Pipi ant - hoʻokahi wale nō o nā lā he 10-15 tausani e noho nei ma ka honua. Ua maopopo iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi o ke ola kaiaulu ma mua o ke kāne. ʻO kēia pēpē lōʻihi lōʻihi me ka ʻole o kahi kime o ka congeners e luku ʻia e make. ʻO ia wale nō, lilo ʻo ia i lethargic, palaualelo a lohi loa, a i kahi kime he nimble a ikaika ʻo ia. He thermophilic ia a kau ma kahi o ka mahana ma kahi o 20 ° C mahana. A loaʻa iā lākou kēia mau kūlana i nā home o ka poʻe.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻo Farao ant
No ka manawa mua, ua loaʻa kēia mau ʻāpana ʻulaʻula i nā hale kupapaʻu o nā pharaohs. Noho lākou ma luna o nā mummies, kahi a lākou i piʻi ai e ʻimi i ka meaʻai. Ma hope o ka hopu ʻia, ua hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ka Swede Carl Linnaeus no ka wehewehe ʻana i ka ʻepekema naturalist, nāna i wehewehe i kēia ʻenekia i ka makahiki 1758, e kapa ana he nahenahe pharaoh. Ua waiho ʻo ia i kahi mana i ʻAigupita a me nā ʻāina kokoke o ʻAkau ʻApelika kona ʻāina hānau. ʻO kēia holoholona he 128 mau ʻohana pili pili, a he 75 o lākou ma ʻApelika Hikina.
Video: ʻo Farao ant
I ʻEulopa, ua loaʻa ka pharaoh ant ma 1828 ma Ladana, kahi i noho kūleʻa ai kahi malihini kū ʻole i ke kānāwai i nā hale ma lalo o nā kapuahi o nā kapuahi. Ma ka 1862, ua hiki nā ʻeneki i Lūkia, ua loaʻa lākou ma Kazan. I ka 1863, ua paʻa lākou ma ʻAukekulia. Ma kauwahi o kēia manawa, ua loaʻa nā mea kolo i nā awa o ʻAmelika. Ma ka liʻuliʻu, komo nā ants pharaoh mai nā kūlanakauhale awa i hohonu a hohonu i loko o nā ʻāina. Ua ʻike ʻia ka hana ma Moscow ma 1889.
Ma Australia, ua kūleʻa nui kēia ʻano. ʻOi aku ka hoihoi o kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo ma muli o ke kū mai o kahi ʻohana ant huhū nui loa, ʻo Iridomyrmex. Hiki i kēia mau moʻo ke loaʻa koke i nā kumuwaiʻai a pale i nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe mai ke kiʻi ʻana iā lākou. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā ʻano Monom hall, ʻoiai ke ʻano mālie a me ka liʻiliʻi, hiki ke holomua ma nā wahi i hoʻomalu ʻia e Iridomyrmex.
Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia kēia kūleʻa i kā lākou papa hana ʻai pono a me ka hoʻohana pololei ʻana o nā alkaloid ʻona. Me kēia mau ʻano ʻelua, hiki i nā lāhui Monomorium ke monopolize koke a pale i ke kumu meaʻai.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka naʻau ant pharaoh
ʻO kēia kekahi o nā ake liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka nui o ka mea hana he 1.5-2 mm wale nō. ʻUlaʻula a ʻulaʻula ke kino me ka ʻōpū ʻeleʻele. He 20 mau helehelena ko kēlā me kēia maka hui, a ʻehā niho o kēlā me kēia iwi lalo. Hoʻomaopopo maopopo loa ʻia nā Groe longitudinal a me nā methanotal. ʻAʻohe "huluhulu kū" ma ka iwi kuamoʻo. Loaʻa i nā ʻōlima limahana o Paraʻo kahi lāʻau non-functional i hana ʻia e hana i nā pheromones.
