Petelo - ka meʻe o nā mele mele a me nā mele he nui, kahi manu e hele pū me nā moku me nā limu. ʻO kēia mau pilikua he mau mea hoʻoweliweli weliweli a me nā hunter dexterous hiki ke lele luhi ʻole no nā lā ma luna o ka wai.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Petrel
ʻO ka petrel kahi kai kai o ka ʻoka o nā ʻaila. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kauoha he nui nā ʻano manu, i hoʻohui ʻia ma lalo o kēia inoa. ʻO ka maʻamau i nā ʻano āpau kā lākou ʻano kālaikū, i ʻae iā lākou e lana ma luna o ka wai no kahi manawa lōʻihi a hānai mai ke kai. ʻO ka hiʻona ʻoi loa o nā paipu i ka nuku kahi e kahe ai ka paʻakai.
Pono ka petrels i ka nui o ka wai, akā noho lākou ma luna o ke kai paʻakai a me nā moana, kahi ʻaʻohe kumu o ka wai hou no kahi nui o nā kilomita. No laila, ʻo lākou, e like me nā penguin, ua hoʻomaʻa i ka inu ʻana i ka wai paʻakai. Hele ka wai paʻakai ma kahi "kānana" i ko lākou nuku a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā paipu i paʻakai.
Video: Petrel
Hoʻololi nā petrel i ka nui a me ke kala, akā nui ka nui, nā manu nunui me ka ʻēheu o kahi a i ka 1m. ʻO ia ka manu nui ʻelua ma hope o ka ʻalepo. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻaila i loko o ka Oligocene - ma kahi o 30 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻoiai ua loaʻa kekahi mau koena o nā manu e like me ke ʻano physiologically ma ka Cretaceous - mai ka 70 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
ʻO ia nā kūpuna maʻamau o nā ʻaila, nā ʻalboss a me nā ʻaila ʻino, akā ʻo nā ʻaila nā mea mua i kū. Noho ka hapa nui o nā kūpuna o ka petrel i ka Hemisphere ʻAkau, e like me ka Moana ʻAkelanika ʻĀkau. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ʻo nā ʻaila ma aneʻi, a lele lele wale paha lākou ma laila ma kahi ʻimi ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka petrel
I nā hiʻohiʻona a pau, hōʻike ka ʻaila ʻaila i ka hiki ke lele i ka manawa lōʻihi i ka lewa ma luna o ka nui o ka moana. He kino pōkole ko lākou, nā ʻeheu ikaika a me nā wāwae liʻiliʻi. Pāpulu ka uhi hulu o nā ʻaila, kāohi i nā manu mai ka hau ʻana ma lalo o ka pā o ka makani a pulu i ka wai paʻakai a me ka ua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Heʻuʻuku nā paws o nā petrel a kokoke loa i ka huelo i hiki ʻole i nā manu ke kū ma luna o lākou - pono lākou e hilinaʻi ma ko lākou mau ʻeheu a me ka umauma. Kuhikuhi iki ka nuku o kēia mau manu, ʻūlou ma ka hopena - hiki i kēia manu ke hoʻopaʻa pono i ka iʻa paheʻe.
Aia i ka laha, ʻokoʻa nā ʻaukā i ka helehelena, e like me ka nui.
ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau nā ʻano penei:
- petrel nunui ʻākau. ʻO ia ka manu nui loa o ka ʻohana petrel;
- petrel nunui hema. Ua ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia manu ma mua o kona ʻohana ʻākau;
- petrel antarctic. He mau manu ʻeleʻele keleawe kēia;
- ʻĀlika petrel. Kāhea ʻia lākou he mau manu nūnū ʻo Cape. ʻO kēia kahi manu ʻālohilohi me ka nui, e hiki aku ana i ka lōʻihi o 36 cm;
- ʻaukā hau. He ʻano liʻiliʻi kēia a i 30cm ka lōʻihi;
- ʻenekini polū. Eia kekahi manu waena me kahi eheu o 70 cm.
ʻO kēia wale nō kekahi o nā ʻano ʻaila. Aia i loko o ka ʻohana ma mua o 70 mau ʻano i ʻike ʻia.
Ma hea e noho ai ka petrel?
Kiʻi: Petrel i ka lele
Noho ka petrel i ka hapa nui o kona ola e kau ana ma luna o ka moana a me ke kai. Hoʻohui ʻia kona mau ʻeheu e paʻa ai ke kino o ka ʻaila ʻaukā i mau lā, e ʻoniʻoni ana i ka makani. He paʻakikī e inoa i kahi ʻano kikoʻī o nā petrel, ʻoiai, ʻokoʻa ka albatrosses, noho lākou i ka Hemispheres Hema a me ka ʻĀkau. Hiki ke loaʻa ka petrel nunui ʻākau ma ka ʻAkelanika, Pākīpika, nā Moana ʻInikia. Wahi pūnana - Nā Mokupuni ʻo South Georgia.
