ʻano o ke kino.
ʻO nā maka Cuttlefish kekahi o nā mea i hoʻomohala ʻia i ke aupuni holoholona. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia e nā kānaka ʻepekema ua hoʻomohala piha ʻia ko lākou mau maka ma mua o ka hānau ʻana a hoʻomaka e nānā i ko lākou kaiapuni ʻoiai e noho ana i ka hua manu.
Loaʻa i ke koko Cuttlefish kahi aka o ka uliuli-uliuli no ka mea hoʻohana ia i ka hemocyanin keleawe keleawe e halihali i ka oxygen ma kahi o ka hemoglobin protein hao ʻulaʻula i loaʻa i nā māmela. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ke koko e ʻekolu puʻuwai kaʻawale, ʻelua o ia mau mea e pīpī i ke koko i loko o nā ʻoki cuttlefish, a ʻo ke kolu e hoʻohana i ka pauma koko i loko o ke kino.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻoki?
Kiʻi: Cuttlefish i ka wai
ʻO ka Cuttlefish kahi ʻano kai wale nō a hiki ke loaʻa i ka nui o nā wahi kai mai ke kai papau a i nā hohonu hohonu a anuanu i nā kai wela. Noho ʻo Cuttlefish i ka hoʻoilo i ka wai hohonu a neʻe i ka wai kai kahakai i ka puna a me ke kauwela e hānau.
ʻIke ʻia ka cuttlefish maʻamau ma ke Kai Waena, ʻAkau a me nā Moana Baletika, ʻoiai ke manaʻo ʻia nei ua loaʻa ka heluna kanaka i ka hema a hiki i ʻApelika Hema. Loaʻa lākou i nā hohonu sublittoral (ma waena o ke kai haʻahaʻa a me ka lihi o ka papa kuhina, a hiki i kahi o 100 mau anana a 200 m).
ʻO kekahi mau ʻano ʻoki i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā mokupuni ʻo Pelekane.
- ʻO cuttlefish maʻamau (Sepia officinalis) - maʻamau loa ma kahakai o Hema a me Hema-Komohana ʻEnelani a me Wale. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka cuttlefish maʻamau i nā wai pāpaʻu i ka wā o ka hala ʻana o ka pū lau a me ke kau hoʻoilo o ke kauwela;
- nani cuttlefish (Sepia elegans) - Loaʻa i kahiki i ka wai o Pelekane hema. ʻOi aku ka lahilahi o kēia mau mea cuttlefish ma mua o ka cuttlefish maʻamau, pinepine me ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka ʻaukā liʻiliʻi ma kekahi wēlau;
- ʻoki ʻoki (Sepia orbigniana) - kahi ʻokiʻoki laha ʻole i ka wai o Beritania, e like me ke ʻano o ka cuttlefish nani, akā ʻaʻole loaʻa iki ma ka hema o Pelekane.
- ʻoki liʻiliʻi (Sepiola atlantica) - ʻano like me kahi cuttlefish liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia ʻano laha ma ka hema a ma ke komohana hema o ʻEnelani.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka cuttlefish. E ʻike kākou i ka mea a kēia mollusk e ʻai ai.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka ʻoki?
Kiʻi: ʻĀpana kai
ʻO ka Cuttlefish nā holoholona līlū, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻimi nei lākou no kā lākou meaʻai. ʻO lākou pū kekahi, he pio o nā holoholona, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻimi ʻia e nā meaola nui aʻe.
