Honu manu manu (Macroclemys temminckii) nā lunamakaʻāinana wale nō o ka genos Macroclemys. Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano honu wai nui nui loa, no ka mea hiki i ke kaumaha o ke kanaka makua ke hōʻea i 80 kg. He helehelena hoʻoweliweli kā kēia mau kuhukukū. ʻO ko lākou carapace ke nānā aku e like me ka carapace o kekahi moʻo kahiko. Ua loaʻa ka honu i kona inoa mai ka manu manu manu ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo me kēia manu he ʻano nuku ko lākou ʻano. Hoʻoikaika nui nā manu kuhukukū, nahu ikaika a weliweli loa i nā predators.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: honu manu manu
No ka ʻohana honu pelekane ka honu a i ʻole ka lele. Manu kuhukukū Vus ʻO ka nīnau no ke kumu o nā kuhukukū ke waiho nei i ka hoʻoponopono ʻole. Manaʻo kekahi ʻepekema ua ulu nā kuhukukū mai nā cotylosaurs o nā mea kolo i noho i ka wā Permian o ka wā Paleozoic, ʻo ia hoʻi mai nā ʻano Eunotosaurus (Eunosaurs), he mau holoholona liʻiliʻi kēia e like me nā moʻo me nā iwi ʻaoʻao ākea i hana i kahi pale dorsal.
Wahi a kekahi manaʻo, ua iho ka poʻe ʻepekema i nā kuhukukū mai kahi hui liʻiliʻi o nā mea kolo i nā keiki o ka amphibians discosauris. Wahi a nā noiʻi hou, ua hoʻokumu ʻia he mau diapids nā kuhukukū me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o nā puka aniani kūlohelohe a he hui pili e pili ana i nā archosaurs.
Video: honu manu manu
ʻO ka honu mua i ka mōʻaukala i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa i ka ʻepekema e noho ana ma ka honua ma kahi o 220 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei i ka wā Triassic o ka wā Mesozoic. ʻOkoʻa loa ka honu kahiko mai ka honu o kēia manawa, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa wale nō o ka pūpū, he niho ko ka honu i kona waha. ʻO ka honu aʻe, ʻo Proganochelys quenstedti, ka mea i noho i ka wā Triassic ma kahi o 210 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua like ia me nā honu o kēia manawa, ua loaʻa kahi pūpū piha, akā naʻe, he niho kona i kona waha. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia kahi helu nui o nā ʻano fossil. Aia ma waena o lākou ka honu nui loa o ka lāuna Meiolania, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka iwi he 2.5 mika. I kēia lā aia he mau ʻohana honu he 12 a hoʻopaʻa ikaika ʻia lākou.
ʻO Macroclemys temminckii He like loa ka honu aligator me ka honu nahu, akā ʻokoʻa kēia ʻano, he maka ko ka honu manu i nā ʻaoʻao. Eia kekahi, he nuku hou aʻe ko kēia ʻano a me nā helu o nā supra-marginal scutes, aia ma waena o nā scutes marginal a me lateral. Serrated ikaika ka iwi hope o ka honu.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Turtle Alligator
ʻO ka honu manu kuhukukū ka honu ʻāina nui loa. ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi honu makua mai 60 a 90 kg, eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau honu ke kaumaha a hiki i 110 kg. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne o kēia ʻano honu ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 1.5 mau mika. Ākea, poepoe, a aia he ʻekolu puʻu kani kani o nā kuhukukū e waiho nei ma ka pūpū. ʻO ka nui o ka carapace ma kahi o 70-80 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻEleʻele ka carapace.
Ma luna o ke poʻo o ka honu i uhi ʻia me nā pale kaua. Aia nā maka o ka honu ma nā ʻaoʻao. Nui a poʻo kaumaha ke poʻo i ke poʻo aia he kakalaioa a he kūpono ʻole. Kūlou ikaika ka iwi ā luna o ka honu i lalo, e like me ka nuku o ka manu. He ʻāʻī ikaika a muscular ka honu me nā kualono a me nā warts like ʻole. Ikaika ka mānoanoa a mānoanoa. I ka waha he alelo ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. ʻAʻole uhi iki kahi hulu melemele i ke kino o ka honu.
