ʻOhana, omnivorous a wikiwiki hoʻi - ʻo ia ka manō ihu pupule, e ʻōʻō palau ana i ka wai hou a paʻakai hoʻi a puni ka honua. Mālama ka mea hōkai i ke kai a me nā kahawai, kahi e nui mau ai ka poʻe, a ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka manō ʻai kanaka weliweli loa.
Hōʻike o ka manō kūpilikiʻi
Kāhea ʻia ʻo ia ka mano mano hina ma muli o ka mea pili i ka ʻohana a me ka ʻano mano.... Ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa ʻo ka manō Bull no ka nui o kāna muunt blunt, a no kāna ʻano maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻimi pipi ʻana, kipaku ʻia e nā kahu hipa e inu. Ua hāʻawi aku ka poʻe kamaʻilio Sepania i ka mea ʻaihue i ka inoa kapakapa lōʻihi loa - kahi manō me ke poʻo e like me ka lua (Tiburon cabeza de batea). Ua hoʻolauna ʻia kēia ʻano manō i ka lehulehu i ka makahiki 1839, mahalo i ka hana a nā meaolaola Kelemania ʻo Friedrich Jacob Henle lāua ʻo Johann Peter Müller.
ʻIke, nā ana
He iʻa cartilaginous nui loa ia me kahi kino kolo keleawe. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mano ʻāhinahina, ʻoi aku ke nānā aku a momona. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine - ʻo ka wahine (ma ka awelika) kaupaona he 130 kg me ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 2.4 m, a huki ke kāne i 95 kg me ka lōʻihi o 2.25 m. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi ʻike e pili ana i nā poʻe hoihoi hou aʻe, nona ka nui kokoke i 600 kg. aʻo ka lōʻihi he 3.5-4 m.
Hāʻawi ka ihu (pālahalaha a kūmūmū) i ka maneuverability ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a hoʻolako ʻia nā maka liʻiliʻi me kahi membrane blinking, e like me nā ʻohana āpau o ka ʻohana manō sawtooth. ʻO nā niho ikaika (triangular me ka ʻaoʻao serrated) ʻano like me ka manō o ka tiger tiger: ʻoi aku ka ʻiki o ka iwi ā lalo ma mua. Lilo ka manō i kona niho mua, a laila neʻe kahi niho i ka lālani hope i kona wahi, kahi e hana mau nei nā niho make hou.
Hoihoi ia! Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka manō bipi e ʻoi ka mana ma waena o nā manō hou. Lawe ʻia ka ikaika o ke kaomi ʻana o ka iwi ā e pili ana i ke kaupaona, a hōʻike ka manō ʻōpala i ka hopena maikaʻi (ʻo ka manō keʻokeʻo i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia).
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka fin hope dorsal ma mua o ka mua, a ʻo ka caudal he lobe luna elongated me kahi notch ma ka hopena. I kekahi mau manō, ʻoi aku ka pouli o nā kaʻe o nā lihilihi ma mua o ke kua o ke kino, akā mau ke ʻano o ke kino o ke kino, me ka ʻole o nā kaha a me nā lauana. Kōkua ka pena akahele i ka predator e camouflage i ka wai papau: ʻo ke kala hina ma ke kua e kahe mālie ma nā ʻaoʻao i loko o kahi ʻōpū māmā. Eia hou, hiki i ka manō bipi ke kāohi i ka ikaika o ke kala i kau ʻia i ke kukui i kēia manawa.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka manō blunt i ke ola i ka wai hou a me ke kai, e ʻauʻau maʻalahi ana i ʻō a i ʻole, mahalo i nā pono hana osmoregulation kūikawā. ʻO kēia nā gills a me ke kaha gland, ʻo ka hana nui o ia mau mea ka hoʻolei ʻana i ke kino o nā paʻakai ʻoi loa e kiʻi i laila ke aia ka manō i ke kai. Hiki i ka predator ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā meaʻai a mea weliweli paha, e kia ana i nā kani e kū mai ana iā lākou a i ʻole i ke kala (nā mea melemele / mau mea i ʻike ʻia ma lalo o ke kumu kūikawā.
ʻO ka manō bipi ikaika loa a wānana ʻole ʻia: hōʻole kāna ʻano i kekahi kūpili. Hiki iā ia ke hele pū me ka mea luʻu no ka manawa lōʻihi a me ka nānā ʻole loa, i mea e hoʻouka ikaika iā ia i kekona. A maikaʻi inā he hoʻāʻo wale ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a ʻaʻole hoʻomau me nā lālau o nā pahu kuni, i kākoʻo ʻia e nā nahu.
