Pipi ant a hormiga veinticuatro - ka nihi weliweli loa o ka honua. I ka unuhi - "ant 24 mau hola". ʻO kēia ka nui o ka hana a ka lāʻau make ʻino ʻole ʻino, a ʻo ia ka mea e ʻino ai ke nahu ia. Loaʻa ka waiwai o ka nahu o kēia ant ma 4 ma ka pālākiō Schmitt, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka ʻeha mai ka nahu ma mua o nā ʻāhaʻi o nā nalo meli weliweli a me nā nalo.
I kekahi mau ʻohana ʻInia, komo kēia ʻano nīnū i ka hana hoʻomaka o nā keikikāne, e hoʻomākaukau iā lākou no nā pilikia o ke ʻano makua a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana i koa. Ulana ʻia kēia mau mea kolo i mau mīkina lima a kau i nā lima no 10 mau minuke. ʻO nā nahu he nui e alakaʻi ai i ka lōlō o nā lālā. Lawe ʻia kēia mau hana i nā manawa he nui i loko o ka mahina.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Pila ant
No ke aupuni holoholona ʻo Paraponera clavata a i ʻole pōpoki pila, kahi ʻano o ka arthropod. Wehe pūnaewele pūnaewele. ʻO ka ʻohana ants. ʻO ka genus Paraponera he species Paraponera clavata. ʻO kēia ʻano i hōʻike mua ʻia ma ke ʻano he Formica clavata i ka 1775 e ka Denmark etymologist Fabrice. ʻO ka nīnū kekahi o nā pepeke kahiko loa loa o ko mākou honua, ua noho nā ants ma ko mākou honua 100 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei mai ka wā Mesozoic.
Wikiō: Poka ant
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka paleontology o nā ants i ʻehā mau ʻāpana: ka Lower and Upper Cretaceous, Paleocene a me Early Eocene, Middle Eocene a me Oligocene, a me nā holoholona o kēia manawa o ka Miocene. Mālama maikaʻi ʻole ʻia nā koena fossil o nā naonao kahiko a ʻoi aku ka pilikia o ka wehewehe ʻana iā lākou. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hānai ʻia ka ʻepekema i kahi ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa Paraponera, pili kēia mau ʻano i ka subfamily Paraponerinae Emery.
ʻO nā ants o kēia ʻano, he poʻe ʻaihue. ʻAi lākou i nā pepeke ola ʻelua a me ka make. Noho lākou i nā ulu lāʻau ulu. He kino ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele kā lākou. Noho lākou i loko o nā ʻohana i hoʻokahi ʻohana, aia a hiki i ka 1000 mau kānaka. He kuʻi ʻoi loa. Ke nahu ʻia, hoʻopīpī ʻia ka neurotoxin poneratoxin weliweli, kahi e hōʻino ai i ka pūnaewele o ka nahu. ʻO lākou kekahi o nā arthropods weliweli loa i ka honua ma muli o nā nahu ʻeha a me ka weliweli o ka make inā ulu kahi hopena maʻi maʻi.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka naonao pōkā
He kino nui ko ka ant ant mai 17 a 26 mm ka lōʻihi i uhi ʻia me ka pūpū paʻakikī. Na nāueu hana liʻiliʻi. Nui ka nui o ka pūpū wahine. Aia ʻo Shupliki ma ka iwi ā lalo o ka ʻelima i 5 mau ʻāpana. ʻO nā Shuplik i kau ʻia ma ka lehelehe o lalo he ʻekolu-pigmented. ʻO ke poʻo o kēia ʻano nunu he sub-square me nā kihi ākea. Aia nā maka o ka ʻelima i mua o ke ʻano o ka pōʻai kuni.
ʻEleʻele nā maka. Aia nā spurs ma nā kukuna o ka hope a me nā hui waena o nā wāwae. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāpana mua o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻeneto e kahi constriction mai ke koena. Loaʻa i nā hindwings kahi lobe anal i hoʻomohala ʻia. Hoʻopuka nā mea kolo i kahi wai pheromone kūikawā me ke kōkua o kahi dufour gland, ʻo kēia wai kahi hui o nā huʻopaʻa.
ʻO ke kala o ke kino mai ka hina hina a i ka ʻulaʻula. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke kakalaioa e like me ka nila ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka nahelehe. Aia kekahi wēlau ma kahi o 3-3.5 mm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka waihona wai ʻona ma kahi o 1.10 mm ka lōʻihi a ma kahi o kahi millimeter ke anawaena. Aia kekahi laina 3 mm lōʻihi ma waena o ke kuʻi a me ka waihona wai ʻona. Loaʻa ka lāʻau make i ka poneratoxin, hana no 24 mau hola, a ʻeha ke ʻeha nui i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia.