ʻO nā kāne ma kahi o 3 mm ka lōʻihi, ʻeleʻele, ʻēheu (akā ʻaʻole lele). ʻEleʻele ʻulaʻula nā mōʻī wahine a 3.6-5 mm ka lōʻihi. Loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻeheu i nalowale koke ma hope o ka male ʻana. ʻEkolu mau ʻāpana kino o Paraʻo (e like me nā ʻeneka āpau): ka iwi ʻaoʻao, ke poʻo a me ka ʻōpū, a ʻekolu mau wāwae i haʻi ʻia i pili i ka iwi ʻaoʻao.
Mea hoihoi: Hoʻohana nā moʻo o Paraʻo i kā lākou antennae e ʻike i nā haʻalulu a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike i nā wahi unlit. ʻO nā huluhulu liʻiliʻi e noho ana ma ka ʻōpū e kōkua iā lākou e noʻonoʻo i ke anilā.
ʻO ka hope loa, e like me nā arthropods āpau, loaʻa iā lākou kahi exoskeleton ʻoʻoleʻa a loaʻa pū kekahi cutic waxy e pale i ka maloʻo ʻana. Hana ʻia nā iwi iwi o Arthropod i ka chitin, kahi derivative polymeric striative e like me ko mākou kui. E hoʻopau nā ʻāpana Antennal i kahi lāʻau kūʻokoʻa me ʻekolu mau māhele elongated. I nā wahine a me nā limahana, he 12 mau mahele o ka antennae, me kahi lāʻau ʻokoʻa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia he 3, ʻoiai he 13 mau ʻāpana antennae.
Ma hea e noho ai ka nahenahe pharaoh?
Kiʻi: ʻo Farao ant ma ke kūlohelohe
He ʻano tropical tropical ʻo Paraʻa pala e ulu pono ana ma nā wahi āpau i kēia manawa, ʻoiai i nā wahi mehana, hoʻolako ʻia nā hale e hoʻomehana. ʻAʻole kau palena ʻia ka nohona o ka ʻenekia i nā anuanu anuanu. He ʻōiwi kēia koʻokoʻo no ʻAigupita, akā ua neʻe ʻo ia i nā wahi he nui o ka honua. I ke kenekulia XX, ua neʻe ʻo ia me nā mea a me nā huahana ma nā ʻāina ʻelima āpau i nā kaʻa, nā moku, nā mokulele.
Kupaianaha nā ʻano nohona like ʻole e hiki ai i ko kā Pōlī naʻi ke noho! ʻO nā wahi mehana, mehana a me nā wahi pouli. I nā aniau akau, ʻike pinepine ʻia ko lākou mau pūnana i loko o nā home, me nā hakahaka i nā paia ma waena o nā ʻūlū a me nā hoʻoluʻu e hāʻawi ana i nā wahi hoʻohua mahana i hūnā ʻia mai ka maka o ke kanaka. ʻO ka antaro Pharoah kahi mea hoʻonāukiuki nui no nā mea nona ka hale, kahi paʻakikī i ka helu.
Noho ʻo nā loʻi o Paraʻo i nā lua i hoʻomākaukau ʻia:
- mau māwae ma ke kahua a me ka papahele;
- nā paia o nā hale;
- hakahaka ma lalo o ka pepa kiʻi pepa;
- ipu aniani;
- pahu;
- pelu i ka lole;
- lako pono, etc.
Hoʻomoʻa kēia ʻano i nā pūnana diffuse, ʻo ia hoʻi, noho kahi anthill i kahi ʻāina nui (ma loko o hoʻokahi home) i ke ʻano o nā pūnana i pili pū. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pūnana kekahi mau wahine hoʻomoe hua manu. Hele pinepine ʻo Ants i nā pūnana kokoke a hana i nā mea hou ke kaumaha nā kūlana.
Mea hoihoi: Ua lawe ʻia mai nā nahena o Paraʻo i Greenland, kahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai kēia mau mea kolo ma mua. I ka 2013, ua loaʻa kahi kāne kūpono o kēia ʻano 2 km mai ke kahua mokulele.