Loaʻa i ka huelo lōʻihi he 3 lālani o nā ulu i luna a me kekahi mau ulu liʻiliʻi ma ka lalo. Ma nā wāwae o ka honu he mau membrane lahilahi ma waena o nā manamana wāwae; he māiʻu ʻoi nā manamana wāwae. Ma luna o ka iwi o ka honu, ʻākoakoa pinepine ʻia kahi pāka o ka limu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, kōkua ia i ka mea hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia. Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ka honu manuā he ate lōʻihi no ka mea ma ka hihiu e ola ana ka honu ma kahi o 50-70 mau makahiki. ʻOiai he mau kenekulia maoli kekahi ma waena o kēia ʻano honu, i noho no 120-150 mau makahiki.
Mea hoihoi: he lako hou kā ka honu manu kuhū - he wai ʻaʻala ʻaʻala i loko o nā ʻūnū anal, ke ʻike ka honu i ka weliweli, ʻaʻole hiki ke nahu aku i kahi kanaka, akā hāmama wale kona waha a kuha aku i ka wai mai nā ʻūlū anal, no laila ke aʻo nei ia i ka pilikia.
Ma hea e noho ai ka manu kuhukukū?
Kiʻi: honu manu i USA
ʻO ka ʻāina hānau o ka honu manuā ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO kēia ka mokuʻāina ʻo ʻIlino, Kansas, Iowa, ma aneʻi ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano honu. Noho ʻo nā honu ma ke kahawai ʻo Misisipi a me nā kahawai ʻē aʻe e kahe ana i loko o ke awāwa ʻo Mekiko. A noho nō hoʻi i nā loko, nā kahawai a me nā auwai o North Florida. Noho lākou i nā wai o Texas a me Georgia.
ʻOiai manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano honu he honu ʻāina, hoʻonui ka honu i nā manawa i loko o ka wai, a puka lākou i ka ʻāina wale nō i loaʻa nā keiki. No ke ola, koho lākou i nā waihona wai mehana me nā mea kanu momona a me ka lepo lepo. He mea nui ia no nā kuhukukū o kēia ʻano aia aia kahi lepo o ka lepo me kahi wai lepo ma loko o ka waihona. Kanu nā honu iā lākou iho i ka silt i ka wā e ʻimi holoholona ana.
I ke kūlohelohe, paʻakikī loa nā kuhukukū o kēia laha e ʻike; alakaʻi lākou i kahi nohona i ana ʻia e ʻaneʻane mau i lalo o ka wai. Hele nā manu kuhukukū Alligator ma ka ʻāina wale nō e kūkulu i kahi pūnana a waiho i nā hua. Koho ʻia nā wahi ʻokoʻa loa no ka pūnana, hiki iā ia ke kūkulu i kahi pūnana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke ala a i ʻole ma ka waena o ke kahakai.
I ka wā o ka pūnana, hoʻāʻo ka honu i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻonohonoho i ka lālau ma kahi like i hana ʻia ai i ka makahiki i hala, i kekahi manawa e noʻonoʻo ia i kēlā me kēia kenimika. Koho nā honu ʻōpio i nā wahi me ke kahe lohi a me ka wai hoʻomehana maikaʻi, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke peʻe. I kekahi manawa hiki i nā honu o kēia ʻano neʻe ke neʻe i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, eia naʻe, no ka palekana o ka poʻe, ʻo ka mea mua, hoʻihoʻi ʻia lākou i ko lākou wahi noho maʻamau.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka honu manu lele. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka meaʻai a ka manu kuhukukū?
