ʻO wai ia huhū, maopopo paha nā lawaiʻa āpau. He ʻano ilo ia e noho ana ma nā kahakai one. ʻO kēia ka mea e wehewehe ai i ko lākou inoa. Mālama kēia ʻano ʻenuhe e kanu iā lākou iho i ke one i kāwili ʻia me ka wai a me ka silt a noho mau ma laila kokoke mau. ʻEʻeli ka pepeke i ke one ʻaneʻane mau. I ke one a i kahakai paha kahi a lākou e noho ai, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi nui o nā tunnels i ʻeli ʻia e lākou. Kaulana loa kēia ʻano worm i waena o nā lawaiʻa lawena, no ka mea, he ʻume ia i nā ʻano iʻa.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Peskozhil
ʻO Peskozhil kahi lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻano annelid, nā ʻenuhe polychaete papa, ka ʻohana o nā sandworms, kahi ʻano o nā ʻūwī kai. Nui nā mana o ke kumu o kēia ʻano worm. Wahi a kekahi o lākou mai nā kolone multicellular lākou i hoʻomaka ai. Wahi a kahi mana ʻē aʻe i ulu mai nā annelids mai nā flatworms noho manuahi. I ke kākoʻo o kēia mana, kāhea nā ʻepekema i ke alo o cilia ma ke kino o nā ʻenuhe.
Video: Peskozhil
ʻO nā ilo ka mea i lilo i mea ola mua ma ka honua e hoʻomohala pono ʻia, nā lālā multicellular. ʻO nā kūpuna kahiko o nā ilo i kū mai ka moana a nānā aku e like me ka nui like like, like me ka slime. Hiki i kēia mau mea ola ke ulu, hana kope ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hiki ke ʻoki a assimilate i nā meaʻai mai ko lākou kaiapuni.
He manaʻo ʻē aʻe kā nā kānaka ʻepekema no ke kumu o nā annelids. Hiki iā lākou ke hele mai i nā holoholona, i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke ʻano pilikino o ka mālama ʻana iā ia iho, ua aʻo e kolo, a loaʻa i ko lākou kino i kahi ʻano fusiform me nā wēlau ʻelua, a me nā ʻaoʻao ventral a me dorsal. ʻO Peskozhil kahi kaiāulu wale nō, nona nā kūpuna, i ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana, hoʻolaha ma luna o ka ʻāina o ka moana honua.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Sandworm
Pili kēia ʻano ilo i nā mea nui. Ua ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino i 25 kenimika, a ʻo ko lākou anawaena he 0.9-13 kenimika. Hiki i nā ʻenuhe o kēia ʻano i nā kala like ʻole.
Aia ia i ka wahi o ka noho:
- ulaʻula;
- ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
- melemele;
- palaunu.
Māhele ʻia ke kino o kēia mea i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana.
- ʻo ka ʻāpana mua he ʻulaʻula pinepine. ʻAʻohe ona hulu;
- ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o ka ʻaoʻao ma mua o ka mua;
- pouli ke kua, kokoke eleele. Loaʻa iā ia he mau setae he nui a me kahi mau gills e hana i ka hana hanu.
Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻōnaehana kahe o ka ʻili one e nā moku nui ʻelua: dorsal a me ka ʻōpū. He ʻano paʻa kona o ke ʻano. Hoʻopiha ʻia ke koko i nā nui i lawa me nā mea hao me ka hao, ma muli o ke kala ʻulaʻula. Hāʻawi ʻia ke kahe o ke koko e ka pulsation o ka ipu dorsal, a i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano ʻenuhe e kahi musculature i hoʻomohala ʻia aʻe. Neʻe nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka papa o nā worm polychaete i ka neha ma ka pahu ʻana i nā mea o ke kino wai mai kekahi wēlau o ke kino i kekahi.
Māhele ʻia ke kino i nā ʻāpana. I ka huina, māhele ʻia ke kino o kahi ʻenuhe makua i nā ʻāpana 10-12. I ka helehelena, ʻano like loa lākou me ka honua honua. Noho nā ʻano ʻelua i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola i ka lepo.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻenekini?
Kiʻi: Worm sandworm
He kamaʻāina kai wale nō ka sandworm. ʻIke pinepine ʻia lākou i nā helu nui ma nā kahawai wai, nā kahawai, nā kahakai a i ʻole nā backwaters.
Nā ʻāpana ʻāina o ka nohona pōhaku:
- Kai ʻEleʻele;
- Kai Barents;
- Kai Keʻokeʻo.
Ma ke ʻano he wahi noho, koho nā sandworms i nā waihona wai me ka wai paʻakai. Noho nui lākou i ka moana kai. Ma waho, i nā wahi noho o ka ilo, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ke komo ʻana i nā apo one kokoke i nā lua pele. ʻAʻohe o ka oxygen i loko o ke one kai, no laila pono e hanu nā ilo i ka oxygen, i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai. E hana i kēia, piʻi lākou i ka papa o ko lākou mau hale tubular. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā lehulehu o kēia mau ʻelele o nā flora a me nā holoholona e noho ana ma kahakai. Aia ia ma ke kahakai no lākou nā kūlana maikaʻi loa. I kekahi mau wahi, aia nā pūʻulu nunui o lākou, ʻo ka helu o ia mau mea i hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o kekahi mau ʻumi a i ʻole he mau haneli mau tausani no kēlā me kēia mika mika o ka wahi.
