Burbot

Burbot ʻo ia wale nō ka lunamakaʻāinana o ke kauoha o codfish (Gadiformes), e noho wale ana i nā kino wai hou. Ua kapa kūpono nā lawaiʻa i ka burbot "ke kaikaina" o ka iʻa - ʻoiai ke ʻano o nā kauoha ʻokoʻa, ua like kēia mau iʻa i ko lākou ʻano o ke ola a me ka lawena. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka nahesa burbot ʻo "aerobatics" i waena o ka poʻe makemake i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i lalo - ʻaʻole hōʻike iki nā mea kupaianaha o ka mākaukau, ʻai i ka maunu a haʻalele i nā lawaiʻa me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka iʻa.

Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe

Kiʻi: Burbot

Wahi a ka hoʻohālikelike o kēia mau lā, no ka Lotua Subfamily ka burbot (ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hana ia kēia ʻauhau. Hoʻonohonoho ka poʻe ichthyologists Lūkini i ka burbot ma ke ʻano he ʻohana kaʻawale o ka burbot.

Hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana 2 - 3:

• ʻo ka burbot maʻamau e noho ana i nā kino wai o Eurasia;
• burbot huelo maikaʻi - ka mea noho o nā waihona wai o Alaska a me ka Hikina hikina;
• ʻO Lota lota maculosa kahi ʻāpana i loaʻa ma nā wahi hema o ʻAmelika Hema.

ʻO nā ʻāpana āpau o burbot he nocturnal wale nō ia - ke alualu ʻana, ka neʻe ʻana, ka hana hou ʻana a me nā hōʻike ʻē aʻe o ka hana ma kahi o 22:00 a 6:00. No laila, ʻai wale ka burbot i ka pō.

Video: Burbot

ʻOiai he predator wale nō i ka pō, ʻaʻole noho ka burbot i kahi hoʻohālua, e kali ana i kāna mea pio, akā e ʻimi a lele aku i luna ona, e hoʻoholo ana i kahi o nā meaʻai e hiki ai ke lohe, ʻala a hoʻopā. Akā ʻaʻole hilinaʻi ka burbot i kāna mea nāna e hoʻokalakupua. E noʻonoʻo ʻoe iho - he aha kāu e ʻike ai i ka pō, ma lalo o ka muliwai? No laila, ke nānā aku nei mākou i ko mākou mau maka a ʻaʻole manaʻolana maoli.

I kēia manawa aia ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi maʻamau i ka awelika o ka nui o kēlā me kēia kanaka a me ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka nui o kēia iʻa ma muli o ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana o nā ʻano nohona (i waena o lākou, ka hoʻohaumia wai a me ka lawaiʻa ʻana, e like me ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ʻo ia ka mea nui).

ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona o burbot

Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka burbot

ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa ma mua o 1 m, ke kaumaha o ke kino - a i 24 kg. Ma waho, he mea hoʻomanaʻo ka burbot i kahi iʻa lalo hou - catfish. ʻO ke kinona o ke kino he elongated, poepoe, hoʻopili ʻia i hope, a ʻemi ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao. Liʻiliʻi loa nā unahi o ka burbot, akā uhi paʻa lākou i ke kino a ma nā wahi āpau - uhi lākou i ke poʻo, nā uhi a me nā kumu o nā peʻa.

ʻO ke ʻano o ke poʻo ākea, pālahalaha iki. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka iwi ā luna ma mua o ka lalo. Ma nā iwi ā a me nā mea wehe he nui nā niho hānai liʻiliʻi. Aia kekahi antena pauna ʻole ma ka auwae, kokoke i nā puka ihu - 2 mau pōkole.

Liʻiliʻi a pōkole hoʻi nā pectoral fins. ʻO nā kukuna mua o nā pūhaka pelvic he mau hana filamentous elongated. ʻElua mau peʻa ma ke kua, a ʻo ka lua o ka lua ua aneane hiki i ka caudal, akā ʻaʻole ia e hui pū me ia. Hiki i ka laina ʻaoʻao i ka hopena o ka fin anal.

Nui a hewahewa nā koho no burbot. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole ʻoliva-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka hope o kēia iʻa, me nā kiko ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele i hoʻolaha ʻole ʻia, nā blotches a me nā kaha.

Keʻokeʻo ka puʻu a me ka ʻōpū. ʻEʻeleʻele nā ​​ʻōpio (ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele) i ke kala. ʻOi aku ka pouli o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. Eia kekahi, he poʻo mānoanoa ko ke kāne, a he kino ko ka wahine. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine i ka nui.

