Kulan

Kulan - he holoholona o ka ʻohana equine, nona ka nui o nā mea like me nā mea pili loa: he lio a me kahi hoki. Loaʻa iā Equus hemionus i kona inoa binomial i ka mea loea Kelemania ʻo Peter Pallas.

Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe

Kiʻi: Kulan

ʻO Kulans no ka genus Equus - nā lio, me nā kūpuna maʻamau me lākou. Ua iho mai nā equids mai Dinohippus, e hala ana i kahi pae waena ma ke ʻano o Plesippus. ʻO kahi holoholona me ka wehewehe o ka zebra poʻo poʻo - ʻO Equus simplicidens i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka lāhulu mua loa. ʻO ka fossil kahiko loa i loaʻa ma Idaho he 3.5 miliona mau makahiki.

Ua pālahalaha kēia ʻano ma Eurasia, Lūkia a me ʻEulopa Komohana, kahi i loaʻa ai nā koena o Equus livenzovensis. ʻO nā iwi i loaʻa ma Kanada e hoʻi ana i ka Middle Pleistocene (7 Ma). ʻO nā lālā kahiko ka mea i kapa ʻia he hemions Asia: kulan, onager, kiang. ʻO kā lākou koena no ka Pleistocene mua ma Central Asia. Ma ʻAkau Hema, ʻo Arctic Siberia, nā kūpuna o nā kūka i loaʻa i ka hopena o Pleistocene.

Video: Kulan

Ma ka Middle Pleistocene, ua loaʻa ke kulanui ma nā wahi āpau o Central Asia, ma nā ʻāpana steppe o Ukraine, Crimea, Transcaucasia a me Transbaikalia. I ka Pleistocene Late - ma ke komohana a me ʻAkia Waena, ma ke awāwa o ka muliwai ʻo Yenisei. Ma Yakutia, ma Kina.

ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: I loko o ka sediment Texas Middle Pleistocene ma 1970 i loaʻa ai ke koena o Equus franciski, like me ka Yakut.

Kūlike like ʻo Kulans ma waho me kā lākou ʻohana ʻē aʻe - nā hoki, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona i ka ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ko lākou inoa Lākina - hemionus, semi-donkey. Kapa ʻia nā holoholona he jigetai. Loaʻa iā lākou kekahi mau ʻāpana ʻelua, ua make nā mea ʻelua (Anatolian a me Suria).

ʻEhā mau ʻāpana o nā kulanui i loaʻa ma:

• ʻĀkau ʻākau - ʻIrana a i ʻole onager (onager),
• ʻO Turkmenistan a me Kazakhstan - Turkmen (kulan),
• Mongolia - Mongolian (hemionus),
• ʻĀkau komohana o ʻĀnia, ʻĀkau hema a me Pakistan - ʻInia (khur).

I ka wā ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia hiki i nā ʻāpana Iran a me Turkmen ke hui pū ʻia, akā ua hōʻoia ʻia ka noiʻi hou e ʻokoʻa ana kekahi i kekahi. Hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o gobi kulans (luteus).

Aia kekahi ʻano e pili ana i kapa ʻia ʻo kiang. ʻIke ʻia ia ma ke komohana o Kina a me Tibet, a i kēia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia nā mea nui loa o nā kula, akā me ke kōkua ʻana o nā noiʻi mole i hōʻike ʻia he ʻano kaʻawale kēia, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā kāhuna ma kahi o ʻelima mau miliona mau makahiki.

Ua hoʻomohala pono ʻia kēia mau equids, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokokoke aku ma mua o hoʻokahi kilomita. Akā hiki iā ia ke hele kokoke i kahi kanaka wahaheʻe, hiki ke kolo iā ia ʻaʻole kokoke ma mua o 200 mika. ʻIke ʻo Kulans i nā kani wikiwiki aʻe ma mua o nā kānaka, e hoʻoholo ana i ko lākou ʻaoʻao. ʻOno ka honi o ka holoholona, ​​ʻoiai i ka wela, i ka ea wela, ʻaʻohe ona hopena.

ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ke kulanui

ʻO Kulans waho he like loa me nā lio. He wāwae kiʻekiʻe ko lākou, lahilahi ke kino, akā ʻaʻole kaulike ke poʻo, ʻo nā pepeiao kekahi mea ma waena o ka hoki a me ka lio. ʻAʻole hiki ka huelo i ka hock, uhi ʻia me nā lauoho, i ka hopena, hana ka lauoho lōʻihi i kahi palaki ʻeleʻele, e like me ka zebra a i ʻole ka hoki.

Pōkole ka hulu o ka holoholona (1 cm), pena ʻia i ke kala one-melemele me ka apricot nani a i ʻole ka ʻalani, ma ke kualono he kahakai pouli - he kāʻei me nā lauoho lōʻihi. Uhi ʻia kekahi mau wahi me ka kirimalu māmā a i ʻole ke keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā ʻaoʻao, ka ʻaoʻao i luna o nā wāwae, ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī ka melemeleʻoi aku, ma ke kua ka māmā o ke kani. ʻO ka hapa haʻahaʻa o ke kino, ka ʻāʻī a me nā wāwae i pena keʻokeʻo ʻia. ʻO ke aniani nui he kala keʻokeʻo hoʻi, mai ia mea, e piʻi aʻe ana ma luna o ka huelo, ma ke kahakaha ʻeleʻele eleele, kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e kikoo ana.

Keʻokeʻo nā pepeiao i loko, melemele i waho, keʻokeʻo hoʻi ka hope o ka waha. Ke ulu nei kahi mane ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele me ka ʻole o nā bangs i waena o nā pepeiao i waenakonu o ka ʻāʻī a hiki i ka mae ʻana. ʻĀwī nā ʻulū pouli i kona ʻano, liʻiliʻi akā ikaika. Aia nā pahu umauma i nā wāwae mua. ʻEleʻele nā ​​maka. ʻO ka hoʻoilo o ke kala i ʻeleʻele iki ma mua o ke kauwela me kahi aniani puʻupuʻu a lepo. ʻO kona lōʻihi i ka hoʻoilo a hiki i 2.5 knm, he wavy, anuanu, ma ke kuahiwi, nā lauoho lōʻihi e hana i kahi kuahiwi i ʻike ʻia.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka makua he 2 - 2.2 m. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona ma kahi maloʻo e hōʻea i 1.1 - 1.3 m. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo me ka ʻole o kahi kaula he 45 cm, me kahi kaula - 70-95 cm. ʻO ka pepeiao he 20 cm, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka iwi poʻo. 46 cm. ʻOi iki ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, akā ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻole i lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae o nā holoholona ʻōpio, hana lākou i 80% o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Kaua hakakā nā kāne kāne kāne i ka wā rutting. Holo lākou i ka ʻenemi, kīkā i ko lākou niho, kaomi ʻana i ko lākou pepeiao, e hoʻāʻo ana e hopu iā ia e nā hock. Inā kūleʻa kēia, a laila hoʻomaka ka lio i ka wili i ka hoa paio a hiki i kona kīkē ʻana iā ia i ka honua, hāʻule iā ia a hoʻomaka e nahu ma ka ʻāʻī. Inā ua hana ke kāne lanakila, kū i luna a holo aku, a laila ʻo ka mea lanakila, ua loaʻa iā ia, lālau i ka huelo, kū a hoʻāʻo e hana hou i ka ʻenehana.

Ma hea e noho ai ke kula?

Kiʻi: Kulan ma Kazakhstan

Makemake kēia mau ungulate i nā steppes mauna, steppes, semi-Desert, nā wao nahele o ke ʻano papu a puu paha. I nā wahi he nui, koi ʻia lākou mai nā ʻāpana steppe e hele i nā wao nahele semi-productivity haʻahaʻa. Hiki ke hana i nā wahi mauna a me nā pae mauna keʻa, akā pale i nā hiʻohiʻona pali. Hana nā holoholona i nā neʻe kau o ke kau mai ka ʻākau a i ka hema, e hala ana i 10-20 km i kēlā me kēia lā.