Kiʻi: ʻAiwi. a i ʻole ka honu alligator
ʻO ka papaʻai nui o ka honu manu pū kekahi:
- iʻa o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole;
- ilo:
- crayfish, molluscs;
- ʻōpae;
- ʻula a me ka ʻula;
- nā rana a me nā amphibians ʻē aʻe;
- nahesa;
- manu kuhukukū liʻiliʻi;
- limu, plankton.
ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o ka papaʻai ka iʻa, aia ma luna ona e ʻimi pinepine ʻia ai ka holoholona. He mea weliweli weliweli ka honu e hopu nei i ka honu; he mau auwae ikaika kona kahi e haehae ai i nā mea pio a me nā māiʻuʻu mana. Hiki i ka honu ke lawelawe maʻalahi i nā pio nui. I ka wā o ka hahai holoholona, burrows ka mea hoʻopunipuni maʻalea i ka silt i mea e ʻike ʻole ʻia. Ke waiho wale nei ka honu ma laila me ka ʻoniʻoni ʻole a hiki i ka ʻau ʻana o ka mea pio iā ia. I ka manawa like, lele ʻo ia i kona alelo lahilahi like me ka ilo. ʻO kahi iʻa i manaʻo ʻole ʻia, e ʻike nei i kahi ʻenuhe ʻulaʻula e wili ana ma lalo, ʻau aku iā ia. ʻO ka honu, e waiho ana i ka mea pio e kokoke iā ia iho, e hāmaha mālie i kona waha a ʻai iā ia.
Ma waho aʻe o ka iʻa, hiki i ka honu manu kuhū ke ʻai i nā rana a me nā amphibians. ʻO ka pinepine, aia kekahi mau hihia o ka cannibalism, ke lele aku nā kuhukukū o kēia ʻano i nā honu liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke hopu i ka nahesa a ʻai iā ia. A ʻai pū ka honu i nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā limu, nā mollusc liʻiliʻi, nā crustacea. Hiki i nā honu makua ke hei i ka moa.
Mea hoihoi: I ka wā o ka ʻimi holoholona, hiki i ka honu manu lele ke moe i lalo o ka wai me ka neʻe ʻole o 40 mau minuke.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: honu manu manu mai ka puke ʻula
Makemake nā honu Alligator i kahi nohona malū. Hūnā ka mea kolo ʻoluʻolu loa i hūnā ʻia i loko o ka mānoanoa o ka wai lepo ma waena o nā mea kanu o nā lālā. I ka wai, mālie ka honu a lele wale i ka wā e ʻimi holoholona ana, a i ʻole ke ʻike ʻia ka weliweli. Noho ka honu i ka hapa nui o ka manawa ma lalo o ka wai, akā naʻe, pono e ʻau i ka papa i kēlā me kēia 30-50 mau minuke i mea e lawe ai i ka lewa, no laila ke hoʻāʻo nei ka mea kolo e noho i loko o nā kino wai pāpaʻu. Hoʻomaka ka honu e hana ʻino loa inā hoʻāʻo ʻoe e hemo ia mai kāna wahi maʻamau, a laila e hoʻomaka ka honu e pale iā ia iho a hiki ke nahu ikaika. ʻAʻole makemake nā honu i ka poʻe, akā hoʻomanawanui lākou i ke kanaka inā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopā iā ia.
Mea hoihoi: Mahalo i nā auwaha mana, weliweli loa ka nahu o kēia honu. ʻO ka ikaika nahu he 70 kg no hoʻokahi kenimika. Hiki i ka honu ke nahu i ka manamana o ke kanaka i hoʻokahi neʻe, no laila e aho e hoʻopā ʻole i ka mea kolo. Inā pono e huki ʻia ka honu, hiki i kēia ke hana wale ʻia e ka hope o ka pūpū.
