Dia ʻulaʻula - kekahi o nā ʻāpana o nā dia ʻulaʻula e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ʻAsia. ʻO ka wehewehe Lākina o ka ʻauhau i hāʻawi ʻia e ka zoologist Palani ʻo Milne-Edwards i ka 1867 - Cervus elaphus xanthopygus.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻAla ʻulaʻula
ʻO kēia mammal artiodactyl mai ka ʻohana dia no ka genus o ka maoli a me ka laha o nā dia ʻulaʻula, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa. Hoʻohui nā dia ʻulaʻula i nā ʻāpana he nui, ʻokoʻa i ka nui a me ke ʻano o nā pepeiaohao, kekahi mau kikoʻī o ke kala. Kūleʻa ko lākou mau kūpuna a hele i kā lākou ala e ulu ai. ʻO nā ʻohana pili loa o nā dia ʻulaʻula: ʻEulopa, Caucasian, Bukhara dia, ʻulaʻula, noho i nā wahi like ʻole.
Video: Dia ʻulaʻula
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻano palapala ʻāina kaʻawale i ka wā o Pleistocene glaciations a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka pae o ke kai Caspian ma ka palena o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia. Ke hana nei kēia mau hanana i mau makahiki he mau kaukani. Ua loaʻa nā koena o nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o nā dia ʻulaʻula ma ʻEulopa, ma ka palena o Lūkia, Ukraine, Caucasus, Siberia Hikina a no ka Pleistocene mua, waena a me ka hopena. ʻO nā helu i hōʻike nui ʻia o nā ʻano i loaʻa he mau aʻa maʻamau, akā ua aʻo iki ʻia ke kēkelē o ka pilina ma waena o lākou.
ʻO nā dia ʻulaʻula kahi ʻāpana nui o nā dia ʻulaʻula, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mākua ma mua o nā marals. Loaʻa lākou ma Siberia Hikina, ka Hikina Hema a me ka ʻĀkau a me ka ʻĀkau hikina o Kina. Hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana, akā i nā wahi kahi e kūlike ai nā wahi i noho ʻia me ka pae o ka Altai maral (Transbaikalia), hiki ke loaʻa nā dia me nā huapalapala waena.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hana nā dia ʻulaʻula i nā leo like ʻole. Ke makaʻu lākou, ua like lākou me "Gau", ʻaʻole like me ka leo nui e like me nā dia. "Kūkākūkā" nā ʻōpio a me nā wahine me nā ʻūʻū melodious. Hiki i nā wahine ke ʻūlū, a ke uwo nui nā kāne i ka wā o ka rut, a ʻo ko lākou halulu he haʻahaʻa loa ia i ke kani a ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ma mua o nā dia ʻulaʻula ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o nā dia ʻulaʻula
Loaʻa ka silhouette o ka xanthopygus subspecies e like me ka outline i nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka genus a me nā ʻano. Kūkulu, kūkulu nā reindeer maʻamau me nā wāwae lōʻihi a me ka ʻoluʻolu, ʻāʻī kiʻekiʻe. Pōkole ka huelo, hoʻonoho ākea ʻia nā pepeiao ma ke poʻo ākea. He ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula kā ka dia ʻulaʻula o ke kapa komo i ke kauwela, a he ʻeleʻele me ka hina hina i ka hoʻoilo.
ʻAʻole like me nā dia ʻulaʻula ʻē aʻe, he aniani ākea a nui hoʻi kā lākou (kahi māmā ma ke kua o ke kino e kokoke ana i ka huelo, e uhi ana i ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o nā wāwae o hope) Nā wāwae o ke kani like me nā ʻaoʻao a i ʻole ʻeleʻele iki.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona ma kahi o nā forelegs ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika, ʻo ke kaupaona he 250 kg, i kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona nui aku. ʻOi aku ka muzzles ma waena o nā canine ma mua o ka maral, a ʻo ke poʻo he 390-440 mm ka lōʻihi. Liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi ʻole nā wahine. ʻO nā pepeiaohao o nā kāne, liʻiliʻi i ka lōʻihi, he wahi lahilahi a pali hoʻi, a he mea māmā ia, ʻokoʻa i ka maral. ʻAʻole lākou i hoʻokumu i ka lei aliʻi, akā ʻo ka helu o nā kaʻina hana he 5 a 6. ʻO ke kaʻina o ka hā, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
He ākea ke ala o ka dia ʻulaʻula ma kahi o 60 cm a hiki ke hele a ʻelima mau kilomita i hoʻokahi hola. Hele i kahi ala ke makaʻu, akā paʻakikī ke neʻe i kahi ala. Hiki i nā lele i ʻeono mika ka lōʻihi. He maka maikaʻi ko kēia artiodactyl, akā hilinaʻi nui aʻe i ka lohe a me ke ʻano maikaʻi o ka pilau. Ke hānai holoholona, kū mau me ke poʻo i ka makani i mea e hopu ai i nā leo a me nā pilau.
Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ukana ma ke ala o nā dia ʻulaʻula - 400-500 g no cm2, paʻakikī iā lākou e neʻe i ka hau hohonu (me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka uhi ma mua o 60 cm). I kēia manawa, hoʻohana lākou i nā ala kahiko a i ʻole neʻe mai kahi wahi ai kahi ʻē aʻe ma lalo o nā conifers mānoanoa.
Ma hea e noho ai nā dia ʻulaʻula?
Kiʻi: ʻAla ʻulaʻula ma Transbaikalia
ʻO kēia mau holoholona nani a kilohana he palekiko loa a hiki ke noho i nā ʻano kūlohelohe like ʻole mai ke kuahiwi mauna alpine a hiki i ke kai, mai nā ululāʻau taiga a me nā steppes. Noho lākou i nā wahi me ke aniau maloʻo a me nā hoʻoilo ʻaʻohe hau, e like me Transbaikalia a hiki i Primorye, kahi nui o ka ua i ke kauwela a me ka hau i ka hoʻoilo.
Hoʻomaka ka wahi noho o ka holoholona mai ka ʻaoʻao komohana mai ka hema o Siberia Hikina, mai ke kapa hikina o Yenisei a hiki i ka waha o Angara, a hiki i ka pali ʻo Stanovoy. Ma ka moku ʻo Baikal, loaʻa hewa ʻole ka holoholona. ʻO ke kumu, aia kona mau wahi noho ma nā kaha o ka pae Daursky, Yablonovy, a loaʻa ma ka pā ʻo Vitim.
Eia kekahi, e pālahalaha ka wahi i ke komohana ʻākau o ka Onon Upland, e kiʻi ana i nā kapa o ka muliwai Lena a hōʻea i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka Ilga, Kuda, Kulinga. Ma ka ʻākau aʻe, piʻi aʻe ia ma ke kapa kūpono o ka Lena a i ke awāwa ʻo Khanda, e komo pū me ke kahawai Kirenga, a hiki i ka waena o ka muliwai. Ulkan. Mai ke kūkulu ʻākau, kaupalena ʻia ka wahi e nā pali komohana o ka pali ʻo Baikal. Ke hele nei ma Vitim, ka Baton Highlands, hele ka noho hou i ka muliwai Lena, akā ma ka ʻākau o ka muliwai Vitim. Akā ma kahi o Lensk, ma ke awāwa kahawai, ʻaʻole loaʻa kēia holoholona.
Loaʻa nā dia ʻulaʻula ma Yakutia. Ma aneʻi, e hoʻonui ʻia kona pae ma luna o ke kahawai o ka muliwai ʻo Olekma, ke ala kiʻekiʻe o ka muliwai. ʻO Amga a me ke kapa hema o ka muliwai. ʻAmelana. I Transbaikalia, noho kona ola i nā kuahiwi a me nā mauna. Ma ka hikina, neʻe ka wahi mai ke poʻo o ka Uda i nā ipu o nā muliwai Amgun, Selemzha, Amur, Samarga. Ma ka hikina, uhi ka ʻāpana iā Primorye, Teritori Khabarovsk a me Amur Region, ma ka ʻākau, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka palena e nā pali hema o ka pae ʻo Stanovoy. ʻO ka wahi hema o nā dia ʻulaʻula ma Rukia e kahakaha ʻia e ka muliwai Amba.