Noho ka petrel nunui hema ma nā wai like, akā ʻo nā pūnana wale nō e kokoke ana iā Antarctica. Noho ma laila nā petrel Antarctic a me ka hau. ʻOi aku nā piila a me nā aila polū i kahi aniau subantarctic, kahi pūnana ma Cape Horn. ʻIke wale ʻia ka petrel Wetland ma ke kapakai o Nūhōlani. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia nā ʻenekini liʻiliʻi, ʻokoʻa a hina hoʻi i ka ʻAkelanika. Uku kaupalena ʻia nā ʻaila ʻaihue wīwī i Tasmania ma waho o ke kapakai o Australia.
ʻAʻole pono nā petrel i kahi ʻāina maloʻo e like me ko lākou wahi noho mau. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaha iki i ka wai, hiki iā lākou ke hiamoe pono i ka lewa, ka hilinaʻi wale i nā ʻeheu hohola a me ka makani. Pae pinepine ʻo Petero ma nā moku a me nā moku e hoʻomaha ai - ʻo kēia ke ʻano i ʻike ʻia ai kēia ʻike e nā luina. Hoʻokomo wale nā petrel i ka wā hānau, ke pono lākou e hoʻomoe i nā hua a mālama i nā keiki. Koho mau lākou i nā wahi like no ka pūnana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Kahi petrel i hānau ʻia ma kahi mokupuni kikoʻī e maʻa mau ma laila wale nō.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka ʻaila ʻaila. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka meaʻai a ka ʻaila ʻaila?
Kiʻi: Manu petel
He manu lūlū ka petrel. E mālama mau i ka ikehu i loko o kahi kino nui e holo nei no nā lā, pono ka petrel i kahi nui o ka protein. No laila, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi, ʻo kāna papaʻai pū kekahi me nā ʻano crustacea a me nā cephalopods - ʻo ka heʻe nō hoʻi. Alualu nā petrel i kekahi manawa i nā moku lawaiʻa. Ma laila ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaha wale, akā loaʻa pū ka waiwai mai nā iʻa mai ka ʻupena. ʻAi ʻoluʻolu hoʻi ʻo Petero i ka ʻako, ʻaihue i ka meaʻai mai nā manu manu ʻio a me nā māmala ʻē aʻe.
Pēlā nō hoʻi nā ʻano nui o nā ʻaukā i hiki ke ʻimi holoholona ma ka ʻāina. ʻO ke kumu, luku lākou i nā pūnana o nā gull, penguins a me nā manu ʻē aʻe e ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua manu. Akā hoʻouka lākou i nā moa penguin a i ʻole nā sila hulu pēpē. ʻAʻohe kumu kūʻai no ka ʻaila kākika nui e ʻūʻū i kahi keiki pinniped i ka wā e ʻimi holoholona nei ka makuahine.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻOiai ke ʻano o nā penguin crested he mau manu liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole pili nā petrel iā lākou ma muli o ko lākou ʻano ola.
ʻO Krill kahi meaʻai kūikawā no nā ʻaila. Me nā hiʻohiʻona nuku e kānana i ka wai paʻakai, lele pono nā ʻenekini i ka ʻilikai o ka wai e ʻokiʻoki i ka wai i loko o ko lākou nuku, kānana iā ia, a komo i loko o ka neʻe o ka krrit nutritious. ʻAe kēia iā lākou e ola a hiki i ka wā wī. ʻĀlau wale nā petrels i ka pō. Kaomi ikaika ʻana i ko lākou mau ʻeheu i ke kino, ua like lākou me he roketa lā i ke komo ʻana i loko o ka wai ma kahi a lākou e ʻike ai i kahi kula iʻa. Hopu koke ʻia kekahi mau iʻa, ʻai ʻia ma lalo pono o ka wai a ʻau aku me kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi i kona nuku. ʻO ka hohonu o ka hohonu a kēia mau manu e luʻu ai 8 mau mika.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Petrel ma Lūkia
Hoʻolālā ka manu i ka hapa nui o kona manawa i ka lele ma luna o ka wai. Lele lākou i nā ʻohana hipa liʻiliʻi - 5-7 mau kānaka pākahi. No laila he maʻalahi no lākou e nānā i waho no ka mea pio ma lalo o ka wai a pakele mai nā pilikia kūpono. Akoakoa nā hui ʻenekini nunui ma luna o ke kula iʻa, ka moku, a i ʻole nā mea pio ʻē aʻe. Ma muli o kēia, manaʻo kekahi mau luina iā lākou he "ʻalā moana". Hoʻomaopopo nā luina i ka hiki kupaianaha o ka ʻaila kālailai ke ʻike i ke ʻano o kahi ʻino. I ke anuanu, ʻaʻohe makani a me ke kau maloʻo, lele lele kēia mau manu me ka maluhia i ka lani, e ʻimi nei i kahi pio. Akā inā he hekili a he makani ikaika e hele mai ana, iho haʻahaʻa nā ʻaila i lalo i ka wai a ʻuwā. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano hana i nā petrels i ko lākou inoa.
