Elepani Kai - he sila maoli ia, a i ʻole he sila ʻole me nā pepeiao ʻole, nā lālā o ka suborder pinniped. He mau mea kupaianaha lākou: he kāne momona nui me nā ihu e hāʻule ana, nā wahine uʻi e minoʻaka mau ana, a me nā keiki momona momona me ka makemake nui.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: sila Elephant
ʻO ka sila elepani he mea luʻu kai hohonu, huakaʻi hele lōʻihi, holoholona e pōloli no nā wā lōʻihi. Kupanaha nā sila Elephant, ʻākoakoa lākou ma ka ʻāina e hānau ai, pāʻina a molt, akā aia wale lākou ma ke kai. Kau ʻia nā koi nui i ko lākou helehelena i mea e hoʻomau ai i ko lākou heihei. Hōʻike ka noiʻi i nā sila ʻelepani nā keiki a ka dolphin a me kahi platypus a i ʻole he dolphin a me kahi koala.
Video: sila Elephant
Mea hoihoi: ʻAʻole kapa ʻia kēia pinnipeds nui i nā sila elephant no ko lākou nui. Loaʻa iā lākou ko lākou inoa mai nā muzzles inflatable e like me ke kumu o kahi ʻelepani.
Ua hoʻomaka ka moʻolelo o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kolone o nā sila elepani ma Nowemapa 25, 1990, i ka wā ma kahi kahawai liʻiliʻi ma ka hema o ka hale kukui ʻo Piedras Blancas, ua helu ʻia ma lalo o ʻelua mau kakini o kēia mau holoholona. I ka puna o 1991, kokoke 400 mau sila i hānai ʻia. I Ianuali 1992, hānau ka hānau mua. Ua ulu ka kolone i kahi helu phenomenal. I ka makahiki 1993, ma kahi o 50 mau cubs i hānau ʻia. I ka makahiki 1995, ua hānau ʻia he 600 mau keiki hou. Ua hoʻomau ka pahū heluna kanaka. Ma ka 1996, ua piʻi ka helu o nā keiki i hānau ʻia a kokoke i 1,000, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kolone a hiki i nā kahakai ma ke kahakai kahakai. Hoʻonui mau ke kolone i kēia lā. I ka makahiki 2015, he 10,000 mau sila elepani.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka sila sila
ʻO nā sila Elephant nā holoholona pili aloha na ka ʻohana Phocidae. He melemele a hina hina-ʻole ka sila o ka ʻelepa elepani ʻākau, ʻoiai ka uliuli hina o ka sila o ka ʻelepa elepani. He wā hoʻokahe nui ko ka mea hema, kahi e hāʻule ai nā wahi nui o ka lauoho a me ka ʻili. Hiki i nā kāne o nā ʻano ʻelua ma kahi o 6.5 mika (21 kapuaʻi) ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ma kahi o 3,530 kg (7,780 lb) a ulu nui aʻe ma mua o nā wahine, a i kekahi manawa piʻi i 3.5 mika a kaupaona 900 kg.
Hiki i nā sila Elephant ke piʻi i 23.2 km / h. ʻO ka nui o nā pinnipeds nui loa ke ola ka sila o ka ʻelepani sila. Hiki i nā kāne ma mua o 6 mau mika ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ʻia a i 4.5 mau tona. ʻO nā peʻa kai he helehelena ākea a poepoe me nā maka nunui loa. Hānau ʻia nā ʻōpō me kahi kapa ʻeleʻele e ninini ana a puni ka manawa o ka ukuhi ʻana (28 mau lā), a ua hoʻololi ʻia e kahi pālule hina a silvery hina. Ma loko o ka makahiki, e hoʻohuli ka ʻaila i ka huluhulu kālā.
Hānau nā sila wahine ʻelepani no ka manawa mua ma kahi o ka makahiki 4, ʻoiai ka pae mai 2 a 6 mau makahiki. ʻIke ʻia nā wahine i ke oʻo kino i ka makahiki 6. Hiki i nā kāne ke oʻo kolohe ma kahi o 4 mau makahiki ke hoʻomaka ka ulu o ka ihu. ʻO ka ihu kahi ʻano moekolohe lua, e like me ka ʻumiʻumi o ke kāne, a hiki i kahi lōʻihi kupaianaha o ka hapalua mika. Hiki i nā kāne ke oʻo kino ma kahi o 9 mau makahiki. ʻO ka makahiki hānau nui ʻo 9-12 mau makahiki. Noho nā sila elepani ʻĀkau i ka awelika o 9 mau makahiki, ʻoiai he 20 a 22 mau makahiki ke ola o nā sila elepani hema.