Hiki ke loaʻa nā dia ʻulaʻula i loko o nā ipu o nā Partizanskaya, Okhotnichya, Milogradovka, Zerkalnaya, Dzhigitovka, Rudnaya, Margaritovka, Serebryanka, Velikaya Kema, a me Maksimovka muliwai. ʻIke ʻia ka ungulate ma ka puʻu ʻo Tumannaya, Kit, Zarya bay, ma ka ʻope ʻo Olympiada a me Belkin, ma ka moku Tereney. Ma ka panalāʻau o Kina, hopu ka pae i ka Manchuria ʻĀkau a iho i ka muliwai Yellow. Hiki nō ke loaʻa nā dia ʻulaʻula ma Kōlea ʻākau.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e loaʻa ai ka dia ʻulaʻula. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai nā dia ʻulaʻula?
Kiʻi: ʻĀlapa ʻulaʻula ma ka moku ʻo Irkutsk
ʻO ke ʻano o ka papa ʻaina ʻulaʻula he ʻano mea kanu like ʻole, a hiki i ka inoa he 70 i ka papa inoa. Hana ʻia ka mahele nui o nā mea kanu lau nahele, nāhelehele a me nā kumulāʻau. Hiki i kēia mau mea: nā lālā, ka ʻili, nā wana, nā ʻōpuʻu, nā lau, nā nila, nā hua, a i nā laikini hoʻoilo, ka horsetail hoʻoilo o ka Hikina Hikina. ʻO ka lakio o ka nui o ka hānai a me nā hānai lālā e pili ana i ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo.
Ma Siberia Hikina: ma ka moku Baikal, ma ka moku hikina ʻo Sayan, ma ke kahawai ʻo Chita, he mea nui ka mea kanu lau nahele, ʻai ʻia i ke kau mahana a me ke anuanu i ke ʻano o nā koena maloʻo, nā ʻāpelu. I kēia mau wahi, nā hoʻoilo me ka hau liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole mea liʻiliʻi ka mea kanu lau nahele i ka papa kuhikuhi o nā dia ʻulaʻula hikina.
ʻAi nui ʻia nā mānoanoa mai nā lau nahele lau nahele, keu hoʻi i ka puna, i ka hapa mua o ke kauwela, a hiki i ka mauʻu ʻana e lilo i mauʻu. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā cereals i koe i ka papa kuhikuhi i ka hoʻoilo. Noho ʻia kahi ʻāpana nui e Compositae, e like me ka wormwood, a me nā legum, umbellates. I ke alo o kahi waihona meaʻai nui, ʻai nā mea kanu i nā ʻono momona, ʻoi aku ka momona, i ka hopena o ke kauwela - inflorescences, poʻo o nā mea kanu.
I ka hoʻoilo, makemake nā dia ʻulaʻula i ka basal, nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo i koe, nā ʻāpana o nā perennial, nā cereal hoʻoilo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka fescue kuahiwi nā cereal punahele a ka nani Siberian, a ʻai lākou i ka mauʻu me ka hauʻoli nui aʻe ma mua o ka twig feed. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka puna, ka pala, ka mauʻu moe, kiaʻi e hele i ka hānai. ʻAi nā dia ʻulaʻula i ka aconite ʻona a me ka belladonna.
Mai nā lāʻau paʻakikī, komo pū ka papaʻai:
- elm;
- aspen;
- Laau Birch;
- Rowan;
- manu cherry;
- willow;
- buckthorn;
- blackberry;
- ʻākala;
- raspberry;
- honeysuckle
ʻO nā dia ʻulaʻula ma ka Hikina Hikina ke hoʻonui nei i kā lākou papa kuhikuhi e:
- ʻUrleve amur;
- ka Manchu Aralia;
- lespedesia;
- Daurian rhododendron;
- maple ʻumiʻumi;
- ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo maple.
