Paukū hina - kahi manu hihiu liʻiliʻi, e like me ka nui me ka moa home maʻamau. He kala polū hina hina kona me nā ʻōlinolino ʻōlinolino a me kahi lauwili. ʻO kēia kahi ʻano laha loa o ka genus o nā partridges, kahi nui kona wahi noho. ʻO nā moa hihiu, e like me ke kāhea pinepine ʻia, heʻiʻo momona a momona hoʻi, mahalo iā lākou he kumuhana punahele o ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana ʻaʻole wale no nā kānaka, akā no ka nui o nā holoholona hihiu a me nā manu.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Partridge hina
Noho ka Partridge hina i Eurasia a pau a lawe ʻia i ʻAmelika, kahi i loaʻa ai ke aʻa me ka kūleʻa. Aia he 8 mau ʻāpana o kēia manu, kēlā a me kēia e ʻike ʻia e kona ʻano kala, ka nui, a me ka hiki ke hānau hou. Wahi a nā ʻepekema, ua iho mai ka ʻāpana hina hina mai kekahi ʻano manu o nā manu prehistoric. ʻOiai ʻo Neanderthals i alualu iā lākou, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā hopena o nā ʻeli he nui a me ka noiʻi koʻikoʻi. Ma ke ʻano he kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāpana hina hina i mau makahiki he ʻumi mau makahiki i hala aku nei ma ka mokuna o Northern Mongolia, Transbaikalia, a mai ia manawa ʻaʻole i loli.
Video: Pāpale hina
No ka ʻohana pheasant ka ʻāpana hina, ke ʻoka o nā moa. Noho iki ia ma luna o nā kumulāʻau a no laila ua manaʻo ʻia he manu ʻāina. ʻOiai ka nui o ka poʻe e makemake e ʻahaʻaina iā ia, ka ikaika o ke ʻano o ke aniau i ke ola o nā keiki, ka hoʻoilo paʻakikī me ka lele ʻole i nā wahi mahana, ua nui ka lehulehu a ola koke ma hope o kahi wā maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo ka moʻomeheu o ka honua ʻaʻole i mālama i kēia manu hina, nui ʻole. Hōʻike nā kaʻao o Helene kahiko i ka hana hilahila ʻole a ka mea hoʻolālā haʻaheo ʻo Daedalus, iā ia i kiola ai i kāna haumāna mai kahi pali. Akā ua hoʻohuli ʻo Athena i ke kanaka ʻōpio i loko o ka ʻāpana hina a ʻaʻole ia i hina. Wahi a nā kaʻao, ʻo kēia ke kumu makemake ʻole nā ʻāpana manuahi e lele kiʻekiʻe, makemake e hoʻolilo i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa i ka honua.
Kūʻē i kona mau ʻenemi, ʻelua wale nō ona mea kaua: he kala like ʻole, e ʻae ai iā ʻoe e nalowale i nā lau a me ka hiki ke holo wikiwiki, i nā manawa pōpilikia wale nō ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻāpana hina e hoʻāʻo e pakele i ka mea ʻaihue. I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka ʻono kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻano nutritional o kāna ʻiʻo, unpretentiousness, hānai maikaʻi ʻia ka manu i ka pio, akā me kahi papaʻai kūikawā.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: manu ʻāhinahina manu
Aia i ka ʻāpana hina kona mau hiʻohiʻona ponoʻī e hoʻomanaʻo ai, a maʻalahi ia e ʻike:
- ka nui o ke kino mai 28 a 31 cm, ʻūheu 45-48 cm, ke kaumaha mai 300 a 450 grama;
- ʻike ʻia ia e kahi ʻōpū ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo poepoe me kahi wahi lilelile i ke ʻano o ka lio lio, kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi me ka nuku ʻeleʻele, kahi kua hina maikaʻi me kahi ʻano brown blotches brown.
- ʻeleʻele nā wāwae o kēia ʻano, ʻālohilohi ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo, ʻaneʻane ʻalani. ʻAʻole nani ka hulu o nā wahine i ko nā kāne a liʻiliʻi pinepine lākou;
- ʻōuli a ʻokoʻa nā ʻōiwi ʻōiwi i nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino, e nalo ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka manu.
