Pheasant - He lālā hulu hānai kēia o ke kauoha o nā moa. Kaulana kēia mau manu Eurasia i ka home a hānai pinepine ʻia no nā hana ʻimi holoholona. ʻOluʻolu ka manu i ka helehelena a he plumage ʻōlinolino. Manaʻo ʻia ka ʻiʻo he papaʻai a manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻono i ka mākeke honua. He holoholona hoʻohilahila loa ka pheasant i kona kūlohelohe. Makemake e noho i kahi kaʻawale, no laila paʻakikī e kiʻi i kahi kiʻi o kahi pheasant, no ka mea ʻike ʻole ʻo ia i mua o ka maka aniani.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Pheasant
Ua wehewehe ʻepekema ʻia kēia ʻano e Linnaeus i loko o ka opus "Systema naturae" ma lalo o kona inoa ʻepekema o kēia manawa. Ua kūkākūkā nui ʻia kēia manu ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o Linnaeus i kona nomenclature. ʻO ka pheasant maʻamau i ka ʻāpana nui o nā puke ornithology o ia manawa ua kapa ʻia ʻo "pheasant". ʻAʻole manu manu ʻo Pheasants ma Central Europe. Ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia lākou i laila i nā lā o ka Roman Empire mai ʻAsia mai, e like me ka pāʻani hopu holoholona i nā kenekulia i hala. ʻOiai i kēia lā, hānai ʻia ka hapa nui o nā pheasants i kekahi mau wahi a laila hoʻokuʻu ʻia no ka hopu holoholona.
Video: Pheasant
ʻO kekahi o nā subspecies hihiu kahi lōʻihi o nā manu hoʻonani punahele, no laila ua hānai ʻia lākou i ka wā pio, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kāhea ʻia i loko o ka hale. ʻO ka ʻāina hānau manu ʻo ʻAsia, ʻo Caucasus. Loaʻa iā lākou ko lākou inoa mai ka poʻe Helene kahiko, nā mea i loaʻa nā manu kokoke i ka muliwai ʻo Phasis (ka inoa o Rioni), kokoke i ke Kai ʻEleʻele a me ka noho ʻana ʻo Poti i Piki. ʻO ka pheasant maʻamau ka manu Georgian aupuni. ʻO ke kīʻaha aupuni, chakhokhbili, i hana ʻia mai kāna hoʻopiha. Ma mua o ke au hou, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau manu Caucasian ka hapa nui o nā holoholona i lawe ʻia mai ma ʻEulopa.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka manu ma ʻApelika, koe wale nō ma nā kai kapakai o ke Kaiwaenahonua, i ka wā o Linnaeus, kahi i hoʻolauna ʻia ai i ka wā o ka Emepera Roma. Ua like like kēia mau manu me ka lehulehu Transcaucasian ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema ma ka ʻōlelo Latina, "pheasant mai Colchis", aia ma ke komohana o Keokia hou. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo Helene kahiko e kūlike ana i ka Pelekane pheasant ʻo Phasianos ornis (Φασιανὸς ὂρνις), "manu o ka muliwai Phasis". Ua komo ʻo Linnaeus i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he nui i ka genus Phasianius, e like me ka moa holoholona a me kāna kūpuna hihiu. I kēia lā, hoʻopili wale kēia genus i ka pheasant maʻamau a ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka hope e Linnaeus ma 1758
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Manu Pheasant
ʻO nā pheasants maʻamau he mau manu waena me ka hohonu, nā kino momi, nā poʻo liʻiliʻi, a me nā huelo lōʻihi a lahilahi. Loaʻa i ka moekolohe kahi moekolohe dimorphism e pili ana i ka plumage a me ka nui, ʻoi aku ka pena a me ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. Loaʻa i nā kāne i ka plumage multicolored me nā huelo lōʻihi, kihi a me nā ʻulaʻula kikokiko e pili ana i nā maka.
Kūleʻa ke poʻo o ko lākou poʻo i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka poni iridescent. Nui nā ʻāpana i loaʻa i kahi kola keʻokeʻo e pili ana i ko lākou ʻāʻī, a hāʻawi iā lākou i ka inoa ʻo "ʻāʻī āpau". ʻAʻole emi ke kala o nā wahine. He ʻeleʻele ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻike ʻia i ka plumage a, e like me nā kāne, loloa a kihi hoʻi nā huelo, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ko nā kāne.
Aia nā pūʻulu nui ʻelua o nā subspecies:
- ʻO colchicus, kahi hui me ke apo o ka ʻāʻī, he ʻōiwi no ka ʻāina nui Eurasia. He kanakolukūmākahi mau mea lawelawe;
- pūʻulu versicolor, pheasant keleawe ʻole. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka ʻāʻī, ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū luna. No Iapana kēia hui a ua hōʻike ʻia i Hawaiʻi. ʻEkolu ona mau ʻāpana.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 70-90 cm i ke kāne (ma kahi o 45-60 cm kahi huelo lōʻihi lōʻihi) a me 55-70 cm i ka wahine (ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka huelo ma kahi o 20-26 cm). Ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu kāne mai 230 a 267 mm, wahine mai 218 a 237 mm. Nui kekahi mau mea kōkua. ʻO ke kaupaona o ke kāne mai 1.4 a 1.5 kg, ʻo ka wahine mai 1.1 a 1.4 kg.
Ma hea e noho ai ka pheasant?
