Mule

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Mule He holoholona i hānai ʻia i nā ʻano hana na nā mea hoʻohua. ʻO ka miula ka mea o ka lio a me ka hoki. Hoʻokele ʻia ka holoholona me ka wikiwiki a me ka kūleʻa. Ua hānai ʻia nā miula ma ke ʻano he holoholona home i nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e nā kānaka ma ke ʻano he limahana e hana i ka hana nui. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka helu kikoʻī o kēia mau holoholona. ʻO kēia mau holoholona ka poʻe koa o nā kaʻao he nui, nā moʻolelo a me nā mea pohihihi. I nā kumuwaiwai palapala he nui, loaʻa ia ma lalo o ka miula inoa.

Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe

Kiʻi: mule

He paʻakikī e kapa i ka manawa kikoʻī o ke kumu o ka holoholona. ʻO ka ʻōlelo mua o ia hāʻule ma 480 BC. Ua hōʻike mua ʻia ka miula e Herodotus i loko o ka palapala hemolele e pili ana i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o ka Mōʻī Xerxes ma Helene. I mea e hānai ai i kahi ʻano holoholona hou, hele nā ​​zologist a me nā mea hoʻohua i nā lio a me nā hoki o nā ʻano like ʻole.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻepekema a me nā kānaka noiʻi e ʻōlelo me ka hilinaʻi i ka mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa o ka hānau ʻana o nā holoholona hou, ʻo nā miula ka mea i kūleʻa loa. I ka 1938, ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau holoholona ma kahi o 15 miliona mau kānaka. Loaʻa iā lākou nā pōmaikaʻi nui hiki ʻole ke hōʻole ʻia, akā ʻaʻole lākou i nele i kekahi mau mea maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka drawback nui wale nō ka infertility o nā holoholona. Ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe Geneticist i ke kumu o kēia hanana aia i kahi chromosome kikoʻī. Ua hoʻoili ʻia nā moʻo he 32 mau chromosome mai nā lio, ʻoiai ua loaʻa iā lākou he 31 mau chromosome mai kahi hoki. He huina pālua ʻole ka huina.

Video: Mule

Ma kēia mea, ua hoʻoholo ka ʻepekema e clone i kēia holoholona. I ka makahiki 2003, ua kālele maikaʻi ʻia ka miula a ua kapa ʻia ʻo Jim. No ka manawa mua, hānai nui ʻia nā miula nui maʻAmelika ma ka hoʻokumu ʻia o George Wakinekona. Ua ʻike koke ka poʻe i nā ʻaoʻao maikaʻi he nui: ka ahonui, ka mālie, ka hana nui. Ma hope o kēlā, lawe ʻia nā holoholona i nā ʻāina like ʻole ma ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAkau ʻĀkau, ʻAsia, ʻEulopa, ʻApelika, etc. Hōʻike nā hōʻike moʻolelo i lawe ʻia kēia mau holoholona no ke kumu o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā hoʻokūkū naita ma Medieval Europe. Ua hiki nō iā lākou ke kūpaʻa i nā naita i nā mea kaua ʻoi loa no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa.

Aia kekahi hōʻike i ka 1495 ua hānai ʻo Christopher Columbus i nā miula me kona mau lima ponoʻī ma ka ʻāina āna i ʻike ai. Nāna nō i lawe mai nā holoholona āna i hānai ai iā Cuba a me Mekiko. Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā wahine no ka holo lio, a ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kāne e halihali i nā ukana kaumaha.

ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Kiʻi: mule holoholona

I waho, he mau hiʻohiʻona ko nā miula o ka lio a me ka hoki. Loaʻa iā lākou ko lākou ʻano a me ko lākou kino mai ka lio, a me ke ʻano o ke poʻo, ʻaʻole lōʻihi nā lālā, a hoʻoilina ka ʻāʻī mai ka hoki. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā pepeiao a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā hoki, i ke ʻano o ka lio. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona equine hiʻohiʻona ke kū ʻana o kahi bang, mane a me ka huelo. Loaʻa i nā holoholona he mau ʻano kala like ʻole.

Pili pono ke kaupaona i ke kaumaha o ka makuahine. Hoʻoholo pū ʻia ke kala a me ka malu e nā ʻano o ka makuahine. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi mākua ma ka withers he ʻokoʻa mai hoʻokahi a hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino he ʻokoʻa loa ia, hiki ke kaulike i ka pae mai 280 a i 650 kilokilo. I ka hapa nui o nā hihia, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hoki i ke kino a me ke kaumaha ma mua o ko lākou mau mākua. E pili ana i kēia, i mea e loaʻa ai nā keiki olakino a ikaika hoʻi, koho wale nā ​​mea hoʻohua i nā lunamakaʻāinana kiʻekiʻe a momona hoʻi o nā lāhui e kū nei.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau holoholona e ka dimorphism moekolohe. ʻOi aku nā wahine i ka nui o ke kino ma mua o nā kāne. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā miula e ke kū ʻana o kekahi mau ʻano i loko o nā kānaka āpau, me ka nānā ʻole i nā mākua.