Mea nui! ʻO ka poʻe makemake ʻole e hālāwai me kahi manō kūpilikiʻi e pono e hōʻalo i nā wai palolo (ʻo ia hoʻi kahi e kahe ai ka wai i ke kai). Eia hou, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e komo i loko o ka wai ma hope o ka ua nui, ke piha ia i nā meaola e ʻumeʻumeʻa i ka manō.
ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole ke pakele mai ka mea hoʻomāinoino - hoʻoluhi ka manō i ka mea ʻeha a hiki i ka hope loa... Hoʻopilikia nā Predators i kēlā me kēia mea e hele i nā palena o kā lākou waiwai i loko o ka wai, me ke kuhi hewa ʻana i nā propellers o nā motuka waho no ka ʻenemi.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kahi manō bipi?
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kekahi ʻano i nā ʻano like ʻole. Wahi a kekahi mau ichthyologists ola ʻo ka manō bipi ma mua iki o 15 mau makahiki, ua kāhea nā ʻepekema ʻē aʻe i nā kiʻi optimistic - 27-28 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Noho ka manō pipi hina i ʻaneʻane i nā moana āpau (me ka ʻokoʻa o ka Arctic) a me ka nui o nā muliwai hou. ʻIke ʻia kēia mau iʻa iʻa i loko o nā wai kai pāholo a me nā kai subtropical, i kekahi manawa e piholo ana ma lalo o 150 m (ka hapanui o ka manawa e ʻike ʻia ma kahi hohonu o 30 m) Ma ka ʻAkelanika, ua hoʻomalu ʻia nā manō kakā mai ka Massachusetts a i ka hema o Brazil, a mai Morocco a i Angola
Ma ka Moana Pākīpika, noho nā manō bipi mai Baja Kaleponi a i ka ʻĀkau o Bolivia a me ʻEkuador, a ma ke Kai ʻInikia hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i nā wai mai ʻApelika Hema a Kenya, Vietnam, India a me ʻAukekulia. Ma ke ala, mahalo nui ʻia ka manō bipi a makaʻu ʻia e nā kamaʻāina o kekahi mau mokuʻāina, e like me Kina a me ʻInia. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka manō ihu pupū e hānai mau nei i ka ʻiʻo kanaka, i kōkua ʻia e kahi loina kūloko. ʻO nā India e noho ana ma ka waha o nā Ganges e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ko lākou mau ʻohana i make mai nā kime kiʻekiʻe i loko o kāna wai laʻa.
ʻAi ʻaina o kahi manō puʻupuʻu
ʻAʻohe o ka mea ʻono i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a aia nā mea āpau e ʻike ʻia, e like me ka ʻōpala a me ke kino. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻaina awakea, ʻimi mālie ka manō bipi a ʻimi palaualelo i ka wahi hānai pilikino, e ʻāwīwī nui nei i ka wā e ʻike ai i kahi kūpono kūpono. Makemake ʻo ia e ʻimi wale i ka meaʻai, ʻauʻau i ka wai lepo e hūnā i ka manō mai nā mea hiki ke loaʻa. Inā hoʻāʻo ka mea e pakele, paʻi ka manō bipi iā ia ma ka ʻaoʻao a nahu. Hoʻopili ʻia nā pahu i nā nahu a hiki i ka manawa i hāʻawi pio ai ka mea i hōʻino ʻia.
ʻO ka papaʻai maʻamau no ka manō kūpilikiʻi ʻo:
- kai māmela kai e like me nā dolphins;
- iʻa cartilaginous ʻōpio;
- invertebrates (liʻiliʻi a nui);
- iʻa iwi a me nā kukuna;
- crustacean, me nā pāpaʻi;
- nahesa kai a me nā echinod germ;
- manu kuhukukū.
Kūleʻa ka manō Bull i ka cannibalism (ʻai lākou i kā lākou congeners), a huki pinepine hoʻi i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi i hele mai i nā kahawai no ka hoʻoinu.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole like me nā manō ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole makaʻu lākou e hoʻouka i nā mea o ka nui like. No laila, ma Australia, ua kīkī kekahi manō bipi i kahi heihei, a kauō kekahi i kahi Staffordshire Terrier ʻAmelika i loko o ke kai.