Ma hea e noho ai ʻo burbot?

Kiʻi: Burbot i Lūkia

Makemake ʻo Burbot i nā kino wai anuanu a maʻemaʻe hoʻi me kahi papa pōhaku. ʻO ka pinepine, noho kēia iʻa i loko o nā lua hohonu me nā pūnāwai, i loko o nā mānoanoa o nā ʻohe a me nā ʻohe i kū kokoke i nā kapa, a ma lalo hoʻi o nā snags a me nā aʻa lāʻau e hele ma lalo o ka wai. ʻO kēia mau makemake e wehewehe i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka nalo pinepine ʻana o ka burbot mai nā kahawai kahi e kua ʻia nā kumulāʻau e ulu ana ma kapa.

I waenakonu o Rūsia, i ka hopena o ke kahawai (e like me Mei-i ka mua o Iune), hoʻomaka ka manawa o ke ola sedentary no burbot. Kū ka iʻa i nā pali kūlia a hāliu paha i lalo i loko o nā pōhaku, nā lua kai. I nā loko, kū ʻo burbot i kēia manawa i ka hohonu loa.

Eia kekahi, koho ʻo ia i ke ola i kekahi wahi kokoke i nā wai wai ma lalo o ka wai, a i ʻole ma lalo o nā kahakai lana. Noho nui ʻo Burbot ma lalo o nā kaupoku, e pili ana i kahi ruff. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela, hele mau ʻo ia i ka momona i ka pō (keu hoʻi inā he lehulehu o nā ʻōpala kokoke), akā i Iulai ʻo ka iʻa e hamo hohonu ʻia ai nā iʻa i loko o nā lua a ma lalo o nā pōhaku, ka lāʻau driftwood. I ka nele o nā hale kūlohelohe, kanu ia iā ia iho i ka silt.

I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā kumu āpau i helu ʻia ma luna, ua manaʻo ʻia ka helu o nā burbots he mea liʻiliʻi - eia kekahi, i ka panalāʻau nui o kā lākou pae. Aia kahi pilina maopopo - aia mau i nā burbots kahi e waiho ai nā wahi e hānau ai ma nā lepo pōhaku a kahi e hāʻawi ai ke kūlohelohe i kahi puʻuhonua ʻoi loa.

I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka burbot. E nānā kāua i ka ʻai a kēia iʻa.

He aha ka ʻai a burbot?

Kiʻi: Burbot iʻa

ʻO nā mea momona punahele o ka burbot nā minnow liʻiliʻi a me ka ʻai ʻana o nā iʻa iʻa nui aʻe e waiho kokoke ana i ka lalo. Me ka hopu holoholona, ​​e ʻono kēia iʻa i ka crayfish lōʻihi lōʻihi, akā naʻe, ke emi wikiwiki nei ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau holoholona ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻana o ke kūlana kaiaola o nā kino wai.

Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe makemake ʻo burbot i ka ʻai ʻana i ka rana, tadpole, larva dragonfly a me nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe e noho ana i nā waihona wai wai. ʻO Roach, cargo crusian, perch a me nā iʻa wai hou ʻē aʻe, e alakaʻi nei i kahi nohona diurnal a me ka ʻauʻau ʻana, ʻo ka mea nui i ka strata o luna a me waena o ka wai, ʻaʻole i lilo i burbot.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi i ka ʻai ʻana o ka burbot i nā loli nui i loko o ka makahiki. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, ʻo ka predator lalo (i kēlā me kēia makahiki) makemake i ka crayfish a me nā ilo e noho ana ma lalo. I nā lā wela pōloli ka iʻa, makemake i ka "hiamoe" i ka hohonu. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke oʻo moekolohe, lilo ʻo burbot i mea makaʻu weliweli loa - hiki i ka iʻa ke komo i kāna "papa kuhikuhi" a 1/3 o ka lōʻihi o kona kino ponoʻī.