Noho kēia mau mea i loko o nā lua, ke ʻano o kā lākou iho e hana ai. Ma ke kūlohelohe, hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻenuhe me ka hiki ke hūnā i kahi lāʻau pipili me ke kōkua o nā glands kūikawā. ʻAe kēia hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui a hoʻopaʻa i nā one o ke one e hele ai ke one iā ia iho. ʻO ka hope loa, lilo lākou i mau paia o kēia hale, a puka paha. Aia ka puka i ke ʻano o ka paipu ma ke ʻano o ka leka L. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kēlā paipu a i ʻole ke tunnel aia ma ka awelika 20-30 mau kenimika.
I loko o kēia mau paipu, hoʻolōʻihi nā uaua o ke one i kahi manawa lōʻihi o ka manawa me ka kolo ʻole ʻana i waho. ʻ claimlelo nā ʻepekema ʻaʻole hiki i nā ilo ke haʻalele i ko lākou wahi i noho ai no kekahi mau mahina. Lawe ke au i ka ʻai i koi ʻia i ʻelua mau manawa i ka lā i ka puʻuhonua sandworm. ʻO kēia mau lua ka pale nui i nā ʻenemi lehulehu. ʻO ka manawa pinepine i ka wā mahana, ma hope o ka pouli, hiki ke ʻike ʻia lākou i ka mauʻu ma hope o kā lākou mau lua. Inā he mau pōhaku ma kahakai, a laila hiki ke mālama ʻia nā hōʻiliʻili nui ma lalo o lākou.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka sandworm. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka sandworm?
Kiʻi: Ke one kai
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ke kumu nui o nā meaʻai, nā limu popopo a me nā ʻano mea ulu o ke kai, kahi e hele ai nā aa o ke one ma loko o ko lākou kino i ka ʻeli ʻana i nā tunnels. I ke kaʻina o ka ʻeli ʻana i nā tunnels, ale nā lunamaka o ka hulu i kahi nui o ke one kai, a he mea hoʻohui i ke one ponoʻī, loaʻa ka detritus.
ʻO Detritus ka meaola a ka ilo e hānai ai. Ma hope o ka ale ʻana, hele ka nui i loko o ke kino o ka sandworm. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ʻo Detritus a hoʻopau ʻia ke one e nā ʻōpū e like me ka excrement. I mea e kipaku aku ai i ka ʻōpala a me ke one ʻole i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hoʻopuka ia i ka hope o ka huelo o ke kino i ka ʻili mai kona hale.
I nā wahi ʻokoʻa o ka noho o nā ilo, ka lepo like ʻole. ʻO ka mea makemake nui ʻia ka palolo a me ka lepo. Aia ia i loko o ka lepo e like me ka nui o nā meaola i loko. Inā ʻaʻole moni kēia mau mea ola i ke one nui, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale iā ia me nā mea maʻalahi me ka maʻalahi. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻōnaehana digestive o nā ilo i ke ʻano o kahi kānana e hoʻokaʻawale i ke one kūpono ʻole mai nā mea momona.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Sandworm
Noho pinepine ʻo Sandworms i nā kolone he nui. ʻO ka helu o ka poʻe ma kahi ʻāina liʻiliʻi i hiki i nā ʻāpana kupaianaha i kekahi mau wahi. Hoʻolilo lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa i loko o kā lākou mau lua puhi. Inā hoʻomaka kahi iʻa e ʻimi no kahi mea i hāʻawi ʻia no flora kai a me nā holoholona, pili paʻa ia i ka paia o kona puʻuhonua me ke kōkua o nā hulu. Ma ke kūlohelohe, hāʻawi ʻia mai nā ʻenewelen me kahi hiki kupaianaha e mālama iā lākou iho. Inā hopu ʻoe iā ia ma ka mua a ma hope paha, hoʻolei ʻo ia i kēia ʻāpana i hope a peʻe i ka hale. Ma hope iho, hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao nalowale.
Haʻalele nā sandworm i nā lehulehu he nui i kā lākou mau tunnels i ke au kiʻekiʻe. Alakaʻi nā ʻenuhe i kahi ʻano o ke ola, e ʻeli mau ana i nā tunnels a me nā tunnels i ke one kai. I ke kaʻina hana o ke tunneling, moni nā ʻenuhe i kahi nui o ke one, i hele maoli ʻia i loko o ko lākou kino holoʻokoʻa. Kuhi ʻia ke one i hoʻopiha ʻia ma loko o nā ʻōpū. ʻO ia ke kumu i nā wahi kahi i ʻeli ai ka ʻenuhe i kahi ʻoka, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā kaha one ma ke ʻano o nā lua pele a i ʻole nā puʻu. ʻO kēia kahi e komo ai nā mea kanu kai ma nā ʻano like ʻole.