Nā hōʻailona maʻamau:

  • poʻo nui;
  • nā maka ʻaʻano ʻalemona;
  • mae wale a pōkole;
  • laina pololei i wehewehe pono ʻia;
  • hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka croup i nā lio;
  • pololei, ʻoiai ka ʻāʻī;
  • pōkole, ikaika nā lālā me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, elongated.

Ma hea e noho ai ka hoki?

Kiʻi: mule liʻiliʻi

Maʻa mau nā mule ma ʻAmelika Hema. Hoʻohui ʻia, maʻa mau lākou i nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua.

Nā wahi ʻāina kahi e noho ai nā hoki:

  • Nā ʻāina ʻĀkia waena;
  • Kōlea;
  • Transcarpathia;
  • nā ʻaoʻao hema o ʻEulopa;
  • ʻApelika
  • ʻAmelike ʻĀkau;
  • ʻAmelika Hema.

I kēia lā ua hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia nā miula i nā wahi kahi i koi ʻia ai ka poʻe e hana ikaika i ka hana kino. ʻO kā lākou hana nui, hoʻomanawanui a unpretentiousness i nā ʻano paʻa e pono ai i ka lawe ʻana i nā ukana ma waena o nā ʻāina mauna a me nā wahi paʻakikī e hiki aku ai. 'O ka mea maikaʻi,' aʻole pono he kāmaʻa i nā holoholona. Hiki iā lākou ke maʻa maʻalahi i ka ua, ka lepo, a ma ke ala hau hoʻi.

Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā miula ma nā ʻāina ʻAsia, a ma loko hoʻi o ka ʻāina ʻApelika, kahi pono e neʻe i nā lako koa. I ka wā kahiko, me ke kōkua o kēia mau holoholona, ​​lawe ʻia ka poʻe ʻeha mai ke kahua kaua, a me nā minela ʻē aʻe i lawe ʻia. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe Zoologists ʻo nā miula ka mea koi ʻole i nā kūlana o ka paʻa. Me ka lawa o ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomanawanui maʻalahi i ke anuanu, ka hau a me nā aniani maloʻo. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke nā holoholona i nā mea nona inā mālama pono lākou iā lākou.

He aha ka mule e ʻai ai?

Kiʻi: mule i ke kūlohelohe

Ma nā ʻōlelo e hāʻawi ana i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole e hāʻawi ka miula i nā mea nona ka pilikia. Hoʻohālikelike nā mea hoʻohua holoholona i nā kumukūʻai no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai i nā lio a me nā miula a ua ʻike ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻai ʻana i nā miula. No ka ulu ʻana o ka nui o nā mākala, koi nā holoholona i ka meaʻai kahi predominates ka protein protein.

He aha ka mea e hana ai ma ke kahua he ʻai no nā miula:

  • ʻākala;
  • mauʻu;
  • legume;
  • nā mea kanu hou - kāloti, kulina;
  • ohia;
  • cereals - ʻoka;
  • ʻōmaʻomaʻo

Ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka miula he kāwili ʻia o nā ʻano holoholona ʻē aʻe ʻelua, kaʻana like ka meaʻai me ka lio a me ka hoki. I ka papaʻai, ʻo ka mahele nui ka mauʻu, a mauʻu mauʻu maloʻo paha. Pili ka helu o kēlā me kēia lā i ke kaumaha o ka mule. Pono ka holoholona maʻamau e pili ana iā 5-7 kilogram o ka mauʻu maloʻo a me 3-4 kilokika o ka hānai kaulike i kēlā me kēia lā. Inā ʻaʻohe, hiki iā ʻoe ke kuke iā ʻoe iho, a i ʻole hoʻololi wale iā ia me nā mea kanu hou - kaʻuala, kāloti, kulina, nā mea kanu hou.

