ʻO Barguzin ʻO ia kahi holoholona momona o ka ʻohana marten i loaʻa ma nā ululāʻau o ʻAkau ʻAkau, mahalo nui ʻia no kona hulu lahilahi. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka huluhulu mai ka pouli loa a i ka brown brown. ʻO kaʻeleʻele o kaʻili o kaʻili, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ke kumu kūʻai ma nā kūʻai manu. ʻO ka inoa ʻo Barguzin sable he aʻa Slavic a ua aʻa i loko o nā ʻōlelo he nui o ʻEulopa, ma muli paha o ke kālepa huluhulu i ka wā mua o ke au waena. No laila, lilo ka sable Lūkini (sobol) i Kelemania Zobel, Pukiki zibelina, Palani zibeline, Finnish soopeli, Dutch Sabel, etc.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Barguzin
Ua wehewehe ʻo Karl von Linne i ka Barguzin i ka makahiki 1758 i loko o ka puke "Nature" ma lalo o ka inoa Mustela zibellina. ʻO Sergei Ognev i ka makahiki 1925. ʻO ka barguzin Martes zibellina e like me ka pine marten (M. martes), ka marten ʻAmelika (M. americana) a me ka marten Japanese (M. melampus). Eia nō naʻe, he pōkole kona huelo a ʻeleʻele hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka ʻōlinolino a me ka ʻili silky.
Video: Barguzin
ʻO ia ka M. zibellina sable i hui pū ʻia me M. melampus ma ke ʻano he subspecies, akā ua hoʻokūpaʻa nā noiʻi moʻokalaleo hou i ke kūlana o ʻelua mau ʻano kaʻawale no ka barguzin a me ka marten Iapana.
ʻIke hoihoi: Loaʻa nā barguzins nui loa ma Kamchatka, nā mea kaulike ma Altai a me nā Ural, a ʻo nā mea liʻiliʻi e noho ana ma nā moku ʻo Ussuri a me Amur ma ka Hikina hikina o Rūsia a ma Hokkaido i Iapana. Ua koho lākou i nā wahi kokoke i Lake Baikal, Yakutia a me Amur, kahi e ʻeleʻele loa ai ko lākou kala. Akā i loko o ka Trans-Urals he mau ʻōlinolino o nā sable.
Ua hoʻāʻo nā ʻepekema he nui e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia ʻano i nā subspecies. Mai ka ʻelua a i ke kanakolukumamāhā paha inoa inoa hiki ke kapa ʻia. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hana hoʻokaʻawale e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻoneʻe pinepine ʻia ka sable i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohui ʻia, he loli ka sable i hoʻokahi heluna kanaka a ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā lāhui barguzin ʻē aʻe.
Ua kūʻai aku nā ʻoihana huluhulu ma Lūkia ma mua o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni i nā ʻili 25,000 i kēlā me kēia makahiki a aneane ʻeiwa mau hapaʻumi o kēia mau mea i lawe ʻia aku i Kelemania a me Palani. Ua hopu ʻia ʻo Sables i nā pahele kila, a me nā mink a me nā martens. ʻO ka ʻimi lawaiʻa nui ʻana ma Lūkia i ka 19 a me ke kenekulia i hala he 20 mau kenekulia ka mea i emi iki ai ka nui o nā Barguzins, no laila i ka makahiki 1935 ua hoʻokō ʻia kahi pāpā no ʻelima mau makahiki i ka hopu holoholona ʻana, a ua ukali ʻia e nā kau kau i ka ʻimi holoholona. ʻO kēia mau ʻoka, i hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mahiʻai barguzin, ua ʻae i kēia ʻano e recolonize i ka hapa nui o kā lākou pae mua a loaʻa i nā heluna olakino.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Barguzin holoholona
Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka helehelena o Barguzins ma nā wahi ʻāina ʻokoʻa, ua loaʻa kekahi paio e pili ana i ka helu kikoʻī o nā subspecies i hiki ke ʻike akāka ʻia. I kēia lā, ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻumikūmāhiku ʻokoʻa, akā ua ʻike ʻia nā kumuwaiwai ʻepekema hou loa i nā ʻano like ʻole mai ka ʻehiku a ke kanakolu.