ʻAʻole ia e hoʻouka kaua ʻole, ma mua o ka nahu ʻana e ao aku i ka makaʻu me kahi ʻano a me kāna. ʻO nā hua o Paraponera clavata nui, poepoe, he kalima a keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. He nui ka nui o ka mōʻī wahine wahine a me kahi ʻōpū kolu nui.
I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe he mea ʻawaʻawa ka nīnū pōkā. E nānā ma kahi e loaʻa ai ka pepelu weliweli.
Ma hea e noho ai ka naonao pōkā?
Kiʻi: Pulu aniani i ke ʻano
Noho nā ants o kēia ʻano i nā wao nahele ulu o ʻAmelika Hema mai Costa Rica a me Nicaragua a i Venezuela, Brazil, Peru a me Paraguay. A ʻo kēia mau moʻo hiki ke loaʻa ma nā ululāʻau o Peru, ʻEkuador, Colombia. No ke ola, koho nā naʻu i nā ululāʻau haʻahaʻa me kahi aniau tropical tropical. Hoʻonohonoho nā kolone ant i nā pūnana lalo ma waena o nā aʻa o nā kumu lāʻau nunui. Hoʻokahi wale nō hoʻokomo o kēia mau pūnana a hoʻokahi puka. Mālama mau nā ants ma ka puka; inā he mea weliweli, aʻoaʻo lākou i ka poʻe ʻē aʻe e pili ana a pani i nā puka komo.
Aia nā pūnana ma kahi hohonu ma kahi o 0.5 mau mika. I hoʻokahi ʻano pūnana, kahi kolone liʻiliʻi a hiki i kahi tausani mau kānaka ke ola. Ma hoʻokahi hectare o ka ululāʻau, aia ma kahi o 4 mau pūnana like. Ma loko o ka hale o nā naonao ke hoʻomanaʻo ʻia o kahi hale he nui. Hoʻonui ʻia nā ala lōʻihi a kiʻekiʻe aʻe hoʻi mai kahi alawai lōʻihi i nā ʻaoʻao ma nā pae like ʻole. I ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana, hoʻonohonoho pū ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokahe wai, kahi e kūkulu ʻia nei kahi kahawai hohonu, iho i lalo mai ka pūnana.
Mea hoihoi: No ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi pūnana, koho pinepine nā naonao i kahi ma ke kumu o nā lāʻau.
I kekahi manawa hoʻonoho nā ʻenemi i ko lākou mau pūnana i nā lua o kēia mau lāʻau kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka honua. I ka manawa like, hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hollow ma ka pae o 14 mika ma luna o ka honua. ʻO ke ola o nā lōkihi limahana ma kahi o 3 mau makahiki, ola ka ʻōpū wahine ma mua o 15-20 mau makahiki, no ke ʻano mālie a me ke ana i ana ʻia.
He aha ka ʻai a ka naonao poka?
Kiʻi: Poʻomanaʻo Ant Ant
ʻO nā ants o kēia ʻano he zooonecrophages ʻili; ʻai lākou i ke kino ʻelua a me nā ʻelima liʻiliʻi e ola ana.
ʻO ka papaʻai o Paraponera clavata:
- nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi (lele, cicadas, butterflies, millipedes, bugs, a pēlā aku.);
- mea kanu mea kanu;
- huaʻai a me ka wai momona.
Lawe ʻia ka ʻimi no ka meaʻai i ka pō, a na nā ʻenemi hana wale nō. Ke waiho nei i ka pūnana, waiho nā ʻelima i kahi māka o pheromones ma ke ala, e like me kēia māka hiki iā lākou ke hoʻi, a i ʻole hiki i nā naonao ke loaʻa iā ia. Hana nui ʻia ka ʻimi no ka meaʻai i ka lāʻau a kākaʻikahi loa ka honua. Hoʻonohonoho pono nā Ants i kā lākou iho i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka lā. Hiki ke loaʻa nā meaʻai e kahi hui liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ʻo ia wale nō.
Māhele nā ants i nā mea pio he nui i mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i mea e lawe ai i ka pūnana. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ant ke lawe maʻalahi i ka mea pio a pau, no laila ke komo nei kahi hui lipi i ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻOiai e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa kahi pepelu make, he mea pio maikaʻi loa ia, hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi i nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi.