Hōʻalo ʻo Ungulate i ka ʻike ʻole ʻia ma nā pali one ʻalu. I nā wā ʻino a me nā ʻino hau, ʻimi lākou e peʻe i nā awāwa hāiki. I nā wao akua, makemake ia i ka cereal-wormwood, onion, nā wahi ʻai paʻakai, nā ulu lāʻau semi-shrub. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki ke loaʻa pinepine i loko o nā ululāʻau o ka wao nahele, feather-grass-forb steppes.

Loaʻa ʻo Kulans i nā ʻāina ʻewalu o ka honua:

• Kina;
• Monokolia;
• Inia;
• Kasakana;
• Tukemenikana;
• Apekanikana;
• Usepekikana;
• Iseraela.

I nā ʻāina ʻelua i hala, hoʻolauna hou ʻia kēia holoholona. ʻO nā wahi nui ʻo Mongolia hema a me Kina e pili ana. ʻO nā heluna ʻē aʻe i koe he liʻiliʻi a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi i kekahi, ma ka huina he 17 mau kaʻawale kaawale o kēia mau holoholona, ​​ʻaʻole pili kekahi i kekahi. Ma Transbaikalia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke kulanui ma kahi o ka Lake Torey Nur, kahi a lākou e komo ai mai Mongolia.

Ma nā panalāʻau o Batkhyz (Turkmenistan), ʻike ʻia nā neʻe kau ʻana, ke neʻe nā holoholona i ke kūkulu hema i Afghanistan, kahi i loaʻa nui nā kumu wai. I ka mahina ʻo Iune-Iulai, neʻe hema nā kulana, i Nowemapa hoʻi lākou, ʻoiai he hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka e noho ana ma ka noho.

I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai nā kulanui. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.

He aha ka ʻai a ke kula?

Kiʻi: Tibetan kulan

Makemake kēia lālā o ka ʻohana equine i nā mea kanu lau nahele i kāna papaʻai, ʻaʻole ʻai maikaʻi i nā laʻalāʻau maikaʻi. I ke kauwela kau, ʻo kāna papa kuhikuhi he mau cereal ephemeral liʻiliʻi, nā ʻaka hihiu like ʻole, a me nā mea kanu. I ka wā o ke kauwela, hāʻule kahi mahele nui ma ka wormwood, saltwort. I ka hoʻoilo, lilo hou nā cereala i meaʻai nui. Hiki i nā ulu lāʻau like ʻole, nā kākalaioa kākalaioa, ka saxaul a me nā hua kandim ke pani hānai.

I ka papaʻai nui o kēia mau ungulate, aia ma kahi o 15 mau ʻano mea kanu, eia kekahi o lākou:

• polū polū;
• hoʻohiehie;
• ahi ahi;
• mauʻu hulu;
• bayalych;
• ebelek;
• kulan-chop;
• baglur;
• lau pāpālua;
• ephedra;
• ulu lāʻau hodgepodge

I ka hoʻoilo, kahi ʻaʻohe hau, hānai nā kulans i nā mauʻu like; inā ʻoi aku ka hohonu o ka uhi o ka hau ma 10 cm, he mea paʻakikī ia e ʻai. Hoʻāʻo lākou e kiʻi i ka meaʻai mai lalo o ka hau, e ʻeli ana me kā lākou mau hooves. Inā moe ka hau no ka manawa lōʻihi a kiʻekiʻe ke uhi, a laila pono ka nui o ka ikaika o ka poʻe mammal e ʻeli i ka hau. Makemake lākou e hele i nā kahawai, nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa, nā awāwa, kahi e emi ai ka hau a ma laila lākou e ʻai ai i nā kumu lāʻau. Ua neʻe nui lākou i nā hoʻoilo hau. Mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e ʻeli lākou no ka manawa lōʻihi i uhi ʻia ka hau i ka pā, e kīkē ʻia nā kui o nā holoholona i ke koko.

Pono nā Kulans i nā kumu wai, keu hoʻi i ke kau kau. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻopau lākou i ko lākou make wai me ka hau, hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai a me nā lau nahele ʻōmaʻomaʻo i loko o 10-15 liters o ka momona, akā ʻoluʻolu lākou e inu inā aia nā kumu.