Pono e hoʻopili i ka papaʻai o kahi mule liʻiliʻi ma ka liʻiliʻi o ʻehā mau kilogram o ka mauʻu i koho ʻia, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. I kona wā e ulu ana, hoʻonui kāna papaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu, nā meaʻai i hoʻomākaukau kaulike ʻia i nā mea liʻiliʻi e hoʻokomo ʻia i loko.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona

Kiʻi: mule holoholona

Nui a maikaʻi nā pono a me nā maikaʻi i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o nā miula. He mālie loa lākou, akahai a me nā holoholona hana. Me ka ukana kaumaha a i ʻole ka mea holo ma nā kapa holoʻokoʻa, hiki iā lākou ke huakaʻi i kahi mamao loa ma ka wikiwiki o 5-8 mau mile i kēlā me kēia hola. Pono kēia mākaukau no nā kamaʻāina o nā kuahiwi a me waho o ke alanui, a me kēlā mau ʻāina mamao loa mai nā alanui maikaʻi a kiʻekiʻe. He mea maʻa mau i nā miula ke hoʻopuka i kekahi mau leo ​​e like me ka huikau o nā hoki a me ka hoanoho o ka lio.

ʻAʻole kū wale nā ​​mule e kū wale i ka hoʻoikaika kino, akā no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kekahi pono ka pale ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole. Ma muli o kēia, hiki i ka awelika o ke ola o kekahi mau kānaka ke hiki i 60-65 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua hoʻomau lākou i ka hana no 30 mau makahiki.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano nui o ka holoholona:

  • kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻokōʻana;
  • ahonui;
  • unpretentiousness i nā kūlana paʻa;
  • ke olakino maikaʻi loa;
  • ka hiki ke kūpaʻa maʻalahi i nā wela kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻole o nā hopena;
  • ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻolohe.

ʻOiai ʻo ka mālama pono ʻole o nā holoholona a ʻaʻohe koi kūikawā e pono ai no kā lākou mālama ʻana, pono lākou i ka mālama aloha a me ka mālama. ʻAʻole ʻae nā holoholona i ka mālama ʻole, mediocre a me ka hana hoʻomāinoino. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e lawe i nā holoholona no ka mālama ʻana mai ka wā ʻōpio. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻomaka i nā miula hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hana i ka hoʻoikaika kino i ka makahiki o 3-3.5 mau makahiki. Ma loko o hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa, e lilo lākou i mea ikaika a mākaukau hoʻi e hana i ka hana nui.

Hoʻohana ākea nā mule i mea komo i nā hoʻokūkū haʻuki. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻano hoʻokūkū like ʻole me ko lākou komo ʻana: nā lāhui hoʻokahi, i nā holo, a pēlā aku. ʻO ka haʻuki wale nō i hiki ʻole i nā miula ke haku ʻo ia ka holo ʻana o ka ālai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lele ʻana ma luna o nā ālaina kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i ka papaʻai o nā kānaka nui ke komo i 10 kilogram mauʻu o ka mauʻu, nā mea kanu, a me kahi hānai kaulike. Paipai ʻia ʻo Oats no nā holoholona makua i kēlā me kēia manawa.

I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka miula a me ka hinnie. E nānā pehea e hānau ai kēia mau holoholona paʻakikī.

ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou

Kiʻi: Mule Cub

ʻO ka hemahema nui a koʻikoʻi hoʻi o nā miula ʻo ka sterility. Hāpai ʻia lākou i ka hele ʻana i nā hoki a me nā lio. ʻO nā kāne āpau, me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia, hānau kūpala ʻia. ʻAʻole hiki i nā wahine ke hānau ma kahi o 80-85%. Ua wehewehe nā Zoologists i nā hihia i ka wā i hele aʻe nā miula wahine me nā hoki kāne. Ua wehewehe pū kekahi nā kānaka ʻepekema i kahi hihia i ka wā e hānau ai ka miula wahine ma hope o ka hānau ʻana me ka hoki i keiki keiki hiki ke ola. Ua hana ʻia kēia ma Kina.

ʻO ka hiki ʻole o ka hānau ʻana a me ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki ke wehewehe ʻia e kekahi ʻano chromosome. I ka huina, he 15 mau hihia ka mōʻaukala o ka noho ʻana o nā holoholona i ka wā i hānau ai nā wahine i nā keiki.

ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema hiki i nā miula wahine ke lilo i mau mākua a lawe maikaʻi a hānau keiki. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia kūlana e loaʻa nā keiki mai nā kānaka o nā ʻano waiwai nui.

Ma muli o ke kuʻuna o nā kāne a pau mai ka hānau ʻana, hānai ʻia lākou i ka makahiki ʻelua. ʻAʻole koi ka hāpai ʻana i nā dummies hānau hou i kekahi ʻike kūikawā a me nā mākau. Kūlike nā lula no ka mālama ʻana i nā keiki hānau hou i nā mea no nā keiki hake. Eia nō naʻe, aia hoʻokahi ana. Hoʻomaopopo loa nā pahu i nā mahana haʻahaʻa. No laila, i mea e kāpae ai i nā maʻi like ʻole, pono e mālama i kahi mahana kūpono.