Ua hoʻokahe nā kānaka i ko lākou lauoho a me ko lākou ʻili i nā manawa āpau, akā hele nā sila elepani i loko o kahi molt catastrophic, kahi e hoʻopili pū ai ka papa holoʻokoʻa o nā epidermis me nā lauoho i pili i hoʻokahi manawa i ka manawa. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ʻoi loa o ka molt ma ka moana lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa i ka wai hohonu anuanu. I ka wā luʻu, hoʻokahe ʻia ke koko mai ka ʻili. Kōkua kēia iā lākou e mālama i ka ikehu a mai lilo i ka wela o ke kino. ʻAʻau nā holoholona i ka honua i ka wā o molting, no ka mea hiki i ke koko ke holo i loko o ka ʻili e kōkua i ka ulu ʻana i kahi ʻāpana hou o epidermis a me ka lauoho.
Ma hea e noho ai ka sila sila?
Kiʻi: Seal Elephant Hema
ʻElua ʻano ʻelepa elephant:
- ʻākau;
- hema.
ʻIke ʻia nā sila elepani ʻĀkau ma ka ʻākau o ka Moana Pākīpika mai Baja Kaleponi, Mekiko a hiki i ke awāwa ʻo Alaska a me nā mokupuni ʻo Aleutian. I ko lākou wā hānau, noho lākou ma kahakai i nā mokupuni kahakai a me nā wahi mamao ma ka ʻāina nui. ʻO ke koena o ka makahiki, koe wale nō nā wā kōkō, noho nā wepa elepani ma kahi mamao loa o ka ʻāina (a i 8,000 km), ʻo ia hoʻi e poholo ana ma mua o 1,500 mau mika ma lalo o ka ʻili o ka moana.
ʻO nā sila ʻelepani ʻelepani hema (Mirounga leonina) e noho ana ma ka wai ʻĀina ʻĀkau a me ka wai anuanu o Antarctic. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia lākou ma ka moana Hema a puni ʻo Antarctica a ma ka hapa nui o nā mokupuni subantarctic. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka heluna kanaka ma nā Mokupuni Antipodes a me ka Mokupuni ʻo Campbell. I ka hoʻoilo, kipa pinepine lākou i nā mokupuni ʻo Auckland, Antipodes a me Snares, ʻoi aku ka pinepine o ka mokupuni Chatham a i kekahi manawa nā ʻāina nui like ʻole. Hele kipa nā ʻelepa elepani hema i nā kahakai kūloko o ka ʻāina nui ʻo Nūlani.
Ma ka ʻāina nui, hiki iā lākou ke noho ma ia wahi no kekahi mau mahina, e hāʻawi ana i ke kanaka i ka manawa kūpono e nānā i nā holoholona e noho maʻamau i nā wai kaiāulu. ʻO ka lokomaikaʻi a me ka wikiwiki o ia mau māmela kai nui hiki ke nani, a hiki i nā sila ʻōpio ke pāʻani loa.
Mea hoihoi: ʻAʻole like me ka hapa nui o nā meaola kai ʻē aʻe (e like me nā kohola a me nā dugong), ʻaʻole paʻa piha nā sila elepani: puka lākou i waho o ka wai e hoʻomaha ai, molt, hoa, a hānau keiki.
He aha ka ʻai a ka sila elepani?
Kiʻi: sila sila wahine
ʻO nā peʻa Elepani he mau holoholona. ʻO nā sila Elepani Hema he mau mea ʻino kai hamama a noho ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa ma ke kai. ʻAi lākou i ka iʻa, heʻe a i ʻole nā cephalopod ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ma nā wai Antarctic. Hele wale lākou i uka e hānai a hoʻoheheʻe ai. Hoʻolilo lākou i ke koena o ka makahiki i ka hānai ʻana i ke kai, kahi e hoʻomaha ai, ʻauʻau i luna a luʻu hoʻi i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā iʻa nui a me nā heʻe. ʻOiai ma ke kai, lawe pinepine ʻia lākou mai kā lākou wahi hānau, a hiki iā lākou ke huakaʻi i kahi mamao loa ma waena o nā manawa i hoʻolilo ʻia ma ka ʻāina.
Manaʻo ʻia e hānai kā lākou wahine a kāne a me nā kāne i nā mea pio ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka ʻai nui a ka wahine he heʻe, ʻoiai he nui ke ʻano o ka papa kāne, ʻo ia hoʻi nā manō liʻiliʻi, nā kukuna a me nā iʻa lalo. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hele nā kāne ma ka papa ʻaina ʻĀinapuni i ke kahawai ʻo Alaska. Hele nā wahine i ke kūkulu ʻākau a me ke komohana i ke kai ākea. Hana ka sila ʻelepani i kēia neʻe i ʻelua mau manawa o ka makahiki, a hoʻi hou i ka rookery.