I ke kau wela, mea nui ka wai i nā wahi wai. Inā ʻaʻohe hiki i nā kumu wai, haʻalele nā ​​kulan i kēlā mau wahi. Inā loaʻa ke komo i ka wai ma kahi mamao o 15-20 km, a laila kipa aku ka pipi iā ia i kēlā me kēia lā i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi. Inā he ʻumi mau mile ka mamao o ka lua wai, a laila hiki i nā holoholona ke inu me ka inu ʻole no 2-3 mau lā, akā pono lākou i nā wahi hoʻoinu mau e noho. Inā i ke kauwela e hoʻomaloʻo ia mau punawai a i ʻole noho ʻia kēia mau panalāʻau e nā holoholona laka, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā kulana.

ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hiki i nā Kulan ke inu i ka wai paʻakai ʻawaʻawa, nā hoki a me nā kāmelo e inu ʻole ai.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona

Kiʻi: Kulan i ka ʻāpiki

Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Kulans i kahi nohona aloha me nā neʻe kau o ke kau, hoʻololi pū nā kahu bipi i kā lākou helu, no laila paʻakikī loa e nānā i ka nui o kā lākou wahi noho. I ke kauwela, ʻaʻole neʻe nā holoholona ma mua o 15 km mai nā kumu wai. Inā lawa kahi waihona meaʻai a me nā kumuwaiwai o ka hoʻoinu ʻana, ʻaʻohe mea nāna e hoʻopilikia i nā holoholona, ​​a laila hiki iā lākou ke noho i ka ʻāina like no ka manawa lōʻihi.

Me ka hoʻopau kau o nā wahi hānai, ka wahi o ka wahi e hiki ai i nā holoholona ke hoʻonui i ʻelima mau manawa. Hiki i nā holoholona ke neʻe i kahi mamao loa a hui pū i nā pūʻā nui no nā kau. Ma ka laulā, nā holoholona i ka lā e hoʻomaha ai 5 - 8 mau hola, ma ka hoʻololi 3 - 5 mau hola, ke koena o ka manawa hānai.

ʻO Kulans i ka lā holoʻokoʻa, e neʻe mālie nei i ka wahi hānai, ʻai i nā mea kanu. I ka wā wela, ke huhū loa ka ʻūlū, hiki i nā holoholona ke holo ma nā wahi lepo. Koho nā mākamala i kahi laʻalā liʻiliʻi, ākea no ka moe ʻana o ka pō. I ka wanaʻao, ala aʻe lākou mai ko lākou prone, neʻe mālie lākou i ka lua wai kokoke loa, me ka puka ʻana o ka lā a hoʻopuehu lākou ma ka wao nahele a hānai e like me kēia a ahiahi, ma ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā ua ʻākoakoa pū lākou i ka lua wai. Hele nā ​​holoholona i ka wai ma nā ala i hahi ʻia e waiho ʻia i nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa.

Inā ʻike ke alakaʻi i ka makaʻu, a laila e holo wikiwiki ʻo ia i kahi ala mua. Ke, i kēia hihia, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka pua i ka lōʻihi, hoʻi ka lio lio, e kāhea ana i nā ʻohana me kahi hoanoho, koi iā lākou e ka nahu ʻana a i ʻole neʻe i ke ʻano o ke poʻo.

ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ke pepehi ʻia kekahi o ka mares, hoʻi ka lio i ona lā no ka manawa lōʻihi hele wāwae i nā pōʻai, kāhea iā ia me kahi hoanoho.

ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka pūʻulu ʻoiai e holo ana i 70 km i kēlā me kēia hola, no laila hiki iā lākou ke uhi ma kahi o 10 km. Ma ka awelika o ka wikiwiki o 50 km i kēlā me kēia hola, hiki i nā holoholona ke hele lōʻihi. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokele kaʻa ma luna o ka lio. Ke alualu nei, ʻoki nā holoholona i ke ala i kahi kaʻa a i ʻole nā ​​mea holo, e hana ana i kēia maneuver a ʻekolu mau manawa.