Hoʻonui ka makemake o ka predator i ka hoʻohālikelike pololei i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka mahana o ka wai a me ka emi o ka lōʻihi o nā hola ao. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka papaʻai o burbot he minnows, ruffs a me nā loach, e nalowale nei ko lākou makaʻala. Akā ʻaʻole kokoke i ka hāʻule ʻana o ke keʻa keʻa i loko o ka waha o kahi mea ʻaihuna pō. Kū mau ʻo Autumn zhor a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoilo (i ka manawa - ma kahi o 3 mau mahina), me nā wā liʻiliʻi. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka makemake o ka predator.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona

Kiʻi: Burbot i ka hoʻoilo

Hoʻopilikia ka wela o ke kauwela i kēia iʻa - lilo ʻole ka burbot. Akā ke anuanu ka mahana o ka wai a 12 ° C, hoʻomaka ka hana o ka burbot, hele i ka huli holoholona a hoʻolana i ka pō holoʻokoʻa e ʻimi ai i kahi pio. Akā i ka wā e mahana ai ka wai ma luna o 15 ° C, peʻe koke ka iʻa i loko o nā lua, nā lua o lalo, a ma lalo hoʻi o nā pōhaku, nā lāʻau driftwood a me nā hale malumalu ma nā pali kūpikipiki, a me nā wahi mehameha hoʻi e hūnā iā ia mai ka wela. A haʻalele ʻo ia iā lākou e ʻimi wale i ka meaʻai e pono ai ka mālama ʻana i ke ola.

Hele ʻo Burbot i ka huli holoholona i ka wela i ke anuanu wale nō, a i ka pō wale nō. I Iulai-ʻAukake, ke nānā ʻia ka mea wela loa, hibernates ka burbot a hoʻopau koke i ka ʻai ʻana. Lethargic a pale ʻole ka iʻa i kēia wā hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu maʻalahi me kou mau lima. ʻO ke ala maʻalahi e hana ai i kēia ma ka manawa ke kipaku ʻia ka burbot i loko o kahi lua (kahi ʻokoʻa i ka stereotype wahaheʻe, ʻaʻole loa ia e ʻeli). ʻAe, a ma lalo o nā snags, pōhaku a me nā "hale hoʻomalu" hibernating burbot maʻalahi loa hoʻi e hopu.

ʻOiai, i ka manawa a lākou e hoʻomaka ai e lawe, ʻaʻole iʻa ka iʻa e huli a pakele, ua ʻau i kahi hiki. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, hana hewa ʻo ia i ka hoʻoholo hewa, e ʻimi nei i ke ola i loko o kona puʻuhonua, akā ʻoi aku ka hohonu. ʻO ka paʻakikī wale nō ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻume, no ka mea, he paheʻe loa ia. ʻO ka hoʻoilo, ke kauwela a me ka wanaʻao ka manawa hana nui loa no ka burbot. Me ka hoʻomaka o kahi paʻi anuanu, hoʻomaka kēia iʻa e alakaʻi i kahi nohona auwana. Aia kahi hilinaʻi maopopo - lilo ke anuanu i wai, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hana a me ka voracity o ka burbot (ʻai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi he nui).

ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou

Kiʻi: Burbot i ka wai

Hoʻomaka ka oʻo makua i ka burbot i ka makahiki o 3-4 mau makahiki, ke hiki ke kaumaha o ke kino i 400-500 g. Akā ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, noho pinepine nā kāne ma mua iki.

I Nowemapa - Kēkēmapa (kaukaʻi ʻia i nā kūlana o ka ʻāina), ma hope o ka uhi ʻia ʻana o nā kino wai me ka pahu hau, hoʻomaka nā ʻōpala i kā lākou neʻe - neʻe nui o nā burbots i nā wahi huaʻai (ʻoiai, i ke ala i uka). Hele kēia iʻa e hānai i loko o nā kula liʻiliʻi, kahi hoʻokahi wahine nui a me 4-5 kāne. Mai nā kahawai wai wai, komo nā burbots i nā moena kahawai. I nā loko nui a hohonu me ka wai anuanu, ʻaʻole haʻalele ka burbot, neʻe mai ka hohonu a kokoke i nā papa, kahi kahi papau a me kahi papa pōhaku.

ʻO ka manawa spawning mai ka makahiki he umi i hala o Kēkēmapa a i ka hopena o Pepeluali. ʻAneʻane pinepine ke kaʻina hana ma lalo o ka hau, ke kokoke ka mahana o ka wai ma 1-3 ° C. Makemake ʻo Burbot i ke anuanu, no laila, i ka manawa o ka hau hau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana ma mua o ka wā o nā thaws - i ka hihia hope, ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kaʻina hana. ʻO nā hua manu me kahi kulu momona (ʻo ko lākou anawaena 0.8-1 mm) e holoi ʻia i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu me kahi papa pōhaku a me kahi au wikiwiki. Hoʻolālā ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka papa o lalo o ka waihona wai. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ke ola o ka burbot kona momona nui - waiho nā wahine nui ma kahi o hoʻokahi miliona hua.

Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā hua i 28 mau lā a 2.5 mau mahina - ʻo ka lōʻihi o kēia kaʻina e hoʻoholo ai i ka mahana o ka wai i loko o ka waihona. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka palai i ʻike i ke kukui he 3-4 mm. Fry hatch i waho koke ma mua o ka hoʻomaka o ka ʻauhe hau a i ʻole nā ​​kahawai. He hopena maikaʻi ʻole ko kēia hiʻohiʻona i ke ola o ka palai, no ka mea ke hiki mai kahi kahawai, lawe pinepine ʻia i ka wai i kahi kahawai, kahi, ma hope o ke kulu ʻana o ka wai, maloʻo koke lākou a make.

ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o burbot

Kiʻi: Burbot iʻa muliwai

ʻAʻole hoʻonui ka momona momona o burbot i kēia ʻano iʻa i lehulehu. Ma waho aʻe o ka make ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻai i ka wā o ka wai kiʻekiʻe, lawe ʻia ka nui o nā hua manu e ke au. Eia hou, ʻaʻole kūpale nā ​​iʻa ʻē aʻe i ka pāʻina ʻana i ka caviar burbot (ʻo ka "mea pepehi keiki" nui ka perch, ruff, roach, a ʻoi aku ka nui - ka gudgeon "aloha" na burbot). ʻO ka mea kupanaha, noho kekahi o nā hua i loko o nā kaumaha lalo a ʻai ʻia e ka burbot iho. ʻO ka hopena, i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10-20% o nā kini he nui i koe.

Inā mākou e lawe i kahi makua, ʻōpio makua, a laila loaʻa iā ia ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Kakaʻa ʻole ka poʻe e hoʻouka i kahi iʻa 1 m ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka mea wale nō, i ke kauwela (i ka wā o ka wela, kahi burbot, kahi iʻa maʻamau o ka ʻākau, ʻaʻole ʻae iki), ke hōʻike ʻole nā ​​burbot makua i ka hana nui, hiki ke lilo i meaʻai no ka iʻa iʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ia.

Ke kali nei ka weliweli nui i ke kali no nā burbots liʻiliʻi a hānau ʻole ʻia. ʻO ia ke kumu e ola ai kekahi mau burbots a hiki i ka makahiki ʻōpio. ʻO Burbot caviar, ma ke ala, he "mea ʻono" no nā iʻa a hiki i ka hoʻoilo. Akā makemake nā ruffs, bream kālā a me nā perches e ʻahaʻaina i ka ʻai, a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e lawelawe i nā meaʻai no nā burbots oʻo makua.

Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano

Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka burbot

He ākea loa ka laulā o ka burbot - loaʻa ka iʻa i loko o nā kino wai wai o nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ʻEulopa, ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika Hema. I ʻEulopa, hopu ʻia ka burbot ma Nū ʻEnelani (ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka iʻa ma Sekotia a me ʻIlani), ma Palani (ʻo ka hapanui o ke kahawai ʻo Rhone, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma ka luna ʻo Seine a me Loire), ma ʻItalia (ma ka muliwai Po nui), a ma ʻO nā komohana ʻo Switzerland, ma ke kahawai ʻo Danube (ʻaneʻane i nā wahi āpau) a me nā kino wai e pili ana i ke kahawai ʻo Baltic. ʻAʻole i loaʻa (mai ka waena o ke kenekulia i hala) ma ke kahakai komohana o nā ʻāina Scandinavian, a ma nā peninsulas Iberian, Apennine a me Balkan.

Ma Rūsia, hoʻolaha ākea ka burbot ma nā wahi āpau - i nā kino wai e kahe ana i nā wahi Arctic a me nā temperate, a me nā kīʻaha o nā kahawai ʻo Siberian - mai ka Ob a hiki i Anadyr, a me ko lākou lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa. Ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Lūkia, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka burbot ma ka Crimea, Transcaucasia (me ka ʻokoʻa o nā wahi haʻahaʻa o ke Kula a me Sefidrud), i kekahi manawa hopu ʻia kēia iʻa ma ka North Caucasus - ma ke kahawai o ka muliwai. Kuban. ʻO ka palena ʻākau o ia wahi ke kahakai o ka Moana ʻAtika.