He paʻakikī e hakakā me nā ants pharaoh, ʻoiai ka uhi ʻana o ka mana pest e uhi i ka anthill holoʻokoʻa. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pale ʻana i ke komo ʻana o nā mea kolo ʻino i loko o ka home e ke sila ʻana i nā māwae a me ka pale ʻana i kā lākou pili me nā meaʻai. ʻO ka mōʻaukala, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka petrolene no kēia kumu.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i hea ka ʻāina hānau o nā pharaoh ants. E ʻike pehea e hānai ai i kēia mau nāhelehele.
He aha ka ʻai a nā pharaoh ant?
Kiʻi: ʻeneki nahele ant ʻo Paraʻo
Hoʻohana nā insect i kahi ʻōnaehana manaʻo. I kēlā me kēia kakahiaka e nānā nā mākaʻikaʻi i ka meaʻai. Ke loaʻa ke kanaka, hoʻi koke ia i ka pūnana. A laila ukali kekahi mau naonao i ke ala o ka mākaʻikaʻi i ke kumu meaʻai. Koke, kokoke kahi hui nui i ka meaʻai. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana nā kiu i nā hōʻailona kemika a me nā hōʻailona ʻike e māka i ke ala a hoʻi.
He omnivorous ka pharaoh ant, a me kāna papaʻai ākea e hōʻike ana i ke ahonui no nā ʻano nohona like ʻole. ʻAi lākou i nā meaʻono: jelly, kō, meli, pōpō a me ka berena. Nanea pū lākou i nā meaʻai momona e like me tarts, butter, ate, a me ka puaʻa. E manaʻoʻiʻo paha ʻaʻole paha, nā lole olakino hou e hoʻohuli i kēia mau mea kolo i nā haukapila. Hiki i nā loi o Paraʻo ke kolo i ka polish kāmaʻa. ʻIke ʻia nā nū e ʻai ana i ka ʻiʻo o kahi pepeke i make iho nei, e like me ka ʻokaʻā a i ʻole kahi ʻalekini. Hoʻohana lākou i nā alahele i hoʻomoe ʻia e nā limahana e loaʻa ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka papaʻai mua a ka omnivore:
- hua moa;
- kino wai;
- ʻino o nā kolo;
- nā ʻōiwi honua;
- na anoano;
- palaoa;
- nā nati;
- huaʻai;
- nectar;
- wai mea kanu;
- ʻalalā;
- mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kino.
Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka meaʻai, e mālama nā faraʻa pharaoh i ka nui o ka meaʻai i loko o nā ʻōpū o kahi hui kūikawā o nā limahana. Loaʻa i nā lālā o kēia hui nā ʻōpū nui a hiki ke hoʻoponopono hou i nā meaʻai i mālama ʻia ke pono. No laila, loaʻa i nā kolone nā mea i ka hemahema o ka meaʻai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻUniki Fula ʻulaʻula
E like me nā Hymenoptera ʻē aʻe, he ʻōnaehana haplo-diploid ko Paraʻo ants. ʻO ke kumu kēia i ka wā e male ai nā wahine, mālama ʻo ia i ka sperm. Ke neʻe nā hua i kāna mau kōwi hānau, hiki iā lākou ke momona, lilo i wahine wahine diploid, a i ʻole ʻaʻole momona, e lilo i kāne haploid. Ma muli o kēia ʻōnaehana ʻokoʻa, pili loa nā wahine i ko lākou mau kaikuahine ma mua o kā lākou keiki ponoʻī. E wehewehe paha kēia i ka noho ʻana o nā ʻeneke hana. Hoʻopili nā mea hana i nā mea hōʻiliʻili meaʻai, nā nannies o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hua manu, a me nā kiaʻi kiaʻi / pūnana.
Aia i ka pūnana nā limahana, kahi mōʻī wahine a i ʻole kekahi mau mōʻī wahine, a me nā ʻeke ʻēheu kāne / wahine. ʻO nā mea hana he wahine make wahine, ʻoiai he mau eheu nā kāne, me ka hana nui o ka hana hou. Hāʻawi pū nā ants a me nā ʻēheu manu ʻēheu i ka pale ākea no ka pūnana. Lilo ka mōʻī wahine i mea hua hua mīkini me kahi lōʻihi o ke ola. Ua nalowale kona mau ʻeheu ʻelima mau lā ma hope o ka male ʻana, noho koke ka mōʻī wahine e moe.