Hiki i nā Kulans ke ʻai ma kahi mamao aku mai nā hipa o nā hipa a me nā pua o nā lio, mālie lākou e pili ana i ke alo o kahi kanaka inā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopilikia ʻia, akā ʻaʻole lākou e kūpono i nā lua wai e hoʻohana ʻia e nā holoholona, ​​ʻoiai me ka make wai ikaika.

ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou

Kiʻi: Cub o kulan

Hana ʻia nā puaʻa he 6-12. ʻO ka lio lio nui i loko o ia mea he lio lio, e nānā ana i kāna mau wahine a me nā ʻōpio o nā makahiki mua ʻelua o ke ola. I ka hoʻomaka mua o ke kauwela, hiki i nā mares me nā pēpē ke kaua aku i ka ʻohana. I ka hoʻoilo, hui pū nā holoholona i nā holoholona. I hoʻokahi kaiāulu like, hiki i hoʻokahi haneli a ʻoi paha mau kānaka. Ma mua, i ka wā he nui nā kākana ma Central Asia, ma Kazakhstan, ua hōʻuluʻulu ko lākou poʻe holoholona i nā poʻo o nā tausani.

Alakaʻi kahi wahine wahine makua i ka pūʻā. ʻAi ka lio a nānā i kona mau hoahānau mai ka ʻaoʻao. Alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka pūʻā me nā nalu o kona poʻo, kaomi ʻana i kona mau pepeiao, a inā ʻaʻole e hoʻolohe kekahi iā ia, pīkī ʻo ia, ʻoki ʻana i kona mau niho a nahu. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wahine alakaʻi ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, a koe ʻo ia he mau wahine ʻelua. Hoʻolohe lākou me ka kānalua i ka ʻelemakule a alakaʻi i nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ohana. Hele wāwae pākahi kekahi poʻe i ke kaiāulu, wili kekahi i kekahi, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou ʻano like. ʻO nā lālā āpau o ke kaiāulu, ʻoiai e hānai ʻai ana, e hāpai mau nei i ko lākou mau poʻo, kaohi i ke kūlana. ʻIke lākou i kahi pilikia, hōʻailona lākou i nā ʻohana e pili ana.

Hoʻonui ʻia ka wā rutting no nā kulans mai Iune a i mua o Kepakemapa, e like me ka nohona. I kēia manawa, holo nā lio lio a puni ka pipi, holo, emit kokoke. I loko o ia mau manawa, hoʻokaʻawale ka poʻe ʻōpio a nānā mai ka ʻaoʻao. Kipaku ka lio i nā kāne ʻōpio. I kēia manawa, hakakā hakakā nā mea noi. ʻO ka poʻe i komo i ka rut no ka manawa mua i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka pipi a auwana, e ʻimi ana i nā wahine a i ʻole nā ​​bipi me kahi lio lio, i mea e komo ai i kahi hakakā me ia no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi harem.

He 11 mau mahina o ka hāpai ʻana, ʻike ʻia nā pēpē i ʻApelila-Iulai. Hiki ke holo koke i ka foal, akā luhi koke. I ka manawa mua moe ʻo ia i ka mauʻu, a ʻai kona makuahine ma kahi mamao. I loko o ʻelua mau pule, hiki iā ia ke holo ʻē aʻe mai kahi weliweli me ka pūʻā. I hoʻokahi mahina ma hope, hele mau ʻo ia me ka pua, e hānai ana i ka mauʻu.

ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ke lawe ka wahine i ke keiki lio i loko o ka pā, honi ka poʻe konene iā ia, i kekahi manawa e hoʻāʻo e nahu, akā pale ka makuahine i ka pēpē. ʻ s ʻū a nanahu ʻo ia, e hoʻokuke nei i nā ʻōpala huhū. Pale pū ka lio lio i ke kulanok mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a nā wahine ʻē aʻe a ʻōpio paha.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā kulana

Kiʻi: Kulany

ʻO ka ʻīlio hae kekahi o nā mea ʻaihue nui. Akā ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻeha i kēia mau holoholona. ʻIke ka pipi pehea e kū ai no lākou iho. ʻOiai ʻo ka wahine, ka pale ʻana i kahi keiki kāne, hiki ke puka lanakila i ka duel me kahi mea ʻino. I nā hoʻoilo koʻikoʻi, nā holoholona nāwaliwali, nā holoholona ʻōpio hoʻi, hāʻule pinepine i nā ʻīlio hae. Kū aʻe ka hoʻoweliweli i nā kulana ma muli o ka huli kū ʻole i ka ʻiʻo, nā ʻili, nā momona, i manaʻo ʻia he lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me ke ake. Pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana no kēia mau holoholona ma nā ʻāina āpau, akā mālama ʻia ke ʻāhi ʻana holoholona.