ʻO ka hana nui o ke kala ʻokoʻa nā camouflage. Hele nā manu i loko o ka molt i kēlā me kēia makahiki, i hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomaka me nā hulu mua, a laila hele i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe a pau loa i ka hopena o ke kauwela. Ma muli o ka mānoanoa o ka plumage a me ka hoʻoheheʻe mau ʻana, hiki i nā partridges ke ola i loko o ka hau me ka hau kaulike. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā poʻe āpau e noho nei i ka kūlohelohe ʻaʻole e holo i kēlā me kēia makahiki i nā wahi mahana, akā noho i ka hoʻoilo i ko lākou wahi noho mau. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻeli lākou i nā lua i ka hau a hiki i 50 mau mika ka lōʻihi, i nā manawa anuanu hoʻi e ʻākoakoa ai i loko o lākou i nā hui holoʻokoʻa, e hoʻomehana ana kekahi i kekahi.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻāpana hina?
Kiʻi: Partridge hina ma Lūkia
ʻIke ʻia ka ʻāpana hina-polū ʻaneʻane ma nā wahi āpau o nā hema a me nā kikowaena o Rūsia, Altai, Siberia, i nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa, e like me Kelemania, Pelekane Nui, Kanada a me ʻAmelika Hema, a me ʻAsia komohana. ʻO nā wahi hema o Siberia Komohana a me Kazakhstan i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka nohona kūlohelohe.
ʻO kāna mau wahi punahele:
- ululāʻau nui, ulu ulu, nāhele nahele;
- nā kula me ka mauʻu, mauʻu kiʻekiʻe, ākea ākea me nā mokupuni o nā nāhelehele, nā awawa.
- i kekahi mau hihia, hoʻonohonoho ʻoluʻolu ka ʻāpana hina i nā wahi pohopoho, akā koho ʻo ia i nā mokupuni maloʻo me nā lau nahele nui.
No nā kūlana ʻoluʻolu loa, pono ʻo ia i kahi a me ke alo o kahi nui o nā laʻalāʻau, mauʻu lōʻihi, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hūnā maʻalahi, kūkulu i kahi pūnana, a loaʻa pū ka meaʻai. Noho pinepine ka ʻāpana kokoke i nā māla me nā mea kanu o ka oats, buckwheat, millet. Kōkua ia i ka mahiʻai ma ka huki ʻana i nā mea kolo weliweli a me nā ʻano invertebrates like ʻole e hoʻoweliweli i nā mea kanu.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo ke koho ʻana i kahi e noho ai, ʻaʻole e haʻalele nā pulu hina iā ia. Maʻaneʻi, i loko o ko lākou ola, kūkulu lākou i nā pūnana, hānai keiki, hānai, a laila, e noho nō nā moa makua i ka ʻāina like.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka ʻāpana hina. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka ʻāpana hina?
Kiʻi: ʻāpana hina hina
ʻAi nui nā mākua o kēia ʻano i nā mea kanu mea kanu: ka mauʻu, nā mea kanu nā mea kanu, nā hua, i kekahi manawa hoʻohui lākou i ka papaʻai me kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o nā meaʻai holoholona. ʻAi wale ʻia nā keiki e ulu ana e nā ʻeneke, nā ilo, nā ʻūlū like ʻole a me nā nananana, ke ulu lākou, huli iki lākou i ka papaʻai maʻamau no nā mākua.
Loaʻa nā hānai manu āpau i ka honua. I ka hoʻoilo, lilo ka ʻai i ka nui, ka haehae o ka hau i ka hau me kā lākou mau wāwae ikaika e hele ai i ka mauʻu hihiu a me nā ʻanoʻano. I kēia mea kōkua pinepine ʻia lākou e nā lua hare. I kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke hānai i nā māla mahiʻai me ka palaoa hoʻoilo, ke hāʻawi ʻia ʻaʻole nui ka nui o ka hau.
I nā hoʻoilo koʻikoʻi, hele pinepine mai ma hope o ke kauwela kauwela a me ke kauwela me ka ʻohi maikaʻi ʻole, pili lākou i nā wahi noho o ka poʻe, lele i nā wahi hānai o nā mahi holoholona i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā puʻu ʻōpala kahi e loaʻa maʻalahi ai nā hua o nā mea kanu mahiʻai. I ka pūnāwai, ʻai ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea momona o nā mea kanu i kāwili pū ʻia me nā ʻelala. Hoʻoiho koke nā kānaka ma hope o ka hoʻoilo pōloli a mākaukau e hatch i nā keiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela.