ʻO nā moku kalaiwi maʻamau nā haku o ka hoʻonalonalo. ʻO kā lākou mau ʻano hana e loli kala ʻokoʻa ana e ʻae iā lākou e hui maikaʻi me kā lākou kua. Hāʻawi pū kekahi iā lākou e hele pinepine i luna o kā lākou mea pio, a laila e kī aku i nā tentacles (i loaʻa nā kui kuʻi like me kā lākou mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo) i ka wikiwiki e hopu iā ia. Hoʻohana lākou i nā kīʻaha ʻoki o kā lākou mau tentacles e hoʻopaʻa i kā lākou mea pio a hoʻihoʻi lākou i ko lākou nuku. ʻAi nui ka cuttlefish i nā crustacean a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka cuttlefish kahi mea noho ma lalo e hoʻohālua pinepine i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e like me ka pāpaʻi, ʻōpae, iʻa a me nā mollusc liʻiliʻi. Covertly, e heʻe ka cuttlefish i kāna mea pio. ʻO ka neʻe pinepine ʻana o kēia neʻe me kahi hōʻike mālamalama i kona ʻili e like me nā kahakaha o nā kala e pulsate ma ke kino, e hoʻohoka ana i ka mea i hoʻopā ʻia me ke kahaha a me ka mahalo. A laila wehe ia i kona mau wāwae 8 ākea a hoʻokuʻu i 2 mau lole keʻokeʻo lōʻihi e lālau i ka mea pio a huki hou iā ia i loko o kona nuku e ʻoki ana. He hoʻouka kaua weliweli ia e hoʻohauʻoli pinepine nā poʻe scuba scuba a laila e kamaʻilio kamaʻilio ʻole e pili ana iā ia ma hope o ka luʻu ʻana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Cuttlefish i ke kai
ʻO Cuttlefish nā haku o ka hoʻowahāwahā, hiki ke hele mai ʻike ʻole ʻia a maopopo loa hoʻi a hoʻi hou i kahi o 2 kekona. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i kēia maʻa e hui pū me nā ʻano kūlohelohe, a hiki iā lākou ke camouflage maikaʻi me nā kāʻei hana. ʻO Cuttlefish nā mōʻī ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā camouflage ma waena o nā cephalopods. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kekeʻe i ko lākou kino, e like me ka heʻe, akā e hoʻoliʻiliʻi wale ia.
ʻO Cephalopods kahi camouflage kupaianaha, ma muli o kā lākou chromatophores - ʻeke o ka ʻulaʻula, melemele a ʻeleʻele pigment i loko o ka ʻili, ʻike ʻia (a ʻike ʻole ʻia) e nāʻiʻo a puni ko lākou anapuni. Aia kēia mau mākala ma lalo o ka kaohi pololei o nā neurons i nā kikowaena motika o ka lolo, ʻo ia ke kumu e hiki ai iā lākou ke hui wikiwiki me ke kua. ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka camouflage ke ʻano loli o ka ʻili cuttlefish, i loaʻa nā papillae - nā ʻāpana o nā mākala e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ʻili o ka holoholona mai ka laumanu a i ka prickly. He mea maikaʻi loa kēia, no ka laʻana, inā pono ʻoe e hūnā ma kahi kokoke i kahi pōhaku e malu ʻia e nā pūpū.
ʻO ka ʻāpana hope loa o ka cuttlefish camouflage haku ʻia nā leukophores a me nā iridophores, nā papa aniani ʻano nui, aia ma lalo o nā chromatophores. Hōʻike ka Leucophores i ka mālamalama ma luna o kahi ākea o nā nalu, i hiki ai iā lākou ke hōʻike i kahi kukui i loaʻa i kēia manawa - no ka laʻana, ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i ka wai pāpaʻu a me ke kukui polū i ka hohonu. Hoʻohui ʻo Iridophores i nā platelet o kahi protein i kapa ʻia ʻo reflin me nā papa o ka cytoplasm, e hana ana i nā aniani iridescent e like me nā ʻēheu o kahi butterfly. Hoʻokumu nā Iridophores o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e like me kekahi iʻa a me nā mea kolo, e hana i nā hopena o ke ākea i ke kukui i nā nalu uliuli a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hiki i ka Cuttlefish ke hoʻohuli i kēia mau mea hoʻohālikelike a i ʻole i mau kekona a i ʻole mau minuke e ka manipulate ʻana i ka spageletelet e koho i ke kala.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻAʻole hiki i ka Cuttlefish ke ʻike i nā kala, akā hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i ke kukui polarized, kahi hoʻololi i hiki ke kōkua i ko lākou hiki ke ʻike i ka hoʻohālikelike a hoʻoholo i nā kala a me nā lauana e hoʻohana ke hoʻohui ʻia me ko lākou kaiapuni. ʻO ko kā cuttlefish haumāna kahi ʻano W a kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikaika o ke kukui e komo i ka maka. E kia i kahi mea, hoʻololi ka cuttlefish i ke kinona o kona maka, ʻaʻole ke ʻano o nā aniani o ka maka, e like me mākou.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Cub cuttlefish
Hana ʻia nā pōʻai hānau o ka cuttlefish i ka makahiki āpau, me nā kui kuʻikuʻi i Malaki a me Iune. He dioecious ʻo Cuttlefish, ʻo ia hoʻi, he kāne ʻokoʻa a me ka wahine kā lākou. Lawe nā kāne i ka sperm i nā wahine ma o ka hectocotylized tentacle (kahi tentacle i hoʻololi ʻia no ka male ʻana).