Ma Mongolia, kau ʻia ka makaʻu e ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o nā ʻoihana, ʻo ia hoʻi e pili ana i ka mining, e alakaʻi ana i nā pale i ka neʻe. ʻAʻole i aʻo ʻia ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o nā mines a me nā hakakā ma luna o nā aquifers. Hoʻohui ʻia, ma kahi o 60,000 mau miners kū kānāwai ʻole e hoʻololi mau i ko lākou kaiapuni a me nā kumu haumia. Pili nā hoʻoweliweli ma ka ʻākau o Kina i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka unuhi ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai, kahi i alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻopau ʻia o nā ʻāpana o ka mālama Kalamayli, ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā pā a me ka hoʻokūkū o nā ʻaka me nā kahu kūloko a me kā lākou holoholona.

Ma Little Kachskiy Rann ma India, pili ka hāʻule heluna me ka ikaika nui o ka hana a ke kanaka. Ua loli ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻāina ʻana mai ka hoʻokō ʻia o ka papahana Mega Narmada Dam, a ʻo ia ka hopena i loaʻa nā kahawai ʻo Sardar-Sarovar a puni ka wahi pale. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka wai mai ke kahawai ʻo Sardar-Sarovar ma Ranne e kaohi i ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻaka ma o ka wao akua.

Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano

Kiʻi: Kulany

Ma mua, ua pālahalaha ka wahi noho o nā kulans ma luna o nā steppes a me nā steppes wao nahele o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa, Mongolia, Kina ʻākau, komohana komohana ʻĀnia, ʻAkia Waena, ka Hikina Waena, me Iran, ka ʻĀlia ʻAlapia a me ka Malaya Peninsula. I kēia lā, ʻo ka wahi nui o nā lāhui ka hema o Mongolia a me Kina kokoke. ʻO nā heluna ʻē aʻe i koe he liʻiliʻi a kaʻawale loa kekahi i kekahi.

Ua hala nā Kulans a hiki i 70% o ko lākou wahi noho mai ka kenekulia 19 a ua nalowale i kēia manawa i ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina o ka pae mua, ma muli o ka hoʻokūkū me nā holoholona no nā wahi hānai a me nā wahi hoʻoinu, a ma muli hoʻi o ka nui o ka ʻimi holoholona. Loaʻa ka heluna nui i koe ma ka hema o Mongolia a me nā ʻāpana o Kina e pili ana. ʻO 40,000 kēia mau poʻo, a ma Trans-Altai Gobi aia paha ma kahi o 1,500. Aia kēia ma kahi o 75% o ka huina heluna kanaka. Ua manaʻo ʻia aia he mau holoholona 5,000 ma Kina kokoke, ma ka moku ʻo Xinjiang.

Loaʻa ke kulanui ma Maly Kachsky Rann ma India - 4 tausani mau poʻo. Aia ka hā o ka nui o nā lehulehu i ka Altyn-Emel National Park ma ka hema hikina o Kazakhstan. Ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia e ka hoʻouka hou ʻana, ʻo 2500-3000 nā holoholona.Aia kekahi mau heluna i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i Kazakhstan ma ka mokupuni ʻo Barsa-Kelmes, me kahi 347 mau holoholona i manaʻo ʻia, ma ka waihona Andasay me kahi 35. Ma ka huina, aia ma kahi o 3100 holoholona i Kazakhstan.