ʻO ke kino o ka Barguzin, e like me nā martens he nui, ʻike ʻia e kahi kino elongated, lahilahi a me nā lālā pōkole. Morphologically, like ka Barguzin me ka pine marten, akā ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka huelo pōkole, a silky a palupalu ka hulu.
ʻO ke kala o kaʻahuʻula mai kaʻeleʻele māmā i kaʻeleʻele. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ke poʻo ma mua o ke kino. I kekahi manawa aia nā lauoho keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo ʻokoʻa i ka ʻahu. I kēia hihia, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka hulu o kēlā me kēia hulu i ka ventrally a ʻeleʻele hoʻi i ka hope a me nā wāwae. I kekahi mau kānaka, ʻike ʻia ka hulu māmā ma ka ʻāʻī, i hiki ke hina, keʻokeʻo a melemele paha. ʻO nā kapa komo hoʻoilo he lōʻihi loa a silky hoʻi, ʻoiai i ke kauwela ua pōkole, coarser a ʻeleʻele hoʻi. Hana ʻia ʻo Molting mai Malaki a Mei, a mai ʻAukake a Nowemapa.
Hōʻike ʻo M. zibellina i ka dimorphism moekolohe ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine. Hiki i nā Sables ke lōʻihi o ke kino o 32 a 53 cm (kāne) a i ʻole 30 a 48 cm (wahine). Ka huelo bushy mai 30.5 a 46 cm ka lōʻihi. Ma ka awelika, ʻo 9% ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ke kaupaona o nā kāne mai 1150 a 1850 gram, o nā wahine mai 650 a 1600 gram. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻonui ke kaumaha ma 7-10%.
Ma hea e noho ai ʻo Barguzin?
Kiʻi: Barguzin ma Lūkia
Loaʻa ka sabgu Barguzin ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻAsia, ke uhi ʻia kona wahi o ka ʻāina mai Scandinavia a i ka ʻākau o Kina. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole lōʻihi ka wahi o ka holoholona i ke komohana, akā aia nō ia ma Siberia a me ka ʻākau o Kina.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ma Rūsia, pili ka hoʻolaha ʻana o barguzin me ka hoʻolauna pinepine ʻana o 19,000 mau holoholona i ke kaiapuni mai 1940 a 1965.
Ua uhi ka ʻāpana hoʻokaʻawale kumu o Barguzin i ka hapa nui o ka ʻākau o Eurasia, a ua hui pū ʻia me Scandinavia. I kekahi mau wahi o kā lākou puʻunaue ʻana, ua nalowale lākou; no laila, i kēia lā ʻaʻole lākou e noho komohana o nā mauna Ural.
ʻO nā ʻāpana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana me:
- Lūkia: ʻaneʻane ʻo Siberia a pau ma ka hikina o ka Ural, me Sakhalin;
- Kazakhstan: ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau hikina loa ma ke kahawai ʻo Bukhtarma a me Uba;
- Kina: ka ʻāpana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻekolu mau ʻāpana kaawale: ma ka lihi o Altai ma Xinjiang, ma nā Kuahiwi ʻo Khingan Nui, a ʻo ia nō paha, ma nā mauna ʻo Khingan Lesser, ma nā kuahiwi ʻo Changbai;
- Mongolia: ma Altai a ma nā ululāʻau;
- Kōlea ʻĀkau: ma nā mauna Changbai a ma ka hema o nā kuahiwi;
- Iapana: ma ka mokupuni ʻo Hokkaido.
ʻO ka mahele komohana o Barguzin e hoʻopuni ana i nā mauna Ural, kahi a lākou e aloha pū ai me nā martens pine ʻulaʻula. Makemake kēia ʻano i nā ululāʻau Taiga nui, ma nā pāpū a me nā wahi mauna o ʻAkau ʻĀkau. Loaʻa ʻo Barguzin M. zibellina i ka ulu lāʻau spruce a me nā kedera o Siberia Hikina, a me nā ulu lāʻau lime a me nā pine o Siberia. Ke pale wale nei ʻo ia i nā piko kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe loa o ka pā. ʻO ka lahaʻano terrestrial a me nā lua ma ka papahele nahele.