ʻO ka hilahila ʻole a me ka hoʻāla meaʻai o nā laha weliweli loa ia no ka poʻe mai kēlā manawa i kēia manawa e kiʻi i kēia mau monster i nā niho.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO ke kau moʻo manō blunt ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ka hāʻule mua.... ʻO ka wildness a me ka viciousness o ka laha, a i ʻole, kāna mau kāne, hōʻike piha ʻia i nā pāʻani aloha: ʻaʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i hoʻokaʻawale nā ichthyologists i nā manō bipi kāne i waena o nā holoholona ʻino loa o ka honua. E like me ka mea i hele mai, hoʻopuka ko lākou kino i kahi astronomical nui o testosterone, ka hormone kuleana no ke ʻano a hoʻonui i ka hakakā o kēia iʻa iʻa. ʻO nā kuʻi hormonal ia e wehewehe nei i kēlā mau huhū huhū ke hoʻomaka ka manō e pīkī i nā mea āpau e neʻe kokoke.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole pilikia ka hoa me ka lōʻihi o ka noho aloha ʻana a ʻaʻole mākaukau e hōʻike i ka palupalu: nahu wale ʻo ia i ka mea i wae ʻia e ka hiʻu a hiki i kona moe ʻana me ka ʻōpū. Ma hope o ka moekolohe ʻana, hoʻōla ka wahine i nā ʻeha a me nā ʻeha i kau ʻia ma luna ona no kekahi manawa lōʻihi.
Ma ka hānau ʻana, komo nā mea neʻe i nā kahawai wai i hoʻopihapiha ʻia, e ʻauana ana i ka wai pāpaʻu (ʻike ʻia ka manō bipi e ka hānau hānau, e like me nā mano ʻāhinahina) Lilo ka wahine i mea hoʻoulu ola, kahi e ulu ai nā embryos no 12 mau mahina. Pau ka hāpai ʻana me ka hānau ʻana o 10-13 mau manō (0.56-0.81 m ke kiʻekiʻe), e hōʻike koke nei i nā niho kuihi. ʻAʻole mālama iki ka makuahine i nā keiki, ʻo ia ke kumu e alakaʻi ai lākou i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa mai nā lā mua.
ʻAʻole haʻalele ka poʻe ʻōpio i ka maka wai no kekahi mau makahiki: eia ka maʻalahi iā lākou e loaʻa i ka meaʻai a hūnā mai kā lākou poʻe alualu. Hoʻomaka mau ka makahiki momona ma 3-4 mau makahiki, ke kūlou nā kāne a hiki i ka 1.57-2.26 m, a me nā wahine ʻōpio - a i 1.8.8.3 m. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka momona, haʻalele nā manō ihu i nā wai paʻa, kahi hānau a hānai ʻia, a holo i nā mea o ke kai e komo i ke kūlana makua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka manō kūpilikiʻi (e like me ka nui o nā mea ʻino kai) ka lei aliʻi o ka pyramid meaʻai a, no laila, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi, koe wale nō nā manō mana a me nā kohola kohola.
Mea nui! Hāʻule ka manō ʻōpio ʻōpio i ka manō keʻokeʻo nui, ke Tiga a me ka hina hina polū, a me ka waiwai o ka meaʻai no nā poʻe kūpuna o kā lākou ʻano a me nā māmela pinniped.
I nā kaiaola a me nā kaiaola kahakai, ʻimi ʻia nā manō kāne ʻōpio a me nā mākua e nā mea kolo nui.
- nā crocodiles i hoʻohuli ʻia (i ka ʻĀkau o ʻAukekulelia);
- Noke crocodiles (i ʻApelika Hema);
- Alligators ʻo Misisipi;
- Nā crocodile o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa;
- puaʻa puaʻa.
ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā manō kūpilikiʻi mai nā kānaka e ʻimi iā lākou no kā lākou ʻiʻo momona a me nā lau... ʻO ka pepehi ʻana i ka manō kuhi wale ʻia e ka manaʻo o ka mālama pilikino a hoʻopaʻi paha no ke koko koko phenomenal.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
No nā holoholona hihiu ka mano manō hina, no laila ke emi mau nei ka heluna kanaka. Ma waho aʻe o ka pulp ʻai, ke ake a me ka pancreas (no ka pono o ka ʻoihana lāʻau) a me ka ʻili lahilahi (no nā uhi puke a i ʻole nā hihia nani no nā wati a me nā mea hoʻonaninani) i hoʻohana ʻia.
Ua manaʻo ka International Union for Conservation of Nature i kēia lā ke ʻano o ka lāhui "kokoke i ka palupalu". Ma muli o ko lākou ikaika maikaʻi, hoʻopili pono nā manō blunt i ke kaiapuni i kūkulu ʻia a hiki ke mālama ʻia i nā aquarium lehulehu.