Aia ka pūʻulu ʻelima nui loa ma ka Katruye National Park a me ka wahi e pili ana ʻo Bahram-i-Goor i pale ʻia ma ka hema o ka ʻaoʻao waena o ʻIrani - 632 mau pūʻulu. ʻO ka helu nui ma ʻIrani ma kahi o 790 mau holoholona. Ma Turmenistan, aia wale nō nā kulana ma ka wahi i pale ʻia ʻo Badkhyz, e pili ana iā ʻIrana a me Afghanistan. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi loiloi Badkhyz ma 2013 i 420 mau kānaka, kahi 50% e hoʻemi ʻia ana i ka makahiki 2008. Hōʻike nā loiloi wikiwiki i 2012, 2014 a me 2015 hiki i nā helu ke ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa.

Ua kūleʻa hou ke kiʻi hou ʻana i loko o Sarykamysh Zapacednik, me kahi heluna kanaka he 300-350 mau holoholona, ​​e pāhola aku ana i kahi kokoke iā Uzbekistan, kahi e manaʻo ʻia ai he 50 mau kānaka hou aʻe. Ma kahi o 100 mau kānaka ma ka mālama kūlohelohe ʻo Meana-Chacha, 13 ma ke Komohana Kopetdag a me 10-15 ma Kuruhaudan. I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ma kahi o 920 mau holoholona e noho ana ma Turmenistan a me ʻUzbekistan e pili ana. ʻO ka heluna hou o ka Negev i Israel i kēia manawa e koho ʻia ma 250 mau kānaka. I ka honua, ka nui o nā kulan he 55 tausani. Aia ke ʻano o ka holoholona i ke kūlana kokoke i ka hoʻoweliweli.

Ka pale ʻana o nā kau

Kiʻi: Kulans mai ka puke ʻula

I ka puke ʻulaʻula, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia holoholona i ka makahiki 2008 ma ke ʻano he ʻano mea make. I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻokūpaʻa ka nui o ka lehulehu ma muli o kekahi mau hana i lawe ʻia no ka pale a me ka hoʻouka hou ʻana. I nā ʻāina āpau, pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana i kēia mau holoholona a hana ʻia nā wahi pale no ka pale ʻana i nā kulana. Akā he mea nui kēia mau ʻāpana āpau i kahi, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi waihona meaʻai, nā kumu wai i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, a kōkua i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ka lehulehu. Ma nā wahi o nā wahi pale, ua luku ʻia nā holoholona e nā mākaʻi holoholona.

Minamina, i ka makahiki 2014, ua hoʻopau ʻo Kina i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka Kalamayli Sanctuary, ka puʻuhonua nui a nā kūpana ma Xinjiang, i ʻae ʻia ai ka mahi ʻana o nā lānahu ma laila. ʻO nā ʻāina pale ʻia ʻo Badkhyz ma Turkmenistan a me ka Great Gobi National Park ma Mongolia i loko o ka papa inoa o nā moho no ke koho ʻana ma ke ʻano he UNESCO Heritage Heritage Site. I Badkhyz, ke hoʻonui ʻia nei o ka mālama kūlohelohe o ka mokuʻāina, kahi mālama kūlohelohe e pili ana a me kahi alaloa kūlohelohe e pale ai i nā neʻe kau o nā wā.

Ua noi ʻia e hoʻihoʻi i kahi "alaloa kaiaola transboundary" e pili ana i ka mālama kūlohelohe Kalamayli ma ka moku ʻo Xinjiang ma Kina a me ka wahi i pale ʻia ʻo Gobi ma Mongolia ma o ka palena palena o nā ʻāina ʻelua. Kūkākūkā hou ʻia nā papahana hou i Kazakhstan a me ʻIrana.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi kūkulu wikiwiki i kekahi o nā pilikia nui loa no ka mālama ʻana i nā ungulate neʻe. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā kūlana hou no ka uku biodiversity ma 2012 hiki ke lilo i mea pono no ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hoʻomohala waiwai a me ka mālama ʻana i ka nohona, a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke ola o nā holoholona holoholona nomadic e like me ke kapa.

Lā paʻi: 08/12/2019

Lā hou: 09/29/2019 ma 18:15

E nānā i ka wikiō: Den Sista Kulan (Iulai 2024).