ʻAʻole ia e koi ʻia e hoʻohana i nā meaʻai manuʻai maʻamau no ka home e ulu ana i ka ʻāpana hina. Pono e lawe i kahi kokoke loa i ka papaʻai kūlohelohe, inā ʻaʻole hiki i ko lākou make, hōʻole ʻana i nā hua manu a me ka hoʻouluulu ʻana o nā keiki.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Nā ʻāpana hina
ʻO ka manu ākea ka mea i manaʻo nui ʻia he manu ʻāina. Hiki iā ia ke holo wikiwiki a me ka mākaukau i ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe, ma waena o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā lāʻau. Lawe nui ia i ke alo o kahi weliweli koʻikoʻi a i ka manawa like e lele nui ai kona mau ʻeheu, lele i kahi mamao iki ma luna o ka honua, a laila pae hou, hoʻopunipuni i ka mea ʻino. I kekahi manawa hiki iā ia ke lele ma kahi mamao loa e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai a i ka manawa like ʻaʻole ia e hele i nā palena o kona wahi maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ʻaʻole hiki ke lele lōʻihi - aia nō ia i loko o kona mana.
I ka wā e holo ai, kū pololei ka moa hihiu, e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i kona poʻo, a i ka wā o ka hele wāwae maʻamau e neʻe iki ʻo ia i luna, e nānā a puni me kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi. He manu hilahila loa kēia a noho mālie hoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe liʻiliʻi i kona leo. Inā wale i ka wā o nā pāʻani moena a i ʻole ka hoʻouka kaua i manaʻo ʻole ʻia, ke kani nui loa lākou, e like me kāna.
I ke ao, ʻo ka hānai he 2-3 mau hola wale nō ia no nā ʻāpana, ke koena o ka manawa e peʻe ai lākou i nā ulu lāʻau o ka mauʻu, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ko lākou hulu a hele i nā aʻa āpau. Hāʻule nā hola hana nui i ke kakahiaka nui a me ke ahiahi, ʻo ka pō ka manawa e hoʻomaha ai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: mai nā wahi me ka hoʻoilo, ʻoiai me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, hele i ka hema ka hina, no ka mea he hiki ʻole ke kiʻi i ka meaʻai ma lalo o ka mānoanoa o ka hau. I nā wahi noho ʻē aʻe, noho mau nā moa hihiu i ka hoʻoilo a i ko lākou ola e hana i nā lele he nui wale ma kahi mamao aku e ʻimi i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: manu ʻāhinahina manu
ʻO kēia ʻano ʻāpana monopona. Hoʻomau mau nā kāne ma waena o nā moa moa no ke ola. Pili pū nā mākua ʻelua i ka hānai ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i nā keiki. Hoʻomoe nā moa hihiu i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki i ka hoʻomaka mua o Mei mai 15 a 25 mau hua i kēlā me kēia manawa. Kūkulu pono nā pūnana manu i ka honua, hūnā iā lākou i ka mauʻu, ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau. I ka wā o ka incubation, ma kahi o 23 mau lā, haʻalele wale ka wahine i ka lālau no ka meaʻai; i kona wā e hele ʻole ai, kokoke ke kāne i ka pūnana a maʻalahi hoʻi i ke kūlana.
Ke kū mai kahi mea ʻino a i ʻole nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe, hoʻāʻo lāua ʻelua e hoʻohuli i ka nānā a pau iā lākou iho, e neʻe mālie ana mai ke kūpeʻe, a laila, i ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi hoʻoweliweli, hoʻi lākou. Make pinepine nā kāne i kēia wā, e mōhai nei iā lākou iho no ka palekana o kā lākou mau moa. ʻOiai ke ola kiʻekiʻe o nā keiki, i nā makahiki ua nui, e make paha ka ʻohana āpau i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻoiai aia nā pūnana ma ka honua. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā keiki i ka manawa like a mākaukau koke hoʻi e hāhai i ko lākou mau mākua ma waena o ka ʻāina o kahi noho no kahi mamao a i kahi mau haneli mau mika. Ua loaʻa i nā Chicks ka plumage, ʻike a lohe pono, a aʻo wikiwiki.
Mea hoihoi: I hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ua hiki i nā moa o ka ʻāpana hina hina ke lawe aku, a ma hope o kekahi mau pule ʻelua ua mākaukau lākou no nā huakaʻi hele lōʻihi me ko lākou mau mākua.