E hōʻike ana ka cuttlefish kāne i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa keka i ka wā o ka noho aloha ʻana. Hoʻonohonoho ka mau maka i ko lāua kino i ka maka i hiki i ke kāne ke hoʻoneʻe i ka ʻeke paʻa o ka sperm i ka ʻeke ma lalo o ka waha o ka wahine. Holo ka wahine i kahi wahi kūmau, kahi e lawe ai i nā hua manu mai kona lua a lawe aku iā lākou ma o ka sperm, e hoʻomomona ana iā ia. I ka hihia o nā ʻāpala he nui o ka sperm, lanakila ka mea ma hope o ka lālani, ʻo ia ka hope.
Ma hope o ka momona, kiaʻi ka kāne i ka wahine a hiki i ka waiho ʻana i kahi hōʻuluʻulu o nā hua hua waina ʻeleʻele momona, e hoʻopili a hoʻopaʻa i nā limu a i ʻole nā hanana ʻē aʻe. Hoʻolahalaha pinepine nā hua i loko o nā paʻa i uhi ʻia i ka sepia, kahi māna kala e hana ma ke ʻano he cohesive force a hiki paha i ka uhi ʻana i ko lākou kaiapuni. Hiki i ka Cuttlefish ke waiho ma kahi o 200 mau hua i loko o nā puʻupuʻu, pinepine kokoke i nā wahine ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o 2 a 4 mau mahina, hatch nā ʻōpio ma muli o nā mana liʻiliʻi o ko lākou mau mākua.
He hua nui ko Cuttlefish, 6-9 mm ke anawaena, i mālama ʻia i loko o ka oviduct, a laila waiho ʻia i loko o nā kolopa i lalo o ke kai. Waihoʻoluʻu nā hua i ka inika e kōkua iā lākou e kāwili maikaʻi ʻia me ke kua. He yolk momona a nā ʻōpio e kākoʻo iā lākou a hiki i ka wā e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻolako iā lākou iho i ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole like me ko lākou mau hoahānau heʻe, heʻe, ua ulu a kūʻokoʻa ʻia ka cuttlefish. Hoʻomaka koke lākou e hoʻāʻo e alualu i nā crustacea liʻiliʻi a hoʻohana instinctively i kā lākou arsenal predatory kūlohelohe āpau.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: I loko nō o ko lākou kūlana pale a pale kaua hoʻi a me ko lākou ʻike maopopo, ʻaʻole lōʻihi ke ola o ka cuttlefish. Noho lākou i nā wahi ma waena o 18 a me 24 mau mahina, a make koke nā wahine ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka cuttlefish
Kiʻi: ʻO Octopus cuttlefish
Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka cuttlefish, alualu ʻia lākou e nā mea ʻai kai ʻino.
ʻO ka mea ʻai nui nui o ka cuttlefish ka maʻamau:
- manō;
- angler;
- iʻa pahi kaua;
- ʻoki kalai ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻopuka pū nā Dolphins i kēia cephalopods, akā hānai wale lākou i ko lākou mau poʻo. Hoʻoweliweli nā kānaka i ka cuttlefish ma ke alualu ʻana iā lākou. E hoʻāʻo paha kā lākou ʻano pale mua e pale aku i ka ʻike a nā mea ʻino e hoʻohana ana i kā lākou camouflage kupaianaha, i hiki ke hoʻolilo iā lākou e like me nā koʻa, nā pōhaku, a me ka moana i ka manawa ʻole. E like me kona kaikaina, ka heʻe, hiki i ka cuttlefish ke pīpī i ka inika i loko o ka wai, e uhi ana i kāna mea makemake e lilo i loko o ke ao ʻōuliuli o ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele.
