Liʻiliʻi akā wikiwiki a dexterous leʻaleʻae like me ka falcon liʻiliʻi. I kona helehelena, hiki i kekahi ke huli koke i ka falcon hanohano a me ka predatory ʻano. ʻO kahi hohonu, ʻike maka, nā maka o ka manu i hoʻokalakupua a me nā mea hoʻopīhoihoi, a kahi lele lele nani e hāʻawi i kahi ʻano o ke kūʻokoʻa a me ke kaumaha ʻole. E aʻo kākou i kēia kanaka hulu kupaianaha i ke kikoʻī, e wehewehe nei i kona helehelena, ke ʻano, nā hiʻohiʻona nohona a me nā wahi punahele o ka hoʻoili.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Cheglock
ʻO ka leʻaleʻa kahi mea hulu hulu mai ka ʻohana falcon, e pili ana i ke kaʻina o nā Falconiformes a me ka genus o falcons. Ma waho, he like loa ka leʻaleʻa me ka falcon, akā i ka hoʻemi ʻia o ka nui. Aia kekahi mau ʻano like e pili ana i ka genus like, a i kā lākou inoa i loaʻa ka huaʻōlelo "hobby", ua hui pū ʻia lākou i kahi hui ʻokoʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo Hypotriorchis. Aia ma waena o nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia hui nā plumage hina ʻeleʻele, ke kū ʻana o nā "whiskers" ʻeleʻele a me nā kaha ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū, aia ma ke kino.
Video: Cheglock
ʻO ka mea mua e wehewehe i kēia ʻano manu ʻo ka ʻepekema Suède, kauka a me ke kanaka maoli Karl Linnaeus, ua hana ʻia kēia ma 1758. ʻO ka inoa o ka genus "falcons" ma ka leo Latina e like me "falco" a ma ka unuhi ʻana he "sickle", kahi e pili pono ana i nā māiʻuʻuku o nā falcon āpau. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka huaʻōlelo "hobby" ʻaʻole maopopo loa. Manaʻo nā limahana o ke Kulanui o Pedagogical State o Moscow i ka inoa o ka manu mai ka "chegl" Old Russian, ʻo ia hoʻi "maoli, primordial."
Aia kekahi manaʻo e hōʻike ana kēlā waiwai i ka helu ʻia o kēia manu ma waena o nā manu lele lele - ka gyrfalcon, peregrine falcon, i hōʻike ʻia e nā ana liʻiliʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā falcon. No laila, kūʻē ʻia ka leʻaleʻa i nā falcon mehana ke ʻano e like me ka fawn wawae a me ke kestrel, i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia no ka ʻimi holoholona.
ʻO Hobby kahi hunter luhi ʻole a me ka predator o ke koko hanohano. Maʻalahi e huikau iā ia me kahi falekona peregrine, aia nā ʻokoʻa i ka nui (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka falcon peregrine), nā kaha lōʻihi i ka ʻōpū (i ka peregrine falcon transverse lākou) a me ka malu ʻulaʻula o nā lālā. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hoblocks kāne ma mua o nā wahine, ʻokoʻa ke kaumaha o lākou mai 160 a 200 mau huna, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 32 a 35 cm. ʻO ke kaumaha o nā wahine mai 230 a 250 grama a loaʻa ka lōʻihi 33 a 37 cm.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Manu Hobby
Maʻemaʻe ke poʻo o ka leʻaleʻa, he ʻano poepoe kona, ʻike maka, nui, pōʻai, ʻike maka maka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ka nuku o ka manu he akahai. Liʻiliʻi nō hoʻi nā hulu huluhulu, uhi ʻia i ka hulu ma luna. Hoʻolako ʻia nā paws me nā manamana wāwae lahilahi akā lōʻihi a ulana hoʻi. Ma ka laulaha, nānā ka hobbyist i ka lokomaikaʻi, me nā ʻēheu lōʻihi e kū ana ma waho o ka piko o ka huelo. A lōʻihi kona huelo a kāhili ʻia.