ʻO nā manu ʻāhinahina he manu pili kaiaulu e launa mau kekahi me kekahi. Ma nā wahi hema, noho lākou i nā hipa o 25-30 mau kānaka, ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau, helu hapa ka hipa i nā manu. Inā make kekahi o nā mākua, a laila mālama ka lua i nā keiki; inā make ʻelua, noho mau nā keiki i nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe o nā ʻāpana palapū e noho kokoke ana. I nā hoʻoilo ʻoi loa, ʻākoakoa nā manu i nā pūʻulu pili kokoke a noho kokoke i nā lua hau liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻomehana pū ʻana, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi wai e hoʻopuehu hou aku lākou i ko lākou mau wahi mehameha.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā partridges hina
Kiʻi: ʻO nā pale hulina hina
He nui nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā partridges hina:
- Kites, gyrfalcons, pueo a me nā manu ʻio ʻio, ʻo nā manu koraka hiki ke ʻimi i nā mea ulu ulu;
- ferrets, foxes, polar foxes a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui o ka noho nahele o nā ululāʻau a me nā māla.
Ma muli o ka nui o nā ʻenemi, ola kahi ʻāpana laha ʻole a hiki i ka 4 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi hiki i nā poʻe ke ola a 10 mau makahiki. ʻAʻohe āna mea e pale aku ai iā ia iho mai nā mea ʻino, koe wale no nā kala camouflage. Manaʻo ʻia ka ʻāpana hina he maʻalahi pio. ʻO ia ke kumu e mālama a pale ai ka wahine a me ke kāne i kā lāua pua i kahi ala. Ma muli wale nō o ka momona kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana o nā moa, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka heluna o nā keiki hihiu me ka luku ʻia.
Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, ʻo ka hoʻohana ikaika ʻana o nā pesticides like ʻole i ka mahiʻai e hōʻino nui i ka heluna o nā partridges hina. Inā noho ka ʻohana ma kahi o kahi e noho ai, a laila hiki i nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio ke kipa iā lākou e loaʻa pono ai nā ʻōpio. ʻO nā Hedgehogs, nā nāhesa e haki maʻalahi i nā pūnana a ʻahaʻaina i nā hua. ʻO ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo ka hau hoʻi ke kumu o ka make ʻana o kahi nui o nā partridges. I kēia wā, nāwaliwali loa lākou ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka meaʻai a lilo i mea maʻalahi no nā mea ʻaihue.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Pākuʻi hina i ka hoʻoilo
ʻAʻole i loko o ka Buke ʻulaʻula o Lūkia ka ʻāpana hina hina, ʻokoʻa i kona hoahānau, ka ʻāpana keʻokeʻo, kahi e hoʻoweliweli ʻia nei e pau loa. Kūpaʻa ke kūlana o kēia ʻano ma muli o ka momona kiʻekiʻe loa a me ke ola o nā pua.
Mai ka hopena o ke kanahiku, ua hala nā kenekulia, ua hoʻomaka ka heluna kanaka o nā wahi āpau, he nui e hoʻopili i kēia me nā hui kemika a me nā pesticides i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i nā mahi mahiʻai. Hoʻohui ʻia, noho wikiwiki nā kūlanakauhale e noho ana i nā wahi noho maʻamau o nā pale hina, a ʻo nā ʻīlio pā hale maʻamau kekahi mea hoʻoweliweli i kā lākou keiki. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma ka moku ʻo Leningrad i kēia lā ʻaʻohe mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi kaukani mau kānaka, ma ka moku ʻo Moscow kahi mea iki aʻe. No kēia kumu, aia ka ʻāpana hina i ka Red Book o kēia mau wahi a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe i ka waena konu o ka ʻāina.
Mālama nā kiaʻi manu i ka heluna partridge ma ka hoʻokuʻu pinepine ʻana i kēlā me kēia kanaka i hānai ʻia i loko o nā pā i ko lākou wahi maoli. I nā kūlana hana, ʻoluʻolu loa lākou a laila, i ke kūlohelohe, aʻa aʻa lākou, hāʻawi i nā keiki. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā wānana, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe loea, hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka heluna kanaka ma nā wahi āpau a ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli o ka make piha ʻana no ka ʻāpana hina - mālama maoli ke ʻano i kēia ʻano, a hāʻawi iā ia me nā helu momona kiʻekiʻe.
Paukū hina, ʻoiai he manu hihiu ia, aia ma hope o nā kānaka no nā makahiki he mau kaukani. He ipu i makemake ʻia no nā mea ʻimi holoholona kahiko, a mai ia manawa ʻaʻohe mea i loli - alualu ʻia ʻia nō hoʻi, manaʻo ʻia kāna ʻiʻo he ʻono a momona hoʻi. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻalahi ʻia ia, ulu ʻia i nā hīnaʻi hāmama.
Lā paʻi: 07/10/2019
Lā hou: 09/24/2019 ma 21:14