ʻAno ʻai ʻole nā dia ʻulaʻula i nā nila o ka larch, spruce, pine, aia wale nō me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe, a hiki i ka paina ke hoʻonāukiuki a me ka lāʻau make i nā holoholona ʻōpio. Ma Primorye, kahi e akahai ai ka hoʻoilo, me nā thaws, hānai ʻole nā holoholona i nā lālā a me nā wana ʻōpio, akā i ka ʻili hoʻi. I ka hāʻule, hoʻokomo ka papaʻai i nā hua, nā hua o nā lāʻau hua, nā nati, nā ʻoka ʻoka. Hiki i nā huaʻai a me nā acorn ke ʻai i ka hoʻoilo, inā ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka mānoanoa o ka uhi o ka hau ma mua o 25 knm. Aia ka papa ʻaina me nā huaalalā: russula, nā pulupulu meli, nā pulu waiū, porcini, a me nā laikini
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻAla ʻulaʻula i ka hoʻoilo
ʻAʻole makemake nā dia ʻulaʻula i nā ʻāpana ululāʻau, makemake i nā wahi ākea me ka ulu ulu maikaʻi, nā lāʻau, kahi e nui ai ka mauʻu: i nā aniani a me nā kahele ulu lāʻau. Hōʻike ʻia ko lākou wahi noho e ka mosaic o nā panalāʻau. I ke kauwela a i ʻole i nā hoʻoilo ʻaʻohe hau, koho lākou i nā ākea ākea, a i ka hoʻoilo, neʻe lākou i nā wahi me nā mea kanu coniferous. Ma nā wahi i makemake nui ʻia o ka nahele haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ua hoʻopau ʻia a kipaku ʻia paha nā dia ʻulaʻula. I kēia mau lā, pinepine hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā pali kuahiwi a kolohe hoʻi, kahi a lākou e makemake ʻole ai e hele.
I Siberia, koho ʻia nā ululāʻau spruce no kēia holoholona, akā ma kahi e nui ai nā nāhelehele, nā ahi i ʻoi loa me ka nui o nā laʻalāʻau a me nā lau nahele deciduous, nā mauʻu. I nā kuahiwi Sayan, makemake ka ungulate i ka ʻāpana waena o ke kāʻei ulu lāʻau, akā i ke kauwela e piʻi i ka ʻāpana subalpine a hele i nā kula alpine. Ma Sikhote-Alin, ʻo ka wahi punahele o ka māmala ka mea waena o nā makahiki i puhi ʻia me Manchurian a me nā mea kanu ʻo Okhotsk, nā ulu lāʻau ʻoka kapakai. Ma ka Hikina hikina, i nā ululāʻau coniferous, hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i ka manawa liʻiliʻi. I nā kuahiwi, piʻi ka holoholona i 1700 mau mika i nā mauna mauna.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Kuhi ʻia nā dia ʻulaʻula e nā neʻe kū i luna. I ke kakali ʻana o ke anuanu, iho iho lākou i lalo ma nā pali ulu lāʻau, kokoke i ke kumu o nā kuahiwi i loko o nā awāwa. Me ka hoʻomaka o ka puna, hoʻomaka hou lākou e piʻi i luna i nā kualono.
I ke kau wela, hānai nā dia ʻulaʻula i ka wanaʻao, a nalowale ke kehau, a laila hoʻomau i ke ahiahi, hoʻomaha iki no ka pō. I ka ua a i ʻole ke ao kūpilikiʻi, inā ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻopilikia iā lākou, a me nā wahi mauna kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā lākou ke hānai i ka lā holoʻokoʻa.
Ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi moena, koho nā dia i nā ea-hāhā, nā wahi hāmama e kāpae ai i nā naʻau huhū. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i nā shoal, nā kapakai o nā waihona wai, nā puhi nahele, nā kihi. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka manawa o ka makahiki a me ka lā, keu hoʻi i ka lua o ka hapa o ke kauwela, makemake paha lākou i nā mānoanoa o nā nāhelehele a me nā mauʻu mauʻu kiʻekiʻe. I ke anilā wela loa, i mea e hōʻoluʻolu ai a pakele ai mai nā kau waena, hiki i nā holoholona ke hele i loko o nā kahawai a moe paha i nā kahua hau. I ke kauwela a me ke kauwela kau, a i ka wā o ka rut, kipa nui nā holoholona i ka liko paʻakai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hiki i ka Reindeer ke ʻai i ka limu i holoi ʻia a inu paha i ka wai kai. Kōkua kēia i nā holoholona kīkoa ʻia e hoʻopiha hou i kā lākou mālama o nā minelala. No kēia kumu, hele pinepine lākou i ka wai kahawai i ka hoʻoilo e palu i ka hau.