Hele nā sila Elepani i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hoʻolilo i mau mahina i ke kai, a luʻu pinepine i ka hohonu i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻi lākou i kā lākou rookeries e hānau a hānau. ʻOiai he mau manawa nā ke sila ʻelepani kāne a wahine wahine i ke kai, ʻokoʻa kā lākou mau ala neʻe a me nā ʻano hānai. ʻimi hou aku i ke kai ākea. ʻO ka nele i ka echolocation, nā sila sila elephant e hoʻohana ai i ko lākou mau maka a me kā lākou mau kohō e ʻike ai i ka neʻe kokoke.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Seph elephant i ke ʻano
Hele mai nā sila Elephant i uka a hana i nā kolone no kekahi mau mahina wale nō o ka makahiki e hānau ai, hānau hou ai, a molt. ʻO ke koena o ka makahiki, hoʻopuehu nā kolone, a hoʻolilo kekahi i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa no ka mahiʻai ʻana, e holo ana he mau mile he mau mile a e luʻu ana i kahi hohonu loa. ʻOiai ke sila nei nā sila elepani i ke kai e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai, luʻu lākou i kahi hohonu kupaianaha.
Luu maʻamau lākou i kahi hohonu o 1,500 mau mika. ʻO ka manawa luʻu awelika he 20 mau minuke, akā hiki iā lākou ke luʻu no hoʻokahi hola a ʻoi aku paha. Ke hiki mai nā sila elepani i ka papa, lilo lākou i 2-4 mau minuke wale i ka ʻāina ma mua o ke komo hou ʻana - a hoʻomau i kēia hana luʻu 24 mau lā i ka lā.
Ma ka ʻāina, waiho mau nā sila elepani me ka wai ʻole no nā manawa lōʻihi. I mea e hōʻalo ai i ka make wai, hiki i kā lākou mau puʻupaʻa ke hana i ka mimi paʻa, kahi e nui ai ka ʻōpala a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai maoli i kēlā me kēia kulu. ʻO ka rookery kahi wahi walaʻau loa i ka wā hānau, ʻoiai e kani leo nā kāne, ʻuā nā keiki hānai, a hakakā nā wahine me kekahi e pili ana i kahi a me nā keiki. Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻōhū, nā ʻūlū, nā kāʻei, nā ʻōpala, nā ʻūlū, nā ʻūlū a me nā uwō kāne e hana i kahi symphony o ke kani o ka sila elepani.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Sila Elephant Pepe
ʻO ka sila ʻelepani hema, e like me ka sila ʻĀlani ʻelepani, hana kope a molts ma ka ʻāina, akā ʻo nā hibernates i ke kai, kokoke paha i ka hau ʻeke. Hāpai nā sila elepani Hema ma ka ʻāina akā noho ka hoʻoilo i ke kai anuanu o Antarctic e kokoke ana i ka hau Antarctic. ʻAʻole neʻe ka neʻe o ka ʻākau i ka manawa o ka hānau hou. Ke hiki mai ka wā hānau, nā sila kāne elepani e wehewehe a pale i nā panalāʻau a lilo i mea hakakā i kekahi i kekahi.
Hōʻiliʻili lākou i kahi harem o 40 a 50 mau wahine, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kā lākou mau hoa nui. Hakakā nā kāne me kekahi no ka noho moena. Pau kekahi mau hālāwai me ke kau ʻana me ka posturing huhū a me ka hakakā, akā he nui nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i lilo i nā kaua lokoino a koko hoʻi.
Hoʻomaka ka wā hānau ma ka hopena o Nowemapa. Hoʻomaka ka hōʻea ʻana o nā wahine i ka waena o Kekemapa a hoʻomau i ka hōʻea ʻana a hiki i ka waena o Pepeluali. Hana ʻia ka hānau mua ma kahi o ka lā Kalikimaka, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hānau hānau ma nā pule hope ʻelua o Ianuali. Noho nā wahine ma ke kahakai no ʻelima mau pule mai ka manawa a lākou i pae ai i uka. Kupanaha, noho nā kāne ma kahakai a hiki i 100 mau lā.
Ke hānai nei me ka waiū, ʻaʻole ʻai nā wahine - noho pū ka makuahine a me ke keiki i ka ikehu i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā waihona i lawa o kāna momona. Lilo nā kāne a me nā wahine ma kahi o 1/3 o ko lākou kaumaha i ka wā hānau. Hānau nā wahine i hoʻokahi cub i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma hope o 11 mau mahina o ka hānau ʻana.
Mea hoihoi: Ke hānau ka wahine, ʻo ka waiū āna e hūnā ai ma kahi o 12% momona. I ʻelua mau pule ma hope, hoʻonui ia helu ma mua o 50%, e hāʻawi ana i ka wai i kahi like like me ka pudding. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, loaʻa i ka waiū o ka bipi he 3.5% momona wale nō.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā sila elepani
Kiʻi: sila Elephant
ʻO nā sila ʻelepa nui o ka ʻelepani hema he mau ʻenemi, ma waena o lākou:
- kohola pepehi kanaka i hiki ke ʻimi i nā keiki a me nā sila kahiko;
- nā leopadi sila, kahi e hoʻouka a pepehi i nā keiki i kekahi manawa;
- kekahi manō nui.