Ma waho aʻe o nā kolo, ʻaʻohe makemake o nā lū o kēia laha i ka ʻahaʻaina ʻana i ka nectar onaona o nā kumulāʻau, no kēia mea, ʻoki liʻiliʻi nā naonao i ka ʻili lāʻau a loaʻa ka wai momona. Lawe nā ʻōmaka makua i nā kulu o ke kohu i kā lākou pūnana e hānai ai i nā ʻelala ʻAi ka larva o kēia ʻano laha i ka meaʻai me ka hana mua ʻole.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Pōhaku nahenahe weliweli
E like me nā ʻano ant a pau, he kūkulu kaiāulu ulu nui ʻo Paraponera clavata. Ke hana nei kēia mau naonao i ka mea a lākou e manaʻo ai e hana i ka ʻohana i ko lākou ola āpau. Kūkulu kekahi mau nahesa, loaʻa ka ʻai i kekahi, loaʻa ka hānau wahine i ka mōʻī wahine. ʻEleu ka hana ma ka po i ka po. I ka pō hele lākou i ka hopu holoholona e kiʻi i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī. Aia ka mālie a me ke kōkua like ma waena o ka ʻohana.
Eia naʻe, ʻenemi lākou i ko lākou ʻohana mai nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe a kū mau nā hakakā ma waena o nā ʻohana. Loaʻa nā meaʻai mai nā kumulāʻau, a i ʻole (kakaʻikahi loa) mai ka honua. ʻEli nā lua i nā lua hohonu a noho ma laila i nā ʻohana nui. Mālama nā kāne a me nā wahine i nā keiki. ʻO nā mākua, kuleana no ka unuhi ʻana i ka meaʻai, lawe mai i ka meaʻai i ka pūnana no nā lūlū a me ka wahine o ka pūpū, ka mea e haʻalele ʻole i ka pūnana.
Hana ʻia ka hānai ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau a i ʻole ka papahele o ka nahele, ʻoiai e neʻe ai nā naonao i 40 mau mika mai ka pūnana. Ma mua o kēlā, hoʻomohala ʻia kahi hoʻolālā kūikawā no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, kahi e hana ai kēlā me kēia ant mai ka hui i kāna misiona. Ke hoʻi nei i ka pūnana ma kahi o 40%, halihali nā limahana i ka wai, 20% lawe mai i nā mea make i make, a 20% lawe mai i ka mea kanu mea kanu.
ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ka naʻi e hāpai ana i ka ukana ma mua o ka hoʻi nele ʻana o kēlā me kēia. Inā loaʻa kahi kumu meaʻai ma kahi kokoke, hānai wale nā ʻelemu i nā mea i loaʻa iā lākou. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e kiaʻi ʻia ka anthill e nā kiaʻi kūikawā o kekahi mau lūlū, i kahi ʻano hiki ʻole ke nānā ʻia lākou i kahi, a inā he mea weliweli lākou pani lākou i nā puka komo a hoʻomaopopo i nā nahele ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka pilikia.
ʻAʻole huhū lākou i nā kānaka a me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe inā ʻaʻole lākou e makaʻu i ka weliweli. Akā, inā ʻoe e hele i ka pūnana a hoʻāʻo paha e lawe i ka naonao i kou mau lima, e hoʻomaka ia i ke kaniʻuhū ʻana a hoʻopuka aku i kahi ʻōlelo hōʻino wai ʻala o ka weliweli Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻopili ka ʻupena i kahi ʻūlū a kāpīpī i ka lāʻau make palaly. No nā mea maʻi maʻi āpau, hiki i kēia nahu ke make.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Pila ant
Hoʻopili ʻia ka pūnana i ka puna. ʻAʻole komo nā seme hana i ke kaʻina hana kope; ua koho ʻia nā kāne ʻoi loa ke olakino no ka hānau ʻana, a make ma hope o ka male ʻana. ʻAʻole kū ka male ma loko o ka pūnana, e like me ka hihia me ka hapa nui o nā mea ola, akā ma ka honua. I ka wā male ʻana, loaʻa i ka wahine ka nui o ka sperm, i lawa no nā makahiki he 20 e hiki mai ana. Ma hope o ka momona, haki kaʻawale ka wahine i kona mau ʻeheu a kau i ka pūnana.
Hana ʻia ka moe mua ma Malaki-ʻApelila. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua i loko o kahi keʻena kūikawā. Poepoe nā hua manu a ʻano nui. ʻO ke kala o nā hua he kirima keʻokeʻo paha me ka yellowness. Hānau ʻia ka larvae mua i loko o kekahi mau lā, mālama ʻia ka pua e ka ʻohana nui āpau. Hoʻolilo nā loʻi limahana i ka meaʻai mai ka waha a ka waha i ke kaulahao. ʻAʻole pono ka meaʻai i kahi hana kūikawā, lawe ʻia ia e nā ʻūlū i loko o ke ʻano kahi i haki liʻiliʻi wale ʻia.