Ua ʻike lōʻihi nā kānaka noiʻi hiki i ka cuttlefish ke pane i ka malamalama a me nā mea hoʻonāukiuki ʻē aʻe ke hoʻomohala nei i loko o ka hua. Ma mua o ka hatch, hiki i nā embryo ke ʻike i ka hoʻoweliweli a hoʻololi i ko lākou hanu ʻana i ka pane. Hana ka cephalopod i hānau ʻole ʻia i nā mea āpau i loko o ka ʻōpū e hōʻole i ka ʻike ʻana inā pilikia ka predator - me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kona hanu. ʻAʻole wale kēia hana kupaianaha maikaʻi loa, ʻo ia nō ka hōʻike mua i hiki i nā invertebrates ke aʻo i loko o ka ʻōpū, e like me nā kānaka a me nā vertebrates ʻē aʻe.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o kahi ʻoki
ʻAʻole hoʻokomo ʻia kēia molluscs i nā papa inoa o nā ʻano mea aneane pau ʻole, a ʻaʻohe nui o ka ʻikepili i ko lākou heluna kanaka. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i nā lawaiʻa kālepa ma Australia Hema a hiki i 71 tonnes i ka wā o ka moʻa no ka ʻai a me ka maunu o ke kanaka. Ma muli o ko lākou ola pōkole a me ka hānau ʻana hoʻokahi wale nō manawa i ke ola, ʻike ʻia ka hoʻoweliweli o ka lawaiʻa ʻana. ʻAʻohe o ka mālama ʻana i kēia manawa no ka kaupalena ʻana i ka iʻa o ka cuttlefish, akā pono nō e hoʻohui i ka cuttlefish nunui i ka papa inoa o nā ʻano mea ʻane pau.
Mea hoihoi: Ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ua ʻike ʻia he 120 mauʻano o ka cuttlefish, mai ka 15 knm a i ka nunui Australia cuttlefish, he pinepine ka hapalua mika ka lōʻihi (ʻaʻole me kā lākou tentacles) a kaupaona ma luna o 10 kg.
I ka makahiki 2014, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi ana heluna kanaka ma kahi i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ma Point Lawley i ka piʻi mua ʻana o ka cuttlefish i nā makahiki ʻeono - 57,317 a me 13,492 i ka makahiki 2013. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena o ka nānā ʻana i ka makahiki 2018 ua hoʻonui ʻia ka helu makahiki o ka nui o ka cuttlefish nunui Australia mai ka 124,992 i ka 2017 a i ka 150,408 i ka makahiki 2018.
Makemake nā poʻe he nui e mālama i ka cuttlefish e like me nā holoholona. Maʻalahi maʻalahi kēia e hana ma UK a me ʻEulopa, no ka mea, ʻo nā ʻāpana o ka cuttlefish e like me Sepia officinalis, ka "ʻĀpana moku ʻEulopa" hiki ke loaʻa ma aneʻi. Ma ka US, eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe ʻano kūlohelohe, a ʻo nā lāhui i lawe nui ʻia mai Bali mai, i kapa ʻia ʻo Sepia bandensis, kahi huakaʻi hele ʻilihune a hōʻea i ke ʻano he kanaka makua a he mau pule wale nō kā lākou e ola ai. ʻAʻole lākou e koi ʻia e like me nā holoholona.
ʻTleʻoki ʻo ia kekahi o nā mollusc hoihoi loa. Kapa ʻia lākou i kekahi manawa he chameleons kai ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hoʻololi koke i ke kala o ka ʻili i ka makemake. Mākaukau maikaʻi ka cuttlefish no ka hopu holoholona. Ke hiki aku ka ʻōpae a iʻa paha i loko, hiki i ka cuttlefish ke kiʻi iā ia a kī i ʻelua mau halelewa e lālau i kāna mea pio. E like me ko lākou ʻohana heʻe, peʻe ka cuttlefish mai nā ʻenemi me nā camouflage a me nā ao o ka inika.
Lā paʻi: 08/12/2019
Lā hou: 09.09.2019 ma 12:32