ʻO ke kala o ka plumage o ka hobby he loli, pili ia i kona mau makahiki. ʻAneʻane like nā kāne a me nā wahine i ka helehelena, no laila ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o lākou. I ka wā kamaliʻi, predominates ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ka mea mau i nā moa a i ʻelua mau pule o ko lākou mau makahiki. A laila ʻike ʻia nā kiko o ka hina i ka lole a me ka leo ocher i loko o ka ʻōpū. Ma kahi kokoke i ka mahina, lilo ke kala i mea nui aʻe. Ma ke kua, hōʻike ʻia nā hulu ʻenaʻena, ma ke poʻo poʻo a ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū, ʻo ka nui o nā kala ocher ka mea i ʻike ʻia, aia wale nō kahi hiʻohiʻona lonikū e ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻōpū. He kani hina hina ko ka nuku me kahi aniani bluish ma ke kumu. Ma nā peke melemele mae, ʻike ʻia nā māiʻu lou o ke kala ʻeleʻele.
ʻIke hoihoi: I ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola, he ʻāpana brown ke kāʻei o ka manu, nalowale iki nā kala hina, ka undertail a me ka wahi o nā wāwae i loaʻa ke kala like me nā manu oʻo.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke kau ʻia i ke kala hulu o ka leʻaleʻa, nalowale kahi leo hina. Kū aʻe nā kaha keʻokeʻo ma ke kua o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī o ka manu. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka ʻumiʻumi i pena ʻia i ka ʻeleʻele (nā kaha ʻeleʻele ma lalo o nā maka). Ma nā ʻaoʻao, ma ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū, keʻokeʻo nā hulu me nā kaha ākea oblong o nā aka ʻeleʻele. I ka māhele o ka undertail a me nā wāwae lalo, ʻike ʻia kahi ʻulaʻula. Loaʻa i kekahi i ka manaʻo e kau ana ka mea leʻaleʻa i nā pālule ʻulaʻula. He mau kiko ʻulaʻula ko ka wahine ma ka ʻulaʻula, a aia ma ka ʻaoʻao o loko o nā ʻeheu.
Ma hea e noho ai ka hobby?
Kiʻi: ʻO Hobbyist i ka lele ʻana
Ua nani ʻo Cheglok iā Eurasia a me ʻApelika ʻAkau, e noho ana ma nā wahi nui he nui ma laila.
E hoʻomaopopo e loaʻa kēia manu ma ka ʻaneʻane o nā ʻāina āpau, ka manu i noho ʻia:
- Pinilana;
- Iapana;
- Lukia;
- Wiekanama;
- Himalaya;
- Sakhalin;
- ʻO Kuril a me nā Moku Pelekane;
- Tinisia;
- Moloko;
- Kepania;
- ʻĀkia ʻĀkia;
- Monokolia;
- Helene;
- Ikalia.
Makemake ʻo Cheglok i nā ululāʻau māmā, e kuapo me nā ʻāina steppe hāmama i kūpono no ka ʻimi holoholona. Hoʻolako ʻo ia i kāna mau wahi pūnana i ka ʻaneʻane o ka ululāʻau holoʻokoʻa o ka Soviet Union mua, koe wale nō ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka taiga. Holo kēia manu ma Asia Hema, nā waoakua o ʻApelika komohana, Kina a me India.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: pūnana nā hobbies i nā ululāʻau ākea, ʻoi aku ka makemake e noho i kekahi ma nā massif i kāwili ʻia, a i ʻole nā ulu lāʻau lōʻihi, kahiko, pine.
ʻAʻole makemake nā hobina i nā wahi hāmama āpau a me nā mānoanoa hiki ʻole ke hoʻohele ʻia. Hiki iā ia ke koho i kahi wao nahele, kahi kapa muliwai, nā wahi kūwaho o marshlands. Aia kekahi ʻike i ʻike ʻia no ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o kēia manu ma kahi o nā hale kanaka, akā he kakaikahi loa kēia, makemake ka manu e hōʻole i ka pili pili ʻana me nā poʻe, e mālama nei i ka nohona. Ma nā wahi mauna, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi leʻaleʻa e piʻi a i 4 km ke kiʻekiʻe, kahi e hauʻoli ai ʻo ia. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻano o kēia mau manu, a laila hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo i ko lākou wahi noho, kahi ʻano o kēlā me kēia ʻano.
Ua ʻike wale ʻia nā ʻepekema ʻelua mau lālā o ka leʻaleʻa, eia kēia:
- falco subbuteo subbuteo Linnaeus, e noho ana ma ʻEulopa, ke komohana ʻākau o ka ʻāina ʻApelika a me nā ʻāpana āpau o ʻAsia koe ka hema hikina. Kuhi ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana i ka neʻe ʻana i ka ʻāina; no ka hoʻoilo, koho ʻo ia iā ʻAsia Hema a me Central a me ʻApelika Hema.