Moemoe kekahi poʻe aloha honu no ia ʻano holoholona, akā ma ka ʻaneʻane o nā mokuʻāina āpau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ua pāpā ʻia ka mālama ʻana i kēia ʻano honu ma ka home, no ka mea hiki ke makaʻu loa. I ke kūlohelohe, weliweli a hihiu kūpilikiʻi nā kuhukukū, ʻike ʻole ʻia lākou i nā manawa maʻamau, akā he hoʻopunipuni loa lākou. Hoʻonohonoho ʻole ʻia ka nohona kaiāulu. Makemake nā honu o kēia laha e noho mehameha, e hui wale ana i ka wā moena. ʻO ka ʻohana a me nā manaʻo makua ʻaʻole hoʻomohala ʻia, akā ʻo ka wahine he ʻano hānau hānau kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole mālama ka makua i kā lākou keiki, akā naʻe, hiki i nā honu liʻiliʻi ke kiʻi i meaʻai na lākou mai ka lā mua o ke ola.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: honu manu manu
Hiki i nā manu kuhukukū ke oʻo makua i ka makahiki 13. Aia ka moena i nā kuhukukū ma kahi waihona wai kokoke i ke kahakai. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, hele ka wahine i uka no ka manawa mua i kona ola i mea e waiho hua. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i 15 a 40 mau hua i ka manawa. ʻ .pala nā hua o nā manu kuhukukū.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: he maikaʻi loa nā hiki i nā honu ke hoʻokele, alakaʻi ʻia lākou e ka māpuna magnet o ka honua a hiki ke loaʻa kahi i hānau ʻia ai lākou, a kahi a ka wahine i hoʻomoe ai i nā hua i ka manawa hope loa i nā kenimika kokoke.
Hiki i ka honu ke hana i kahi pūnana ma kahi maʻamau ʻole, ma ka waena o ke kahakai, kokoke i ke ala, akā i ka manawa like aia mau ka masonry ma kahi mamao o 50 mau mika mai ka wai. Hana ʻia kēia i ʻole e luku ka wai i ka pūnana i ka wā o ke kai kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻokumu ka wahine i ka paʻa lima kūʻokoʻa. Me kona mau wāwae hope, huki ka honu i puka conical i ke one, kahi e waiho ai kāna mau hua. Ma hope o kāna kanu ʻana i nā hua me ke one, ke hoʻāʻo nei e uhi maka i ka lāʻī e like me ka hiki. Ma hope o ke kau ʻana o ka honu i kāna mau hua, hoʻi i ka wai. ʻAʻole mālama nā mākua i kā lākou pua. Pili ka moekolohe o ka honu pēpē i nā kūlana i loaʻa ai nā hua i loko o ka wā incubation. Hānau ʻia nā ʻōpala ma hope o 100 mau lā, ka hatching o nā honu mai nā hua manu i ka hāʻule.
Pākuʻi liʻiliʻi nā honu i ka honua, ʻo ka nui o ka honu hānau hou he 5-7 wale nō cm. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kala o nā honu hānau hou. Kipaku ʻia e ka instinct, kolo nā manu kuhukukū liʻiliʻi ma ke one i ka wai. ʻOiai he mea liʻiliʻi loa, hiki iā lākou ke kiʻi i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī ma ka hānai ʻana i nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi, plankton, iʻa a me nā crustacean. ʻAʻole hui hou nā honu me ko lākou mau mākua, akā hoʻi nā wahine i 13-15 mau makahiki i mea e hoʻonohonoho ai i ko lākou pūnana ma kahi like i hānau ʻia ai lākou.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā manu kuhukukū
Kiʻi: honu manu lele i ke kūlohelohe
Ma muli o ka nui a ʻano makaʻu hoʻi, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi o nā honu makua o kēia ʻano. Eia naʻe, make pinepine nā kuhukukū liʻiliʻi no ka mea ʻai ʻia lākou e nā mea ʻino nui.