Mea hoihoi: Ua alakaʻi ʻia nā kānaka ʻepekema i kahi noiʻi, a ma ia mau manawa ua hiki iā lākou ke ʻike aia ma kahi o 15 mau tona o ke one kai i kēlā me kēia lā e hele i loko o nā ʻōpū o hoʻokahi kanaka!
Mahalo i ka lāʻau huna huna, hiki iā ia ke pale i ka hōʻino ʻana i nā paia o ka ʻōpū. ʻOiai i ke one, hāʻawi nā sandworm iā lākou iho me ka meaʻai a me ka pale ʻana mai ka nui o ka ʻenemi.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Peskozhil Nui
ʻO nā veins one he mea dioecious. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka natura i hiki i nā ilo, ka nui o nā ʻenemi, hiki ke hana hou me ka hoʻokae ʻole i ka lehulehu. No kēia kumu, hana ʻia ka hānau ma ka wai. I ka wā hānau, hana ʻia nā waimaka liʻiliʻi ma ke kino o nā ʻenuhe, kahi e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai nā hua a me nā sperm i loko o ka wai, a kau i ka papa kai.
Aia nā hōʻike a me nā ovaries i ka hapa nui o nā aa o ke one. No ka hoʻoulu ʻana, pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kāne a me nā hunaola wahine i nā manawa like. A laila noho lākou i ka limu a mālama ʻia ka momona.
Hoʻomaka ka wā hānau a ma waena paha o ʻOkakopa a hala ka awelika o 2-2.5 mau pule. Ma hope o ka hoʻouluulu, loaʻa nā larvae mai nā hua manu, e ulu koke ana a lilo i poʻe mākua. ʻAneʻane mai nā lā mua o ke ola, ʻo lākou, e like me nā mākua, hoʻomaka e ʻeli i kahi tunnel, a lilo ia i pale kūpaʻa kūʻē i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā veins one he 5-6 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o sandworms
Kiʻi: Worm sandworm
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, he nui nā ʻenemi o nā ilo.
Noho ka ʻenemi o ke one i ka nahelehele:
- kekahi ʻano manu, ʻo nā gull pinepine a i ʻole nā ʻano manu kai ʻē aʻe;
- echinod germ;
- crustaceans;
- kekahi mau pūpū;
- kahi nui loa o nā ʻano iʻa liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi hoʻi (cod, navaga).
Makemake nui kahi iʻa nui i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ilo. Hāpai lākou i ka manawa ke ʻike ʻia kekahi ʻāpana o ke one ma lalo ma ke ʻano o ka lua pele a lālau koke i ka ilo. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maʻalahi kēia e hana. Me ke kōkua ʻana o nā bristles ulana, pili paʻa ia i nā paia o kāna ana. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki i nā ilo ke noho i kahi ʻāpana o ko lākou kino. Ma waho o ka iʻa, ʻimi nā manu a me nā crustacean i nā ilo i loko o nā wai pāpaʻu a i ʻole ke kai. He waiwai nui lākou no ka poʻe puni lawaiʻa.
Huli ke kanaka i nā ʻenuhe ʻaʻole maunu wale no ka lawaiʻa kūleʻa. I kēia mau lā, ua ʻike ka ʻepekema i kona kino i kahi mea me kahi hopena antimicrobial i ʻōlelo ʻia. I kēia pili, i kēia lā ʻo ia ka mea o nā noiʻi he nui a hoʻāʻo e hoʻohana ia mea i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka cosmetic lāʻau.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Peskozhil i ke kūlohelohe
I kekahi mau wahi, ua manoanoa ka helu o nā uaua one. Hiki i kā lākou helu 270,000 - 300,000 mau kānaka ma ka mika mika hoʻokahi o ka teritori. Eia kekahi, momona loa lākou.
ʻIke hoihoi: Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana, ma kahi o ka 1000,000 mau hua e hiki ke ulu aʻe i ka lua o ke kino o hoʻokahi kanaka makua.
He nui ka nui o nā ilo i make i ka hopena o ka ʻimi manu ʻana o nā manu, nā iʻa, nā echinod germ, a me nā crustacean. ʻO kekahi ʻenemi nāna i hopu i nā koʻe he nui he kanaka. ʻO kēia mau ilo i waiwai nui ʻia e nā lawaiʻa ma muli o ke aloha o ka hapa nui o nā iʻa e pāʻina iā lākou.
Pilikia lākou i nā loli i nā kūlana aniau o ke kaiapuni. Make nā ilo i nā kolone ma muli o ka haumia o ka nohona. Peskozhil he hiʻohiʻona e hoʻomanaʻo loa ana i nā annelids. Nui nā mea like, ʻaʻole wale i ka helehelena, akā i ko lākou nohona. Hele pinepine nā lawaiʻa i kahakai no nā ʻenuhe. Maopopo loa iā lākou ka ʻeli a mālama pono ʻana i mea e holo pono ai ka lawaiʻa ʻana.
Lā paʻi: 20.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/26/2019 ma 9:16