- falco subbuteo streichi Hartert und Neumann, ʻōiwi i ka Hikina Hema ʻo Asia, kahi ʻohana kūmau.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e ola ai ka hobbyist. E ʻike kāua i ka manu a kēia manu ʻai.
He aha ka mea leʻaleʻa e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Cheglock ma Lūkia
ʻO Hobbyist kahi hunter dexterous a luhi ʻole hoʻi nāna e hoʻouka wikiwiki i ka lewa. Kūleʻa nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā kolo nui i kāna papa kuhikuhi. No nā mea kolo, hiki i ka leʻaleʻa ke ʻai i nā ʻano beetle, butterflies, dragonflies. ʻO nā sparrows maʻamau, nā starling, a me nā wagtails e lilo pinepine i manu pio no ka leʻaleʻa. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hoʻonohonoho ka mea hulu manu i kahi kokoke i nā wahi pūnana o ka ʻeleʻele a me nā ale, kahi āna e makemake ai e ʻai ma ke ʻano he meaʻai māmā.
ʻIke nui ka chaglok i ka hopu holoholona mai nā hola o ke ahiahi, ke hele a ahiahi, no laila ʻike pinepine ʻo ia i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, a lilo ia i ʻaina ahiahi maikaʻi loa. Hopu ka mea mākaukau mākaukau i kāna mea pio i ka wā o ka lele wikiwiki a hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia, e hopu pono iā ia i ka lewa. He mākaukau loa ʻo ia, hoʻomau a hoʻomau ʻole, no laila hiki iā ia ke alualu i nā meaʻai e makemake iā ia.
Inā ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ka mea pio, ma nā ana o ka leʻaleʻa, a laila lawe ʻo ia iā ia i kahi lāʻau kokoke, kahi e ʻai ai kāna ʻai i nā lālā. ʻAi ka predator i nā kolo i ka lele. I kekahi manawa pahee nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi a me nā moʻo i ka papaʻai o ka leʻaleʻa, akā hiki ke kapa ʻia kēlā ʻiʻo pio wale nō, no ka mea hānai ʻia i ka lewa, no ka mea paʻakikī loa ka hopu ʻana i ka mea e pio ai ka manu.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻO ka manu Hobby i ke kūlohelohe
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ka leʻaleʻa he polokalamu kelepona, hana a hoʻomaha ʻole. Eia kekahi, he ʻano paʻakikī ʻo ia, hoʻokaumaha a paʻakikī hoʻi. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo ia i nā manu ʻē aʻe, ʻo kona ʻohana pili loa hoʻi. ʻAʻole pili ka huhū i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he meaʻai liʻiliʻi, he hakakā wale nō kāna a ʻaʻole ʻano aloha. ʻO nā manu i lele aʻe i kahi pūnana o ka hobbyist ʻaʻole e maikaʻi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ke ʻike nei i kahi manu ʻē aʻe ma kahi kokoke, hoʻomaka koke ka hobby i kahi hakakā me ia. Kuhi koke ʻia nā manu liʻiliʻi e ka hobbyist ma ke ʻano he meaʻai māmā. ʻOiai, ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi i nā mea āpau, akā e hoʻāʻo ʻo ia i kēia.
ʻO kahi maka maka, kūkiʻi a me ka ʻumiʻumi "huhū" e hoʻokali iki i ka leʻaleʻa a koʻikoʻi loa. ʻO Chaglok, ka mea i noho kokoke i nā māla a mahi i ka ʻāina, hāʻawi i kahi lawelawe nui i ka poʻe e ka ʻai ʻana i nā manu liʻiliʻi e ʻoki i ka hua. Hoʻonohonoho ka hulu i kahi panalāʻau no ka hopu holoholona, a pale ʻo ia i nā malihini lele lele ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka maʻamau aia kahi wahi kūlike ʻole ma waena o nā hoʻolālā hobby. Hoʻokahi wale nō ka ʻimi holoholona i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka lele ʻana o ka leʻaleʻa wikiwiki a dexterous, hoʻololi ʻia nā pale o nā ʻeheu e nā neʻe lele lele. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole he ʻano like ke kau ʻana o ka manu i kēia mau manu; i ka lele ʻana, ʻo nā ʻeheu hohola o kahi hobbyist e like me ka pahi.