Hoʻopau pinepine ʻia nā pūnana e nā mea ʻaihue e like me:
- raccoons;
- coyotes;
- ʻīlio
I ka hōʻea ʻana i ka waihona wai, holo ka honu liʻiliʻi i ka ʻai ʻia e nā honu ʻē aʻe, a me ko lākou mau mākua ponoʻī paha. No laila, hoʻāʻo insta ka honu liʻiliʻi e hūnā i nā mānoanoa o ka mauʻu. Akā ʻo ka ʻenemi weliweli loa o nā manu kuhukukū a noho kāne wale nō. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he ʻono kūikawā ka ʻi manu kuhukū a hana ʻia ka honu honu mai ia mea. A ʻo ka pūpū honu ikaika hoʻi, pipiʻi loa ia ma ka mākeke ʻeleʻele, mahalo nui ʻia. Weliweli loa ka hopu ʻana i kēia ʻano honu, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kū ka waha o kā lākou waha weliweli i nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona. ʻOiai ka pāpā o ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i kēia mau mea kolo, hopu mau ʻia nā kuhukukū.
I kēlā me kēia makahiki e emi a emi iho paha kēia mau mea kupaianaha. Ua helu ʻia ʻo Macroclemys temminckii i kēia manawa i ka Red Book a he kūlana ko ka lāʻano palupalu. I nā wahi i kū mua ai nā honu o kēia laha, he kakaikahi wale nō o lākou i koe. E mālama i nā laha, hānai ʻia nā honu i nā zoo a me nā mālama kūlohelohe.
Ka mālama ʻana i nā manu kuhukukū
Kiʻi: honu manu manu mai ka puke ʻula
I nā wahi maoli o kēia ʻano honu, i kēlā me kēia makahiki e emi a emi iho lākou. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Macroclemys temminckii pale maikaʻi loa ʻia e ke ʻano kūlohelohe a ʻaʻohe ona ʻenemi kūlohelohe, ke emi wikiwiki nei ko lākou heluna kanaka. I kēia lā, hoʻopau koke ʻia nā honu manu e nā kānaka, no ka mea wale nō kaʻiʻo o kēia mau mea kolo i manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻono. I mea e pale aku ai i nā kuhukukū ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻolauna ʻia kahi pāpā no ka hopu holoholona ʻana, ma nā honu manu, eia nō naʻe, ʻimi pinepine nā mea ʻai holoholona iā lākou.
I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka heluna kanaka, hānai ʻia nā honu o kēia ʻano i ka pio. Ma nā kapa o ka muliwai ʻo Misisipi, ua hana ʻia nā pāka aupuni a me nā mālama ʻāina, pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona a pale ʻia nā holoholona āpau. ʻO kēia nā wahi e like me Effeji Mounds National Park, Lask Krilk, kahi mālama nui, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka muliwai ʻo Misisipi, kahi mālama kūlohelohe i ka Delta a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. Eia kekahi, ola manu kuhukukū manuā a hānai maikaʻi i ka mālama kūlohelohe o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Kikako.
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma nā wahi noho o kēia mau honu ua pāpā ʻia ka mālama ʻana iā lākou i ka home, i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka honua he nui nā mea aloha i kēia mau mea kolo me he holoholona lā. I kēia manawa, pāpā ʻia ke kūʻai aku aku i nā kuhukukū a hiki no ka hānai ʻana o ka home, ʻoiai he kakaikahi wale nō o lākou i koe.
Honu manu manu holoholona kupaianaha maoli. ʻIke lākou e like me nā dinosaur maoli, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana hou i kā lākou ala o ka hahai holoholona ʻana e kekahi o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, no ka mea hopu lākou i ko lākou alelo. No nā makahiki he nui i noho kēia ʻano ma kā mākou honua, no laila e hana kākou i mea e ʻike ai kēlā poʻe e noho ana i ka honua i kēia mau mea kupaianaha. Palekana i ke kaiapuni.
Lā paʻi: 15.07.2019
Lā hou: 25.09.2019 ma 20:21