He aha ka mea a Barguzin e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: ʻo Barguzin i ke kūlohelohe
Kūleʻa ka papaʻai a Barguzin i ka wā. ʻAi nui lākou i nāʻiole ʻiʻo, chipmunks, squirrels, hua manu, nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā iʻa hoʻi. Hiki i nā holoholona ke ʻai i nā hua, nā hua paina a me nā mea kanu ke loaʻa ʻole nā kumu waiwai nui. I nā kūlana ʻino nui, mālama ka hale kūʻai o M. zibellina barguzin i kāna waiwai i loko o kona lua e kākoʻo iā ia a hiki i ka wā e ʻimi hou ai. Alualu nā holoholona i ka ermine, ka manu a me nā wea liʻiliʻi.
I kekahi manawa ukali nā barguzins i ka wāwae o nā ʻīlio hae a i ʻole nā bea a hānai i nā koena o kā lākou ʻahaʻaina. Hiki i ka holoholona ke hānai i nā iʻa pū, e like me nā slug, ka mea a lākou e ʻānai ai ma ka honua e hemo ai ka mucus. ʻAi ʻo Sables i ka iʻa i hopu ʻia me kā lākou mau wāwae mua. ʻO ka hapa nui o kā lākou meaʻai nā rodents liʻiliʻi. Ma Siberia, ʻoi aku nā ʻiole ma mua o 50% o ka pae o nā meaʻai o sable. I ka hoʻoilo, ke pale lākou mai ka hau a me ka hau, ʻai pinepine lākou i nā hua ulu ulu.
Hiki i nā māmela ʻē aʻe ma ka papa kuhikuhi ke hoʻopili:
- nā polokina;
- pikas;
- muskrat;
- marmots;
- nā hare;
- dia musk liʻiliʻi (musk deer).
Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka meaʻai holoholona i nā manu, nā iʻa a me nā kolo. Hoʻohui ʻia, palu ka holoholona i ka meli mai nā pūnana pi. ʻO nā mea kanu kahi ʻāpana nui o kā lākou meaʻai. Ma waenakonu o ka Yenisei, ua ʻike ʻia ka hānai o ka sable kūloko ma 20% o nā hua paina a me nā blueberry. Huli ka nui o nā Barguzins i ke kani a me ka pilau, a lohe nui lākou i ka lohe. Kaha lākou i ko lākou panalāʻau me kahi ʻala i hua ʻia e nā gland i ko lākou ʻōpū.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe pehea e hānai ai iā Barguzin. E nānā pehea e noho ai i ka nāhelehele.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Barguzin i ka hoʻoilo
Hele nui ka Sables ma ka honua, akā hiki ke piʻi maikaʻi. Hana lākou i nā pūnana ma ko lākou panalāʻau e kokoke ana i nā kapa muliwai a me nā wahi momona o ka nahele, ʻo ka hapa nui i nā kumu lāʻau hollow, i nā ʻāpana a i ʻole ma lalo o nā aʻa lāʻau, ua pālahalaha ʻia me nā mea kanu maloʻo a lauoho paha. Hana ʻia kēia mau lua i kahi palekana i hiki.
ʻO ka panalāʻau o Barguzin mai 4 a 30 km². Aia ka nui i ka nohona a no laila i ka meaʻai kūpono, a me ka makahiki o ka holoholona. I kēlā me kēia lā holo ka sable i 6.5-12 km i loko o kona wahi. I nā kūlana kūikawā, 30 km paha ka mamao, akā ua ʻike ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o 300 km.
Hana nui ʻo Sable i ke ahiahi, akā hiki iā ia ke neʻe i ka pō, akā liʻiliʻi i ka lā. I ke anuanu loa, hoʻolilo pinepine lākou i mau lā i ko lākou punana. Ke neʻe nei i mua ma muli o nā lele liʻiliʻi me ka laulā o 40 a 70 cm. Ma ke kumumanaʻo, hiki i kahi sable ke lele i 4 m ākea. Kākoʻo maikaʻi ʻia kā lākou lua, uhi ʻia me ka mauʻu a me ka hulu, akā hiki ke lilo i kahi manawa, keu hoʻi i ka hoʻoilo, ke hele ka holoholona e ʻimi i kahi pio ma ka nui. mamao.