Ua hoʻokūpaʻa nā Ornithologists ua hāʻawi ka natura i ka leʻaleʻa me ka makaʻala nui, no laila ʻaʻole e hūnā kekahi mau mea kolo i loko o ʻelua haneli mau mika mai ka mea ʻaihue mai. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kāhea i kahi hobbyist kamaʻilio, ʻo ia, ma ka ʻaoʻao, hāmau loa. ʻO kāna hopohopo nui wale pū kekahi me kekahi uē ʻoi loa, kūpē a kuli hoʻi, maʻamau no ka ʻohana falcon holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Cheglock
ʻO ka wā male no cheglok e hāʻule i ka hopena o ʻApelila - Mei Mei. I kēia manawa kūpikipiki o nā manu, hiki i kekahi ke ʻike i ke kaʻapuni ʻana o nā kāne hulu i ka lewa, kahi e hana ai i nā hana like ʻole a me nā maneuvers. I loko o kēlā mau hulahula aloha, hiki i nā hobbyist mālama ke hoʻoponopono i kekahi i kekahi ma ka lele, ʻoiai lākou e hōʻike nei i ko lākou wahi a me ke aloha no kā lākou hoa.
ʻAʻole kūkulu nā hobbyist i kā lākou pūnana, hoʻomoe lākou i nā hua i nā pūnana manu ʻole o nā manu ʻē aʻe, a i kekahi manawa kipaku aku me ka unceremonious i nā manu mai kahi a lākou e makemake ai. Nānā nā hobbyists i nā pūnana i kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka honua.
ʻOi ke ʻano o ke koho ʻana i kahi pūnana, no ka mea, lawe ʻia i nā helu he nui.
- ke kū ʻana o kahi kumu wai kokoke (kahawai, kahawai);
- kahi i ka pūnana o kahi ululāʻau;
- ke loaʻa ma nā wahi ākea o nā kula a me nā kula e pono ai no ka hopu holoholona.
Mālama pono kekahi mau mea hoʻohiwahiwa i ko lākou ʻāina i wae ʻia mai nā manu ʻē aʻe, e nānā ana iā ia mai kahi pūnana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe (mai 10 a 30 mau mika). Hoʻomaka ka wahine i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua ma ka hopena o Mei a i Iulai paha, pili ia i ka mahana o ka mahana. Hiki i ka pūnana ke komo i ʻekolu a ʻeono paha mau hua, ʻokoʻa ka nui mai 3 a 3.6 cm. Noho ka lōʻihi o ka incubation i loko o hoʻokahi mahina. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka wahine i kēia mau manawa i nā hua me kona kino, a hānai ka makua kāne i ka wā e hiki mai ana i kāna meaʻai.
ʻAʻole like nā moa o nā keiki i waho me ko lākou mau mākua, uhi ʻia lākou me kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo o ka fluff keʻokeʻo, no laila pono lākou i ka mehana makuahine i ka wā mua, pono e ʻimi hoʻokahi ka makuakāne, hānai i nā keiki ʻelua, a me ka hoa, a ʻo ia iho nō. Piʻi koke nā pēpē, ikaika a loaʻa ke kaumaha. Ma hope koke, hele lākou i ke kaʻina molting mua a, i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi mahina, hoʻomaka i nā lele kūʻokoʻa. I ka mua, nele nā holoholona ʻōpio i ka dexterity a me ka wikiwiki, no laila hānai nā kūpuna mālama iā lākou i nā manawa āpau.
I loko o ke kau kau, noho ʻo Hobbies i kahi ʻohana nui aloha. I ka hōʻea ʻana o ka lau o ke kau, ua hele ka ʻōpio makua e hālāwai me ke ʻano makua, haʻalele i kā lākou pūnana a holo wikiwiki i nā wahi hoʻoilo. Hoʻohui ʻia e hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā mea leʻaleʻa nā hulu lōʻihi, no ka mea, ua hāʻawi ke ʻano iā lākou i kahi lōʻihi o ke ola, mai 17 a 20 mau makahiki, akā ʻaʻole kēia ka palena. Aia kekahi ʻike e pili ana i nā hobbyists i noho no ka hapahā o ke kenekulia.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o Hobina
Kiʻi: Manu Hobby
ʻOiai ʻo ka leʻaleʻa he manu waena ia, ʻaʻohe ona ʻenemi i ka nāhelehele. Kohu mea lā, hana kēia no kekahi mau kumu. ʻO ka mea mua, aneane hiki ʻole i ka manu ke kiʻi aku, kiʻekiʻe loa kāna pūnaewele pūnana, a hoʻokumu ʻia ka hobbyist iā ia iho i ka lewa no ka manawa nui.