Nui nā mōʻī wahine i nā kolone pharaoh ant. Kūlike ka lākiō o nā mōʻī wahine i nā limahana a kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nui o ke kolone. Loaʻa i kahi kolone hoʻokahi he 1000-2500 mau limahana, akā pinepine ka kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe o nā pūnana i ka manaʻo o nā kolone nui. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mōʻī wahine ma kahi kolone liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā limahana. Mālama ʻia kēia lakio e nā limahana o ke kolone. ʻO nā lūlū e hoʻohua i nā limahana he lauoho ʻano a puni, ʻoiai nā wana e hana i nā kāne a wahine paha a lauoho ʻole.
Manaʻo ʻia hiki i nā limahana ke hoʻohana i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona e ʻike i nā larvae. Hiki i nā nannies ke ʻai i ka larva e hōʻoia i ka lakio kime maikaʻi. Hoʻoholo nui ʻia ka hoʻoholo i ka cannibalism e ka pilina caste e kū nei. ʻO kahi laʻana, inā he nui nā mōʻī wahine momona, hiki i nā limahana ke ʻai i ka larva. Kāohi ʻia nā pilina Caste i kahi hoʻāʻo e hoʻonui i ka ulu ʻana o ke kolone.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: nahenahe ʻo Paraʻo
Loaʻa nā ʻōpū o Paraʻo i nā mea hoʻopili no ka momona. Ma hope o ka male ʻana o kahi mōʻī wahine hou me hoʻokahi kāne (i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku), e mālama ʻo ia i ka sperm i loko o kāna sperm uterus a hoʻohana iā ia e momona i kāna mau hua no ke koena o kona ola.
Mea hoihoi: He mea ʻeha ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka nahenahe pharaoh no ka wahine. Aia i loko o ka pahu penile nā niho ʻoiʻoi e kū ana i kahi mānoanoa, palupalu cuticular layer i ka wahine. He kumu hoʻomohala pū kekahi kēia ʻano kope. Hoʻomaopopo nā pākā i ka lōʻihi o ka moekolohe no ka hala ʻana o ka sperm. Eia hou, ʻo ka ʻeha i kau ʻia ma ka wahine, ma ke ʻano, e hōʻemi i kona makemake e male hou.
E like me ka hapanui o nā nahesa, nā kime wahine (hiki ke hana hou) kope i ka lele ʻana i kahi moena ʻO kēia ke ʻoluʻolu nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni e paipai i ka moʻo ʻana, a lele nā kāne a me nā aliʻi wahine wahine i ka lewa i ka manawa like e loaʻa ai kahi hoa. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, make nā kāne a nalowale nā mōʻī wahine i nā ʻeheu a loaʻa kahi e hoʻomaka ai e hana i kā lākou kolone. Hiki i ka mōʻī wahine ke hua i nā hua i 10 a 12 i ka manawa like. Mālama nā hua i nā lā 42.
Mālama ka Mōʻīwahine i kāna keiki ponoʻī. Ma hope o ke oʻo ʻana o ka hanauna mua, e mālama lākou i ka mōʻī wahine a me nā hanauna e hiki mai ana i ka wā e ulu ana ke kolone. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi kolone hou e kahi mōʻī wahine hou, hiki i nā kolone ke hānau aʻe ma kā lākou ponoʻī. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua hoʻohuli ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ke kolone i kēia manawa i kahi pūnaewele pūnana "hou" me ke mōʻī wahine hou - ke kaikamahine pinepine a ke aliʻi wahine o ke kolone makua.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka pharaoh ant
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka naʻau ant pharaoh
Ulu a ulu a ulu nā lāpihi ant ma waena o 22 a 24 mau lā, e hele ana i kekahi mau hanana - nā wā ulu, a hoʻopau me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana. Ke mākaukau nā larvae, komo lākou i ka papeti papeti e hana i ka metamorphosis piha, i pau i 9-12 mau lā. ʻO ka pae pupa ka mea maʻalahi loa i ke kaiapuni a me nā mea ʻaihue. I ka wā o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua aʻo nā naonao i ka nahu a me ka nahu nui loa.