I ke kau anuanu, pono lākou e mālama i nā pā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. I ka manawa like, hāʻawi ʻole ʻia ma mua o 3-3.5 mau hola i ka lā no ka hele wāwae i kahi ākea. I ke kauwela, i ke kau mahana, pono i nā keiki e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa ma nā wahi hānai. Pono e mālama ʻia ka hāpai ʻana a me ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā holoholona mai ka wā ʻōpio. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā miula he 30-40 mau makahiki. Me ka mālama pono, hiki ke hoʻonui i ke ola i 50-60 mau makahiki.

ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā miula

Kiʻi: mule

ʻAʻole noho nā mule i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e lilo i mea o ka huli holoholona no nā mea ʻaihue. He ikaika palekana ko nā holoholona, ​​no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā maʻi āpau. Eia nō naʻe, eia nō kekahi mau pilikia. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o achondroplasia, ulu kekahi mau ʻano hoʻololi o nā holoholona hānau hou. ʻO nā hōʻailona o nā pathology kahi muʻu pōkole, nā lālā liʻiliʻi a me ka nui o ke kino i ka nui.

ʻAneʻane ʻeha ʻole nā ​​holoholona i nā pathologies o ka gastrointestinal tract, nā maʻi o nā lālā, nā ʻāpau, a me nā maʻi hana.

Ma ka hoʻohui i ka achondroplasia, ʻeha nā holoholona i nā ʻano maʻi aʻe:

  • maʻi hānau. ʻO ka causative agents o kēia pathology he trypanosome. ʻO nā hōʻailona o kēia maʻi ke ʻano o nā plake ma ke kino, hoʻopaʻa ʻia o nā genital. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, kū ka palu o ke kua o ke kumu;
  • glanders. ʻO kahi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā bacteria ponoʻī. Inā ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻohe lapaʻau e mālama ʻia. Hoʻopili ʻia nā holoholona no ka weliweli nui i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe;
  • lymphangitis epizootic. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi e cryptococcus.

Me ka papaʻai kaulike ʻole, ʻeha nā holoholona i nā hemahema o ka huaora, ma muli o ka hopena e emi ai ka maikaʻi, a hāʻule paha ka lauoho.

Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano

Kiʻi: miula i ka hoʻoilo

Hānai ʻia nā miula ma nā ʻāina like ʻole o ʻEulopa, ʻAsia, ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema, ʻApelika. I nā makahiki kanaono o kēia kenekulia, ʻo ka nui o nā miula ma kahi o 13 miliona mau kānaka. I nā makahiki he ʻumi, ua ulu ia e kekahi 1000,000. I kēia lā, ʻo ka heluna kanaka kokoke he 16,000,000 kanaka.

I kēia lā, ʻaʻole koi nui nā holoholona, ​​no ka mea, ma nā ʻāina he nui ua hoʻololi ʻia ka mana o nā holoholona e nā ʻōnaehana automated a me nā kaʻa. I kēia mau lā, i ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole lākou i hānai ʻia no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hana, akā no ke komo ʻana i nā hoʻokūkū haʻuki. Ma ʻAmelika, makemake nui ʻia e hānai holoholona i nā mahiʻai pilikino e like me nā mea kōkua hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia. Uku nā holoholona i ka mālama a ko lākou haku iā ia me ka hoʻolaʻa piha a me ka hoʻolohe. ʻAʻole lākou makaʻu i nā leo nui, ʻike ʻia lākou e ka hoʻomanawanui a me ka mālie.

Mule He holoholona mālie, lokomaikaʻi a hana nui hoʻi ia. Hāʻawi ʻia lākou e ke kūlohelohe me ka pale ikaika. ʻO ke kanaka e lilo i ka mea nāna ka hoki e hoʻomanawanui a mālama hoʻi. I kēia hihia, e hoʻi hou ka holoholona, ​​hoʻohaʻahaʻa a me ke aloha. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine nā mea nona ka capriciousness, makemake ʻole e hoʻolohe i nā noi a me nā makemake o ka mea nona. ʻAʻole hōʻike kēia ʻano i ka paʻakikī o ka miula, akā e pili ana i ka hana hewa a hewa ʻole o ka mea nāna ka mea e pili ana i ka holoholona. I kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo hou i kāu lawena a me nā hana o ka lawelawe ʻana i ka miula.

Ka lā paʻi: 22.07.2019

Lā hou: 09/29/2019 ma 18:35

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