He manu kolohe a maʻalea hoʻi nā petrel. Ke iho nei i luna o nā moku i nā hui liʻiliʻi, kaʻana like lākou i nā kuleana: hoʻowalewale kekahi poʻe i nā luina ma ka hoʻohālike ʻana e ʻaihue iʻa, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻaila ʻē aʻe e hana maoli nei i ka ʻaihue a me ka hānai ʻana. Ma nā moku lawaiʻa, hiki i nā ʻaila ke hoʻopiha maikaʻi i ko lākou ʻōpū. Akā he hemahema nō hoʻi kahi e makemake ʻole ai nā ʻaila e kau i nā moku. ʻAʻole wale i kā lākou mau wāwae i hoʻoliʻiliʻi no ka hele wāwae maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hemo, e hāʻule ana i lalo loa.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo me kēlā lākiō o ka ʻēheu a me ka nui o ke kino, hiki iā ʻoe ke hemo wale ma ka luʻu ʻana mai kahi kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka hopu ʻana i ka makani. No laila, ʻae ʻoluʻolu nā petrel i nā ʻino, ke hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokele me ka palekana ma waena o nā pā makani. Hoʻolahalaha ka hana ʻino a nā Petero i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe pū kekahi. I ka ʻike ʻana i kahi sila hulu pēpē a penguin paha i waiwai pio, ʻaʻole lākou e kali no ka hele ʻana o ka makua i ka hopu holoholona, akā hoʻouka i kahi ākea. ʻO ka maʻamau ka maneuverability o ka penguin a i ʻole ka hulu hulu i lawa ʻole e hoʻokuke aku i ka ʻaila ʻaila, a make ʻo ia i ka cub, hānai iā ia i mua o ka makua.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Grey Petrel
ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe i nā petrel. I kekahi mau laha, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahine ma mua o ke kāne, akā i kekahi manawa ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa. No laila, ʻike nā petrel iā lākou i ka wahine a i ʻole ke kāne e kekahi mau hōʻailona kani a me nā neʻe o ke kino.
Hoʻohui nā manu i nā kolone nui, kahi a lākou e nānā ai i ka hoa. Hiki i kēlā mau kolone ke hiki i kahi miliona miliona. He mea paʻakikī kēia e loaʻa ai kahi kahua pūnana maikaʻi, no laila hakakā nui nā ʻaila ma waena o lākou iho i ka ʻāina hōʻoluʻolu. Hoʻomau nā hakakā ma waena o nā petrel no ka pono e hoa me ka wahine. He kākaʻikahi loa ka hana ʻana o nā petrel i nā paʻa paʻa paʻa ʻole i haki no kekahi mau makahiki.
Ma hope o ke koho ʻana o ka wahine he kāne nāna, hoʻomaka nā pāʻani moena. Lawe ke kāne i nā makana i ka wahine - nā pōhaku a me nā lālā no ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pūnana. Hoʻokumu pū lākou i kahi pūnana, a ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ʻana a waiho ʻia hoʻokahi hua. Haʻalele ka wahine i ka hua i ka mālama o ke kāne, ʻoiai ʻo ia e lele ana no hoʻokahi mahina a hānai i ke kai. I ka manawa o kona hoʻi mai, ua kiko ʻo ka moa, no laila hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hānai iā ia me nā meaʻai i hoʻoulu ʻia mai kā lākou goiter kūikawā. Hiki i ka makuakāne ke lele i loko o ke kai no ka hānai ʻana, akā hoʻi pinepine ʻo ia e hānai i ka wahine a me ka moa ulu.