I ka hoʻoilo, ke loaʻa ka meaʻai liʻiliʻi, hana nui nā dia ʻulaʻula e ʻimi a hānai iā ia i ka lā holoʻokoʻa, inā ʻae ka wā. I ka mālie, ka hau hau, hana nui nā holoholona. I ka wā o ka makani, ʻimi lākou i kahi e hoʻomalu ai: i loko o nā mānoanoa o nā nāhelehele, nā ulu lāʻau, nā lua. Ke kali nei ka hāʻule hau nui ma luna o kahi moe. Ma nā wahi mauna, a ʻo kēia nā wahi nui o nā dia ʻulaʻula, makemake lākou i nā pali kūnihi me ka ʻike maikaʻi. I nā awāwa, kahi e makani pinepine ai ke aniau, ʻaʻole e moe nā holoholona i lalo, e ʻimi ana i nā wahi e hoʻonāukiuki ʻole ai ka makani iā lākou.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Kupa ʻulaʻula
ʻO nā dia ʻāʻula he holoholona laka. ʻO ka manawa pinepine he mau pūʻulu liʻiliʻi kēia o 3-5 mau kānaka, akā ma Siberia aia he ʻohana he 20 mau poʻo. Kū ka rut i ka hāʻule. Ma Siberia Hikina, aia ia ma waena o Kepakemapa, ma Sikhote-Alin - Kepakemapa 20-25, ma ka hema o Primorye mai Sepatemaba 25 a hiki ʻOkakopa 1. I kēia manawa, halulu nā kāne, i ka wā mua ʻaʻole leo nui, a laila hiki ke lohe ʻia ko lākou halulu mai kekahi mau mile ka mamao.
I ka hoʻomaka o ka rut, mālama nā kāne i kēlā me kēia ma kā lākou panalāʻau. ʻIli lākou i ka ʻili, haki i nā piko o nā lāʻau ʻōpio, kuʻi me ko lākou mau hao, e hehi ana i ka anuu. ʻO kēia wahi, kahi e kapa ai ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona he "kiko", he ʻano ʻaʻala o ka mimi holoholona. A ʻo nā kāne hoʻi, ʻalā i ka lepo, i nā "ʻau ʻauʻau". I ka hopena o ka rut, hana ke kāne iā ia iho i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau ipo wahine. Hana ʻia ka male ʻana, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka ʻāina, mai ka waena o Kepakemapa a 20 ʻOkakopa. I kēia manawa, aia nā hakakā ma waena o nā dia, akā ʻo ka manawa pinepine ua kaupalena ʻia lākou i kahi hōʻike o ka huhū.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: I ka wā o ka rut, ke lohe nei i ka halulu o kahi mea hakakā ikaika, wikiwiki ka mea hoʻokūkū nāwaliwali e peʻe. Alakaʻi pū kekahi kāne me kahi harem i kāna pūʻā mai kahi dia ʻulaʻula e uwō ana.
Hiki i ka wahine ke lawe mai i kahi bipi keiki i ka lua, akā pinepine pinepine kēia i ka makahiki ʻekolu o ke ola. Akā ʻaʻole lākou i ka hale papaʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki. He 35 mau pule ka hāpai ʻana. Hoʻomaka ke ola ʻana ma ka hopena o Mei a holo a hiki i Iune 10. ʻO ke keiki bipi ʻulaʻula ma nā wahi mehameha, i nā nāhelehele o nā nāhelehele a lawe pinepine mai i hoʻokahi keiki bipi, nona ke kaupaona ma kahi o 10 kg. I nā hola mua ʻaʻohe ona kōkua, ke hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e ala aʻe, hāʻule ʻo ia.
No nā lā ʻekolu mua, moe ka moa a ala wale no ka hānai ʻana i nā manawa he nui i ka lā. Mālama mau ka makuahine mai ka pēpē i kahi mamao ma kahi o 200 mau mika i mea e ʻumeʻume ʻole ai ka nānā. Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, ʻilihune mau nā keiki bipi i ko lākou wāwae, akā hoʻāʻo lākou e hāhai i ka makuahine. Hana ʻia ka hānai ʻelima mau manawa i ka lā. I ʻelua mau pule, holo maikaʻi nā pēpē, mai ka makahiki o hoʻokahi mahina ua hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻololi i kahi hānai, a ma hope iho o ka puka ʻana o ka gum. I ka mahina ʻo Iulai, ʻaʻole e ʻōlele ka ʻōpio ma hope o ka poʻe mākua i ka holo ʻana, akā hoʻomau lākou i ka omo waiū a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoilo, i kekahi manawa hoʻomaha iki i ka wā o ka pala.