ʻIke hoihoi: ʻO ke ʻano o ka makahiki o nā laha, i hoʻoholo ʻia e ke ʻano kūpuna, penei: nā keiki liʻiliʻi 62.7%; makahiki he 12.5%; 2-4 mau makahiki - 2.7-5.5%; 5-7 mau makahiki - 1.5-3.7%, nā holoholona 8 mau makahiki a keu aku - 0.4-1.7% i nā Ural a me 75.6%, 5.7%, 2.7-4.9%, 0.8-2.5% a me 0.2-1.4%, ma ke komohana Sayan. ʻO ke ola ola makahiki o sables: 19.9% no nā ʻōpio, 44.0% no nā makahiki a me 75.9-7,79% o nā holoholona ma 2-9 mau makahiki i nā Ural a me 33.0%, 59.6% a me 49.3-75 , 8%, ma ke komohana Sayan.
Ma nā mahiʻai, ola nā barguzins a hiki i 18 mau makahiki, ʻoiai i ka nāhelehele, loaʻa i nā kānaka sable ka lōʻihi o ke ola o 9-10 mau makahiki; Kākaʻikahi loa nā barguzins kahiko. Ma kahi o ʻelua hapakolu o ka heluna sable hihi ma lalo o ʻelua mau makahiki.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Little Barguzin
ʻIke ʻia nā kāne, e kahakaha ana i ko lākou ʻāina, hana i nā ruts a i ʻole nā kaha liʻiliʻi i ka hau e pili ana i hoʻokahi mika ka lōʻihi, me ka urination pinepine. Hana ʻia ka male ma waena o Iune 15 a me ʻAukake 15, me ka lā ʻokoʻa e ka helu wahi. Ma nā wahi e ʻuʻuku ai kēlā me kēia kanaka, ʻo nā hana no ka hoʻāo ʻana e laʻa me ka jogging, ka lele ʻana, a me "nā kani popoki" ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā wahi e hoʻopili ai nā pae o nā kāne, hiki i ka hoʻokūkū wahine ke alakaʻi i nā kaua ikaika.
Ma hope o ka insemination, ʻaʻole hoʻokomo ʻia ka cell momona i loko o ka paia o ka wahine uterine. Hana ʻia ke kanu ʻana ma hope o ʻewalu mau mahina, a he 25-30 mau lā wale nō ka ulu ʻana o ka embryonic. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka manawa hana hānau he 250 a 300 mau lā. Loaʻa nā litters wahine mai 1 a i 7 mau pups, akā ʻo nā litters liʻiliʻi o 2-3 mau mea ka mea maʻamau. I kekahi mau barguzins, mālama ʻia ka mālama makua kāne, ʻoiai pale nā kāne i ka ʻāina o nā wahine a hāʻawi pū i ka meaʻai i nā makuahine hānai a me kā lākou keiki.
Hānau ʻia nā barguzins hānau hou me ke kōkua ʻole, me nā maka paʻa a me ka lau lahilahi o ka lauoho. Kaupaona nā pēpē ma waena o 25 a 35 mau mākela a ma ka awelika 10 cm ka lōʻihi. Hāmama nā Barguzits i ko lākou mau maka ma waena o 30 a me 36 mau lā o ko lākou ola a haʻalele i ka pūnana ma hope koke iho. ʻEhiku mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ukuhi ʻia lākou a loaʻa ʻia nā meaʻai nāu mai kā lākou makuahine. Hiki i nā Barguzins ke kūlana moekolohe i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā Barguzins
Kiʻi: Barguzin
Ma waho aʻe o ka make kūlohelohe, hiki i nā barguzins ke hoʻouka ʻia e ʻewalu mau ʻano mammal a me ʻewalu mau ʻano manu. ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū o ka sable i kona wahi noho, he predators omnivorous a me carnivorous. Hiki i ka holoholona ke ʻeha mai ke kū mai o 34 mau ʻano helminths, 19 mau ʻano lele a ʻekolu mau ʻano mites gamasid, i wehewehe ʻia e like me nā parasites o ka sable.
Hoʻokomo pū nā mea ʻino nui o ka Barguzin i kekahi mau holoholona nui aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi:
- ʻīlio hae;
- ʻīlio hae;
- lynx;
- nā aeto;
- pueo;
- ʻalopeke;
- manu manu ʻino ʻē (falcon);
- tigers;
- pueo nui.