Lawe pū ʻia ka larvae i ka wai a me ka wai nectar mai nā ʻeneki hana. Ke ulu aʻe nā keiki, kū kēlā me kēia nū i kona wahi i ka anthill, a hoʻomaka e hoʻokō i kāna nuʻukia kikoʻī.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Pili i kekahi caste i loko o nā larvae hilinaʻi nui i nā hormones e hana ʻia e nā glands o ka iwi ā lalo a komo i ka meaʻai.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka naonao pōkā
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka naonao poka
Nui nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā ants o kēia ʻano.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka pōkā pū ka:
- manu;
- nā moʻo;
- ʻōʻā;
- ʻūpā ahi;
- anteater;
- liona ant.
I ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana ma kahi anthill, hoʻomaka ke kolamu e pale ikaika iā ia iho. ʻAʻole hūnā nā ants i kahi anthill, akā hoʻomau no ka pale ʻana i kā lākou keiki. Hiki ke ola ke kolone ma muli o ka make ʻana o kekahi poʻe. Ke hoʻouka kaua nei i nā ʻenemi, nahu me ka ʻeha nā ʻenemi o kēia laha, a laila hoʻouka kaua i ka ʻenemi. Hiki i ka ʻenemi ke hoʻohoka i nā lālā mai ka lāʻau make o ka naonao a hoʻi hope ʻo ia. Hoʻouka pinepine ʻia nā nahenahe ke kolo wale lākou, a i ʻole nā hui liʻiliʻi.
Mea hoihoi: Hiki i nā ʻiʻo pōkā ke ʻuwā me ka leo nui i ka wā makaʻu, e makaʻala ana i ka makaʻu o nā ʻenemi ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā pūnana o nā nahe e nā nalo ʻo Apocephalus paraponerae a hānai i nā mea huna o nā naonao. A ʻo ka bacteria bacteria Bartonella hoʻi i loaʻa pinepine i ke kino o nā ants, he kuleana nui lākou i ka ʻōnaehana digestive, me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hānai ʻana i ka momona, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā bacteria i loko o ka pūnana. ʻO ka ʻenemi weliweli loa no nā ants nā kānaka. ʻOkiʻoki ka poʻe i nā ululāʻau kahi e noho ai kēia mau mea ʻino, luku i nā anthills. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻohana nā ʻohana ʻInia he nui i kēia mau kolo no nā hana maʻamau, a ma hope iho make nā kolo.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Poʻomanaʻo Ant Ant
Ma muli o ka nui o ka nui o nā kaikaina ma ke ʻano, i like ke ʻano me ka helehelena, paʻakikī loa e hoʻoholo i ka helu o kēia mau arthropods. Noho nā nū o kēia ʻano ma lalo o ka honua a kiʻekiʻe paha i nā kumulāʻau, noho i nā ʻohana nui a paʻakikī e nānā i kā lākou helu. He mau pepelika hoʻomau mau nā ʻenekua a ola i nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole o ke kaiapuni. I ka papa o ka evolution, ua hoʻomohala nā naonao i nā ʻano kūikawā e kōkua iā lākou e ola a pale iā lākou iho a me ko lākou mau home. I nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa, pale ʻia nā pūnana nāhelehele. I ko mākou ʻāina, ʻo ka hōʻino ʻana i nā anthills i manaʻo ʻia he hewa hoʻomalu a hoʻopaʻi ʻia e ka uku.
ʻAʻole mālama ka ʻano Paraponera clavata i kahi hopohopo nui, a ʻaʻole pono i kahi pale hou aʻe. E mālama ai ʻaʻole wale nō kēia ʻano luli, akā he holoholona ʻē aʻe a me nā kolo, pono e kāpae i ka nahele ʻana ma ka nohona naʻi. E hana hou i nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā pāka. I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻomaka nā hobbyist he nui i nā mahina ʻai ant a loaʻa i kēia mau pōpoki weliweli e like me nā holoholona. I ka paʻa pio ʻana, maikaʻi ka naʻau o nā pōkā pōkā, maʻalahi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa, akā pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia he weliweli loa kēia mau ʻōpū. No nā mea maʻi maʻi ʻaʻā, hiki i ka nahu o kēlā ʻenemi ke make, no laila ʻaʻole e paipai ʻia ka mālama ʻana iā lākou i ka home.
Pipi ant - ka lāhui nui a weliweli loa o ka honua i ka honua, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, mālie a maluhia hoʻi, me ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe a me kahi hui kaiaulu ulu maikaʻi. Weliweli wale kēia mau nahenahe ke pale aku lākou iā lākou iho a, ma mua o ka nahu ʻana, aʻoaʻo lākou. Inā ʻoe e ʻike i kēia mau nunu, mai hoʻopā aku iā lākou me kou mau lima. Inā he nahu, pono ia e lawe i kahi mea anti-maʻi āpau a ʻimi i ke kōkua mai ke kauka.
Lā paʻi: 28.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/30/2019 ma 21:19