I nā kāne, i ka hopena o ka makahiki mua o ke ola, ʻike ʻia nā tubercles bony ma ka lae, e ulu a lilo i kumu o nā pepeiaohao e hiki mai ana. Hoʻomaka lākou e ulu mai ka makahiki ʻelua, a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kolu ossify lākou, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻili. ʻAʻohe lālā o nā pepeiaohao mua a hoʻokahe ʻia i ʻApelila. I ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, hoʻomohala nā kāne i nā pepeiaohao me nā tini. I kēlā me kēia makahiki hoʻonui ka nui a me ke kaumaha o nā pepeiaohao, a ma kahi o 10-12 mau makahiki, a laila e hele mālie i ke kaupaona a me ka nui i liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: He dia he 3-8 kg nā dia. Nui a kaumaha aku lākou ma mua o Bukhara (3-5 kg), akā ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka maral (7-15 a ʻo 20 kg), ma lalo o Caucasian (7-10 kg).
Ua kīloi nā kāne kāne makua i ko lākou mau pepeiaohao i ka hapa lua, i ka pau ʻana o Malaki. Hana ʻia ka molting i ʻelua mau manawa i ka makahiki: i ka puna a me ke kauwela. Noho nā māmala ma kahi o 12-14 mau makahiki, i ka noho pio ʻana a 20 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā dia ʻulaʻula
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o nā dia ʻulaʻula
ʻO ka ʻenemi nui o nā dia ʻulaʻula i ke ʻano ka ʻīlio hae. Alualu nā Predators i nā mākua i nā pūʻulu, ma nā pālua, akā ʻaʻole hoʻokahi, ʻoiai hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke pale iā lākou iho. Lele lākou i luna, hilinaʻi i ko lākou mau wāwae hope, kuʻi me ko lākou alo i mua, kōkua nā pepeiaohao i nā kāne i ka pale. Mai kā lākou poʻe alualu, hoʻāʻo kēia mau ungulate e pakele i nā pōhaku, hiki ke komo i nā kahawai o nā kahawai a ʻau i loko o ke kai. Holo mai nā ʻīlio hae i nā pōhaku, haki pinepine nā dia i nā pali kūlia a make.
Make pinepine kēia mau artiodactyls i nā mea hōʻole ʻē aʻe, akā hoʻouka ʻia lākou:
- na Bea;
- lynx;
- ʻīlio hae.
Hoʻolālā kūleʻa ʻo Wolverines i ka wā hoʻoilo hau a i ʻole i ka pā ke paʻakikī ka neʻe ʻana o nā dia ʻulaʻula. Hiki ke pani ʻia kahi makaʻu i nā ʻōpio e ka harza, ʻoiai, ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi, he ʻano ʻāʻī loa kona. I ka wā kahiko, weliweli nui nā tigika a me nā leopadi i nā dia ʻulaʻula, akā i kēia manawa ua kākaʻikahi lākou a ʻo ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka dia ka heluna kanaka.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ma mua ma Sikhote-Alin, hoʻonohonoho ka dia ʻulaʻula i ka lua ma hope o ka puaʻa hihiu i ka papaʻai o kahi tiger.
Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā ʻenemi o nā dia ʻulaʻula kona mau hoa ʻohana. Make kekahi o nā holoholona i ka wā o nā hakakā i ka wā o ka rut, a ua luhi kekahi o nā mea ola i hiki ʻole iā lākou ke ola i ka hoʻoilo, keu hoʻi inā he hau a hau hoʻi.