Hoʻolako ʻia nā Barguzins me nā māiʻu ʻoi loa a me nā niho ʻoi, i hiki ai iā lākou ke pale pono iā lākou iho i nā mea hōkai ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka predator weliweli loa ke kanaka, ʻoiai no nā kenekulia i manaʻo ʻia aia ka sable i kekahi o nā ʻili waiwai nui. Ua ʻike nui ʻia nā holoholona i ka wā ma mua o ke kenekulia 3 BC. No ka mahalo, ua hoʻouna ka poʻe Scythian i nā huluhulu nui i ka honua Helene ma o ka ʻĀleʻele.
Ma hope, ua lilo nā ʻili sable i hōʻailona kūlana, ʻo ia hoʻi ma Lūkia. Ua hoʻonani ʻia ka pāpale aliʻi o nā tsars Lūkini me ka hulu sable makamae a hiki i ka kenekulia 17. ʻO ka poʻe lanakila o Siberia e uku makana me nā ʻili sable. No laila, ma muli o ka nui o ka hopu holoholona, ua lilo ka sable i mea maʻamau i ka mua o ke kenekulia 20. ʻO nā kumukūʻai hiki ke hiki i ka makahiki 2010 he $ 167 no ka huluhulu sable a me $ 138 no ka hopu holoholona hihiu. ʻO ke kumu, hoʻolako ʻia nā ʻili mai nā holoholona i mahi ʻia i kēia manawa i ka mākeke.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Barguzin holoholona
No ka mahele o nā holoholona ka hopohopo liʻiliʻi ʻo Sable, ʻoiai e like me ka wanana mua, ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua miliona mau kānaka i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma Eurasia. I ka hapa nui o kāna laulā, ʻaʻohe makaʻu o ka hōʻole i ka nui, ʻoiai ke emi ʻana o kekahi mau ʻāina i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o kāna pae.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: I ka Soviet Union, pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana a me ka lawaiʻa ʻana no barguzin ma waena o 194 a me 1960, a ma ia manawa ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia he 20,000 sables mai nā mahiʻai a hiki i ka nāhelehele. Ua alakaʻi kēia mau ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i kēia lā ka lehulehu o nā barguzins i ka ʻāina i hoʻihoʻi piha i kāna pae mua, a manaʻo ʻo IUCN ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i kēia holoholona.
ʻO ke kumu nui i ka emi ʻana o nā helu ka hopu holoholona hoʻoilo. Eia nō naʻe, ma Rūsia, hoʻohana ʻia ka sable e like me nā ʻepekema e pili ana i ka ʻepekema, no laila ʻaʻole kēia hoʻā i mea hoʻoweliweli i kēia ʻano. Ua nalowale kekahi wahi nohona ma muli o ka hopena o ka nahele, kūkulu ʻia o nā kamaʻilio a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā māina hou, nā aila a me nā ʻaila.
Pale aku ʻo Barguzin i nā mālama kūlohelohe o ka mokuʻāina a me nā pāka aupuni. Ma waho o nā wahi i pale ʻia, hoʻomalu pololei ʻia ka ʻimi sable i Lūkia e ka ʻimi manu ʻana no kēlā me kēia wahi a kaupalena ʻia i ka manawa mai ʻOkakopa 15 a hiki i Pepeluali 29. ʻO nā wahi nui kahi e pale aku ai iā Barguzin he 41 a me ka nui o nā ʻāina he 164,960 km².
I Kina, pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona a puni ka 215,678 km uka kahi e mālama ʻia ai nā laha. Ma Mongolia, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia me he mea nāwaliwali. I ka DPRK barguzin hoʻolaha ʻia me he mea ʻaneʻane hoʻoweliweli ʻia. I Iapana, ua pale ʻia nā wahi kaiāulu kūloko mai ka makahiki 1920 a ua helu ʻia ʻo ia i kēia manawa me he mea ʻaneʻane pau ʻole. ʻAʻohe kuhi o ka nui no Iāpana, Kōlea a me Kazakhstan paha, a ʻo nā ʻāpana lehulehu o kēlā me kēia mau ʻāina he ʻāpana liʻiliʻi wale nō o ka lāhui 'ākea āpau.
Lā paʻi: 07/14/2019
Lā hou: 25.09.2019 ma 20:13