ʻO ka lua, mai poina ʻo kēia, ʻo ka mea mua loa, he mea ʻaihue a he ʻano wiwo ʻole a me ke kumu kona. ʻO ke kolu, ʻaʻole ke ʻano o kahi leʻaleʻa makana. ʻO kāna moa, moa a me ke ʻano aloha ʻole e hoʻoweliweli i nā mea makemake ʻole ʻino. ʻEhā, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻowahāwahā ʻia ka mākaukau, ka wikiwiki, ka hana nui a me ka mākaukau o kēia manu.
Mea leʻaleʻa: hoʻohana nā hobbyist i nā kaʻaahi ma ke ʻano he kōkua i kā lākou alualu ʻana. Hiki i kā lākou holo wikiwiki ke ʻoi aku i ke kaʻaahi neʻe. E lele ana ma hope ona, hopu nā leʻaleʻa i nā manu, kahi a ka leo o ke kaʻaahi e ala aʻe ai mai nā wahi mehameha.
I nā paws o nā poʻe makemake ʻole i ka maʻi, pinepine i ka nāwaliwali ʻia e ka maʻi, nā manu ʻelemakule a i ʻole nā holoholona ʻōpio ʻike ʻole. Me ka poʻe, mālama ka hobbyist i ka neutrality, makemake ʻole e launa pū. Akā naʻe, hiki i ke kanaka ke koho ʻia i waena o nā ʻenemi o kēia manu haʻaheo, no ka mea pili ʻole ʻo ia i kona ola ke komo ʻo ia i nā wahi o ka hoʻonohonoho paʻa mau ʻana, hoʻoneʻe i nā manu mai nā ʻāina i noho ʻia, e hana i nā hana hoʻokele waiwai pau ʻole, ʻokiʻoki i nā ululāʻau, hoʻonāukiuki i ke ʻano kaiapuni i ka nui. Hoʻopilikia kēia mau hana āpau i ke ola o ka leʻaleʻa, a me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka holoholona hihiu.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Manu Hobby ma Lūkia
Noho ka makemake a kūʻokoʻa hobbyist i nā mokuʻāina a me nā panalāʻau, e neʻe lōʻihi i ka wā hoʻoilo. Hiki ke loaʻa ka manu i ka nui o ka moku ʻApelika, ʻAsia a me ʻEulopa. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, i kēia manawa o ka manawa, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ka lehulehu o kēia predator hulu kupaianaha, noho paʻa kāna mau helu a ma kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Aia kekahi ʻikepili hilinaʻi i ka helu o nā hobbyist e like me ʻekolu miliona mau pālua, no laila ʻaʻole pono kēia ʻano falcon i nā hana hoʻomalu kūikawā a ʻaʻole helu ʻia i ka Red Book.
ʻOiai, aia nā hopena anthropogenic maikaʻi ʻole e hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole i ka hana nui a kēia mau manu lele. ʻO nā mea nui ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o nā wahi o ka hoʻonohonoho mau ʻana o nā manu ma muli o nā hana like ʻole a ke kanaka: ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale, ke kau ʻana o nā alaloa, ka noho ʻana o ka ʻāina no nā pono mahiʻai, nā wao nahele, a me ka haumia o ka nohona kūlohelohe o nā manu. He hopena maikaʻi ʻole kā kēia mau mea āpau, akā ʻaʻohe ona hopena koʻikoʻi i ka helu o ka heluna hobbyist, aia nō ka nui o lākou, ʻaʻole hiki ke hauʻoli. ʻO ka mea nui i ka wā e hiki mai ana ka lehulehu o kēia mau manu falcon ʻaʻole i ʻike i kahi hoʻoweliweli kūwaho e alakaʻi iā ia i ka laina luku.
I ka hopena, makemake wau e hoʻohui he kūʻokoʻa ka hoopoe, wikiwiki a wiwo ʻole, ʻaʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he manu manu lele i ka ʻimi manu ʻana, nā hoopoes, a me nā manō. Hāʻawi maikaʻi ka hobbyhorse iā ia iho i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi he akamai a wikiwiki ʻo ia, a ʻo kāna ʻano hoʻomaha a me ka huhū huhū wale nō ke kōkua i ka hana hopu holoholona. Ma ke ʻano laulā, lawe mai kēia mea ʻaihue i nā pōmaikaʻi he nui, e noho ana ma kahi mamao aku mai ka ʻāina mahi, no ka mea, ʻai ia i ka nui o nā manu liʻiliʻi e hōʻeha nui i ka mea kanu.
Lā paʻi: 12.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/24/2019 ma 22:16