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻenemi ke kāne a me kāna mau hana. Ma waho aʻe o ka lawaiʻa a me ka lawaiʻa ʻana, hoʻohuli ka poʻe i ka ʻāina, hoʻololi i ka hele mua o nā wahi artiodactyl. Ke hoʻopau nei i nā ululāʻau, kūkulu ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale, ka palau ʻana i nā wahi o ka ululāʻau, e waiho ana i nā ala nui a me nā ala kaʻaahi, kahi kanaka e hoʻopili i nā palena ʻāina kahi e hiki ai i kēia holoholona ke noho.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: ʻĀlio ʻula dia
ʻO nā dia ʻulaʻula ma Transbaikalia i loaʻa ma mua i nā wahi āpau, koe wale no nā ʻāina mauna mauna kiʻekiʻe. Mai ka makahiki 1980, ua emi ka heluna kanaka o kēia holoholona ma kēia ʻāina no ka ʻili ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā wahi nahele. Wahi a nā hopena o ke kau inoa ʻāina ʻana no 2001-2005, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka holoholona e 9 tausani a ua 26,000 ka nui o nā kānaka. Ma ka hikina o Transbaikalia, ma kahi o 20 tausani o kēia mau artiodactyl e noho nei, ma ka hema hikina o kēia wahi. Ma kahi o ʻekolu tausani dia ʻulaʻula e noho nei ma Yakutia. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā holoholona ma Siberia Hikina ma kahi o 120 tausani mau kānaka.
Ma ka Hikina Hikina, i ke kanaha o ke kenekulia i hala, ua noho ka hapa nui o nā dia ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻāina ʻo Sikhote-Alin. I kēlā manawa, ua helu ʻia a hiki i ka 10 tausani o kēia mau holoholona ma nā ʻāina o kahi mālama. I nā kanalima, ua emi ka wahi o ka ʻāina pale i nā manawa he nui, a ua emi nui ka nui o nā dia ma aneʻi. I Primorye, ka helu o nā holoholona ma 1998-2012 he 20-22 tausani poʻo. ʻO nā kuhi o ka helu ma Kina mai 100 a 200 tausani poʻo (1993), akā ma muli o ka ʻimi kū kānāwai ʻole a me ka nalo ʻana o nā wahi noho ma muli o nā hana a ke kanaka, ke emi nei ka helu. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ma 1987 ua hōʻole ka heluna deer ma Xinjiang e 60% ma waena o 1970 a me 1980.
Me ka emi ʻana o 30-40% e ka makahiki 1975, ua hoʻonui iki ʻia kekahi mau pūʻulu, no ka laʻana ma ka palena ʻo Heilongjiang. ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻia ʻana o ka nohona ma muli o ka nalo ʻana o kahi e noho ai ka mea i alakaʻi ʻia ai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā dia ʻulaʻula ma ka hikina hikina o Kina (Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol a me Jilin) a me nā ʻāpana o nā panalāʻau ʻo Ningxia, Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan a me Tibet.
Ua helu ʻia ka holoholona ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana pale ʻia ʻo Category II i ka National Animal List o Kina. I Lūkia, ʻaʻole helu ʻia nā dia ʻulaʻula i ka Red Book, a ʻae ʻia ka lawaiʻa palena ʻia ʻana nona. Makemake ʻia kēia holoholona no kāna ʻiʻo momona a me kona ʻili ikaika. Lawe ʻia kahi wahi kūikawā e nā hoʻopili o nā pepeiaohao - antlers, nā mea i mina ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā lāʻau.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: I ke kenekulia 19, hopu ka poʻe hahai holoholona i dia ʻulaʻula me ke kōkua o nā lua, a laila mālama i kēia mau holoholona i ka home e ʻoki i nā antlers. Ua loaʻa i nā kauhale kā lākou loea ponoʻī i ka ʻike ʻana iā lākou. I nā makahiki 1890, hiki i 3000 mau ʻenekini i ʻeli ʻia ma Transbaikalia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ua komo pū kēia helu me hoʻokahi tausani antlers mai kēlā mau holoholona i mālama ʻia ma ka home.
Dia ʻulaʻula He holoholona taika nani e pono ai ka pale. No ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka heluna kanaka, pono nā hana e kāohi ai i ka huli holoholona kū ʻole i ke kānāwai, hoʻonui i nā wahi i pale ʻia, a hoʻemi i nā wahi o nā ululāʻau ululāʻau. ʻO ka waiwai o kēia holoholona he mea nui ʻaʻole wale iā ia wale nō, akā ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu meaʻai no ka tiger Ussuri laha ʻole.
Lā hoʻopuka: 08/06/2019
Lā hou: 14.08.2019 ma 21:45