ʻO nā lālā o ko lākou lehulehu i ka wā hānau hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he ʻenemi lākou i nā sila elepani. ʻO nā sila Elephant e hana i nā harems kahi e hoʻopuni ʻia ai ke kāne kāne nui a alpha paha e kahi hui wahine. Ma ke alo o ka harem, kakali nā kāne beta ma ka manaolana o kahi manawa e hoa. Kōkua lākou i ke kāne alpha e mālama i nā kāne kāne ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hakakā ʻana ma waena o nā kāne he mea pili koko ia, me nā kāne e kū ana i ko lākou mau wāwae a kuʻi iā lākou iho i kekahi i kekahi, ʻokiʻoki me nā niho kini nui.
Hoʻohana nā sila Elephant i ko lākou mau niho i ka wā o ka hakakā e hamama ai nā ʻāʻī o nā mea kūʻē. Hiki ke hōʻeha ʻino nā kāne nui mai ka hakakā ʻana me nā kāne ʻē aʻe i ka wā hānau. ʻO nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne kāne nui a me nā mea hoʻokūkū hiki ke lōʻihi, ke koko a me ka huhū nui, a ʻo ka mea nalowale e hōʻeha pinepine ʻia. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pau nā paio i ke kaua. I kekahi manawa lawa lākou no ka piʻi ʻana ma ko lākou mau wāwae hope, hoʻolei i ko lākou poʻo, hōʻike i ka nui o ko lākou ihu a me ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana e hoʻoweliweli i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe kūʻē. Akā ke hiki ke kaua, ʻaʻohe hiki iki i ka make.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o nā sila elepani
Ua ʻimi ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua o nā sila ʻelepani no ko lākou momona a aneane pau loa i ka 19 kenekulia. Eia nō naʻe, ma lalo o ka pale ʻana i ke kānāwai, ke piʻi nei ka nui o kā lākou helu a ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli hou ʻia ko lākou ola ʻana. I nā makahiki 1880, ua manaʻo ʻia ua pau nā sila elepani ʻākau, ʻoiai ua ʻimi ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua e nā koholā kahakai e loaʻa ai kā lākou momona momona, ʻo ia ka lua o ka momona sperm whale ma ke ʻano. ʻO kahi hui liʻiliʻi o nā sila elepani 20-100 i hānai ʻia ma ka mokupuni ʻo Guadalupe, kokoke i Baja Kaleponi, ua ʻike i nā hopena weliweli o ka huli haki.
Palekana mua ʻia e Mekiko a laila e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ke hoʻonui mau nei lākou i ko lākou lehulehu. Palekana ʻia e ka 1972 Marine Mammal Protection Act, ke hoʻonui nei lākou i kā lākou pae mai nā mokupuni kūwaho a ke hoʻopaʻa nei lākou i nā kahakai nui i koho ʻia e like me Piedras Blancas, ma ka hema o Sur Sur, kokoke i San Simeon. ʻO ka koho maʻamau no ka heluna sila elephant i ka makahiki 1999 ma kahi o 150,000.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO nā sila Elephant he holoholona hihiu a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻokokoke ʻia. Kūpono ʻole lākou a hiki ke hōʻeha i nā kānaka, i ka wā hānau. Hiki i ka hoʻopili kanaka ke hoʻoikaika i nā sila e hoʻohana i ka ikehu makamae e pono ai lākou e ola. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pōpō mai ko lākou mau makuahine, kahi e alakaʻi pinepine ai i ko lākou make. ʻO ka lawelawe kai lawaiʻa kaiāulu, ke keʻena pekelala i kuleana no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kānāwai ʻo Mammal Protection Protection, e paipai i kahi mamao kūpono o 15 a 30 mau mika.
Elepani Kai He holoholona kupaianaha ia. Nui a nui loa lākou ma ka ʻāina, akā maikaʻi loa i ka wai: hiki iā lākou ke luʻu a hiki i kahi hohonu o 2 mau mile a paʻa i ko lākou hanu ma lalo o ka wai a hiki i 2 mau hola. Hele nā sila Elephant i ke kai holoʻokoʻa a hiki ke ʻau i kahi mamao loa i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Ke hakakā nei lākou no kahi ma ka lā, akā ʻo ka wiwo ʻole ka hoʻokō ʻana i kā lākou mau pahuhopu.
Lā paʻi: 07/31/2019
Lā hou: 01.08.2019 ma 8:56