ʻO ka haʻalele iā ia wale nō ka weliweli - nā petrel ʻē aʻe, no nā kumu kūpono ʻole, hiki ke pepehi i ka bipi keiki. Mālama nā ʻenekini liʻiliʻi ma o ʻelua mau mahina, nā ʻenekini nunui ʻehā. Lele aku nā pīpī pīhoihoi mai ka pūnana a poina i ko lākou mau mākua. I ka huina, ola kēia mau manu ma ka liʻiliʻi he 15 mau makahiki, akā ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka noho pio ʻana a hiki i ka 50.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka ʻaila
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka petrel
ʻO nā petrel he manu nui e hiki ke pale aku iā lākou iho, no laila he ʻenemi kūlohelohe kā lākou. ʻO ka South Pole Skua e luku pinepine i nā pūnana, ʻai i nā hua manu a me nā keiki makua ʻole inā ua hoʻomaha nā mākua i kahi. Hoʻokūkū pū kekahi mau manu me nā ʻaila kālika no ka meaʻai, no laila hiki i nā hakakā koʻikoʻi i waena o lākou.
ʻO nāʻiole a me nā pōpoki i hoʻolauna ʻia ma ka panalāʻau o ka pūnaewele pūnana kahi pōpilikia hoʻi i nā pūnana a me nā moa. Akā he mau pale pale kā kā kā petrel. ʻO ka makaʻu, ua kī ka moa i ke kahawai o ka wai fetid mai ka waha mai, kahi mea e makaʻu ai i nā mea ʻino. He aila kēia wai, paʻakikī e holoi a pilau no ka manawa lōʻihi, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka ʻimi holoholona hou ʻana o kahi mea hiki wawe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: E like me nā penguins, alakaʻi ka hilahila kāne i kekahi manawa i nā kāne male kāne like i kēia mau manu.
Hiki ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia kekahi o nā ʻaila kūmole e kekahi iʻa a me nā liona kai. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka ʻia e ka manō a i ʻole ke ola kai nui ke lele aku ka ʻaila i loko o ka wai no ka mea pio a i ʻole ke lana wale i ka nalu. Ma lalo o ka wai, pale ʻole kēia mau manu, no laila, he mea hōʻeha maʻalahi lākou.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Manu petel
Nui ka helu o nā ʻaila. ʻOiai he poʻe lawaiʻa nunui, ʻaʻole hoihoi lākou i nā manu ʻeʻe a me nā holoholona. I ka loaʻa ʻole o ka waiwai kalepa, ʻaʻole lākou i lilo i kumu o ka huli holoholona kumu ʻana e ka poʻe. ʻO ka helu o nā ʻaila ma ʻAkelanika wale nō ma kahi o 3 miliona. Noho ʻia ka Moana Pākīpika e kahi o 4 miliona mau kānaka. Loaʻa nā petrel Antarctic ma kahi o 20 miliona mau kānaka i ka huina. Paʻa ka heluna kanaka.
Eia nō naʻe, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi mau ʻano me he mea kākaʻikahi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻopili ʻia i ka Buke ʻula.
Eia nā ʻano aʻe:
- ʻōmole balearic;
- petrel wawae wīwī;
- typhoon keʻokeʻo;
- ʻO Typhoon ʻo Madeira;
- Ka makani pāhulu ʻo Hawaiʻi.
Hoʻokumu wale ʻia ka emi ʻana o nā helu e nā mea anthropogenic, a he mau kumu kekahi, a ʻo kekahi o ia mau haumia ka moana o ka honua. Luʻu pinepine ʻo Petero i loko o ka ninini o ka aila, kuhi hewa iā lākou no nā kula iʻa, e make koke ana mai ka lāʻau make. No laila hiki i nā manu ke hihia i ka palekiko ʻoiai e ʻauʻau ana a make, ʻaʻole hiki ke hemo a hemo paha. A ʻo ka lawaiʻa lehulehu nō hoʻi. Lawe ʻia ka iʻa ma kahi pālākiō i nā hale o nā ʻaila. Ua hoʻonele ʻia lākou i kā lākou lako meaʻai, ʻo ia ke kumu e pono ai i kahi neʻe lōʻihi e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai. Hoʻopili ia i ka heluna kanaka.
Petelo - he manu nunui, ʻelua wale nō i ka nui o ka ʻaleme. ʻO ko lākou nui, ka nohona a me nā ʻano kanaka i ʻae iā lākou e lilo i hoʻokahi o nā manu manu loa. Hele pū lākou me nā moku ma nā holo kai a hoʻomaopopo i nā luina no ka ʻino e hiki mai ana.
Lā paʻi: 02.08.2019 makahiki
Lā hou: 28.09.2019 ma 11:35