He aha nā ʻano ʻenemi e weliweli no kēia mau hunahuna.
- na Bea. Lulu lākou i nā anthills me kā lākou mau wāwae a me ka pāʻina ʻana ma nā larvae, nā mākua.
- hedgehogs. Ua lawa nā Omnivores, no laila e hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi meaʻai māmā kokoke i ka anthill.
- rana. ʻAʻole makemake paha kēia mau amphibians i ka ʻahaʻaina ma nā ants antsa.
- manu Hiki ke komo i nā ake a me nā mōʻī wahine i haʻalele i ka anthill i loko o nā nuku ulana manu.
- mole, ʻōkala. ʻIke ʻia ka mea pio ma lalo o ka honua. Ke waiho nei i ka "tunnel", hiki i nā larva a me nā mākua ke ʻai.
- nā moʻo. Hiki iā lākou ke hopu i kā lākou mea pio ma nā wahi āpau.
- liona ant. Ke kali hoʻomanawanui nei ma ka lua insect.
ʻO ke koʻohune microscopic e hiki ai i kēia mau moʻo ke lawe i kekahi manawa pathogenic, e like me Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Clostridium, a me Staphylococcus. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā ants pharaoh ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā mea nona ka hale, ke piʻi nei i ka meaʻai a me nā kīʻaha i waiho ʻole ʻia. No laila, ke hoʻāʻo nei nā mea nona nā hale ma nā hale ʻē aʻe e hoʻopau i kahi kaiāulu i ka wā hiki loa.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: ʻeneki nahele ant ʻo Paraʻo
ʻAʻohe kūlana kūikawā o kēia ant a ʻaʻole ia i ka makaʻu. Hiki i kahi kolone hua hoʻokahi ke hoʻopiha i kahi keʻena nui e ka aneane hoʻopau ʻana i nā meaola ʻino ʻē aʻe āpau ma lalo o ʻeono mau mahina. He paʻakikī loa e kāpae a kāohi iā lākou, no ka mea hiki i kekahi mau kolone ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā hui liʻiliʻi i ka wā o nā polokalamu luku, i mea e noho hou ai ma hope.
Ua lilo ʻo Para popo i pōpō koʻikoʻi i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā hale. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole, e like me ka momona, nā meaʻai kō, a me nā mea make i make. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻūlū i nā lua o ka siliki, nā rayon a me nā huahana kāpili. Hiki i nā pūnana ke liʻiliʻi loa, e lilo ana i ka ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. ʻIke mau ʻia kēia mau mea kolo i nā hakahaka ma nā paia, ma lalo o nā papahele, a i ʻole nā ʻano pono hana like ʻole. I nā hale, ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou i nā lumipaku a i ʻole ma hope o ka meaʻai.
Mea hoihoi: ʻAʻole ia e koi ʻia e pepehi i nā ants pharaoh me nā sprect insecticidal, no ka mea e alakaʻi kēia i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā ʻelala a me ka haki ʻana i nā kolone.
ʻO ke ʻano i paipai ʻia no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā ants pharaoh e hoʻohana i nā maunu ʻumeʻume no kēia ʻano. Hoʻohana nā maunu o kēia mau lā i nā mea ulu ulu o nā mū (IGR) ma ke ʻano he mea hana. Hoihoi ka naonao i ka maunu ma muli o ka ʻike o ka meaʻai a hoʻihoʻi i ka pūnana. No kekahi mau pule, pale ka IGR i ka hana ʻana o nā ake hana a neuter ka mōʻī wahine. Hoʻohou i ka lure hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau pono e pono ai.
Pipi ant e like me nā naonao ʻē aʻe, hiki iā lākou ke luku ʻia e nā maunu i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai ka 1% boric acid a me ka wai me ke kō. Inā ʻaʻole kōkua kēia mau hana, pono ʻoe e nīnau i kahi loea.
Lā paʻi: 07/31/2019
Lā hou: 07/31/2019 ma 21:50