I ka hema, loaʻa ʻo burbot i ke kīʻaha o kaʻauwai Ob-Irtysh, a noho i kahi ākea ākea - mai ka piko o luna (Lake Teletskoye a me Zaysan) a hiki i ka Ob Bay. ʻAʻohe iʻa e like me kēia ma ʻAsia Waena, ʻoiai i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa iʻa iʻa lawaiʻa ʻia kēia iʻa i ke kai Aral Sea. Ma ka Yenisei a me Baikal, hopu ʻia ʻo burbot ma kahi o nā wahi āpau. I ka pā Selenga, iho ka wahi i ka hema, a i Mongolia. Loaʻa ʻo Burbot ma loko o ke kahawai. ʻO Amur me kāna mau lālā nui - Ussuri a me Sungari. Loaʻa ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o ka muliwai ʻo Yalu.

E pili ana i ke kapakai o ka Pākīpika, loaʻa ka burbot ma Sakhalin a me nā mokupuni ʻo Shantar, a komo i loko o nā wahi desalinated o ke kai (kahi i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai i 12).

Kiaʻi Burbot

Kiʻi: Burbot mai ka Red Book

ʻO Burbot no ka mahele 1st o ka make - aia ka lāhui ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make ma loko o nā palena o Moscow, no laila ua hoʻopili ʻia i ka Appendix 1 o ka Red Book o ka ʻĀpana ʻo Moscow. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻohe burbot i ka International Red Book.

I mea e mālama ai i ka lehulehu o ka burbot, lawe nā kaiaolaola i nā hana he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi:

• ka mālama ʻana i ka heluna kanaka (ʻōnaehana, ʻoiai i nā wā o ka hana haʻahaʻa).
• ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe o ke kaiaola o nā hale hoʻomalu o ke kauwela a me nā kahua hānau ʻo burbot;
• ka ʻike ʻana i nā wahi hou i hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he kūpono kūpono no ka hānai ʻana i ka burbot;
• ke hoʻomohala a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā ana i pale ʻia i ka hōʻino ʻana o ke kūlana kaiaola o nā kino wai ma ka moku ʻo Moscow a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mahana o ka wai, e hoʻonāukiuki ana i ka pua a me ka hana. ʻO ka wahi e nānā nui ʻia ai mai ke Alanui Rika ʻo Moscow a i ke kahawai ʻo Filyovskaya;
• ka hoʻolauna ʻana i kahi pāpā ma ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā kapa o nā kahawai a me nā waihona wai i nā PA e kū nei i kēia manawa a ma o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā hale paʻa, nā gabion a me nā paia lāʻau. Inā pono e hoʻoikaika i ka panakō, ʻae wale ʻia ka hoʻolālā panakū kūleʻa a me ke kanu lāʻau ʻana;
• hoʻihoʻi hou o ke kaiaolaola o ke kahakai kahakai, aia ma nā pūnaewele o ka waiwai nui loa no burbot, a me ka streamlining ʻana i kā lākou hoʻohana no nā hana leʻaleʻa;
• ka hana ʻana i nā hale hoʻomalu kauwela a me nā substrates e hoʻouluulu kūpono ana no burbot. No kēia kumu, ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia nei nā "cushions" pōhakuone i nā wahi aerated maikaʻi o nā kino wai;
• hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia o ka heluna kanaka a me ka hoʻolauna hou ʻana o ka crayfish lōʻihi i loko o nā kino o ka wai - ʻo kēia arthropod, me ka gudgeon, kahi mea ʻai punahele no burbot;
• ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka kaohi koʻikoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka pāpā ma ka hopu ʻana i ka burbot (ʻo ia hoʻi i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana) ma ke ʻano he ʻano i helu ʻia ma ka Red Book o Moscow.

E ʻoluʻolu e pili hou nā ana i luna e pili wale ana e pili ana i ka moku ʻo Moscow.

Burbot ʻO ia ka predator lalo e alakaʻi i kahi nohona pō wale nō. Makemake ʻo ia i nā waihona wai me ke kai anuanu, he hopena kaumaha ko ka wela ma luna ona. He ākea ka nohona o kēia ʻano, akā i ka manawa like ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe kona nui ma muli o kāna ʻano hana, a me ka kikoʻī o nā hana o ka hana hou a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wā ʻōpio.

Lā paʻi: 08.08.2019

Lā hou: 09/28/2019 ma 23:09