Kiʻi: Pheasant i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO ka pheasant kahi ʻano neʻe ʻole e noho ana ma Eurasia. ʻO ka ʻāpana kūlohelohe o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka pheasant e hele ma ka hema o ka Central a me ka hikina Palaearctic, a me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻaoʻao hikina. Hoʻonui ʻia ka pae mai ke Kai ʻEleʻele ma kahi kāʻei ākea mai ka ululāʻau a me kahi ākea i ka hikina i ke komohana o Kina Qinghai a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina ʻo Gobi, e like me Korea, Iapana a me Burma mua. Hōʻike ʻia ia ma ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika ʻAkau, Nūhōlani, ʻAukekulelia a me Hawaiʻi. Ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, loaʻa nā heluna lehulehu o nā pheasants ma waena o nā latitude o ka ʻāina mahiʻai mai ka hema o Kanada a hiki i Utah, Kaleponi, a ma ka hema hoʻi a i Viriginia.
ʻIke hoihoi: Hoʻokaʻawale loa nā wahi o ka noho ʻana, kahi ʻāpana o ka heluna kānaka i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ma ka hikina o ka hema hikina o Siberia a me ka hikina hikina o Kina, kahi ākea i pani ʻia ma ka hema ma ka hapanui o Kina, a me Kōlea a me Taiwan ma ka ʻākau o Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, a me Myanmar, kahi e ʻike ʻole ʻia ai nā hoʻololi ma waena o nā subspecies. ...
Eia hou, ua hana kūlohelohe ʻia kēia ʻano i nā wahi he nui o ka honua me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka kūleʻa. I kēia lā noho ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o ʻEulopa. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kēia mau manu ma Helene wale nō, ma nā ʻAlapa ʻAtalia a me nā ʻāpana o ka hema o Palani. Ma ka Iberian Peninsula a ma ka ʻākau o Scandinavia, aneane pau loa ia. Aia nā wahi ma Chile.
Noho ʻo Pheasants i nā lau nahele a me nā ʻāina mahiʻai. He mea maʻalahi kēia mau manu a noho i kahi ʻano o nā ʻano nohona, koe wale nō nā wahi me ka wao nahele, nā ulu lāʻau alpine a i ʻole nā wahi maloʻo loa. ʻAe kēia maʻalahi iā lākou e ʻimi i nā wahi noho hou. ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka wai hāmama no nā pheasants, akā loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā lehulehu ma kahi o ka wai. Ma nā wahi maloʻo, loaʻa ka manu i ko lākou wai mai ka hau, nā kolo a me nā lau nahele lush.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka manu o ka ʻohana pheasant. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka mea a ka pheasant e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Pheasant
He manu omnivorous nā Pheasants, a no laila e hānai nā pheasants i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Akā ʻo ka hapa nui o ka papaʻai he papaʻai mea kanu wale nō ia, koe wale nō nā pule ʻehā mua o ke ola, ke ʻai nui nā keiki i nā ʻelala. A laila emi ka nui o ka meaʻai holoholona. ʻO nā mea kanu nā mea kanu a me nā ʻāpana o ka mea kanu o lalo. ʻO nā pae mai nā ʻano liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi e like me nā cloves i nā nati a i ʻole nā acorn.
Hiki i nā manu ke ʻai i nā hua me ka pūpū paʻakikī a me nā hua berena ʻawahia i nā kānaka. I ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo a me ka puna, lilo nā pua a me nā lau hou i mea nui i ka papaʻai. ʻohiʻohi hoʻonui ʻia. Hoʻololi ka nui o nā meaʻai i nā ʻāina. ʻĀkoakoa pinepine nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi a me kā lākou larvae i nā helu kupaianaha. No ka digestion, 1-5 mm o nā ʻiliʻili a i ʻole inā holo pono ʻole kēia, lawe ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā ʻāʻī a me nā iwi liʻiliʻi. I ka wā hānau, ale ʻo ka wahine i nā ʻiliʻili ʻiliʻili.
ʻO ka ʻimi no ka meaʻai ma ka honua ka nui. Hele kekahi manu i kekahi manawa i loko o ka hau hou a hiki i 30-35 cm hohonu. ʻOhi pinepine ʻia ka meaʻai i ke ʻano o nā mea liʻiliʻi, nā ʻāpana o nā huahana nui aʻe.
ʻO ka papaʻai nui o nā pheasants nā:
- na anoano;
- hua hua;
- ʻōpuʻu;
- palaoa;
- huaʻai;
- nā mea kolo;
- ilo:
- ʻenuhe;
- nahenahe;
- ʻūhini;
- larva;
- ʻalekiki;
- i kekahi manawa nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi;
- nā moʻo.
Loaʻa i nā Pheasants ka meaʻai i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi. ʻO nā mea kanu mahiʻai nui a nā manu e ʻai ai, ʻo ia ka palaoa, ka palaoa, ka palaoa a me ka olonā.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Manu Pheasant
He manu pili ka Pheasants. I ke kauwela, ʻākoakoa pū lākou, pinepine i nā hui nui, i ka ʻāina me ka puʻuhonua a me ka meaʻai. ʻO ka maʻamau ʻo ka wahi hoʻoilo nui ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka wā o ka pūnana. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia a hana like ʻia nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia i ka wā hoʻoilo a hiki i loko o 50 mau kānaka.
Neʻe iki kēia mau manu akā hōʻike paha i kahi ʻano neʻe e pili ana i ka loaʻa a me ka uhi o ka meaʻai. ʻIke ʻia ka neʻe pōkole ʻana i nā heluna o ka ʻākau, kahi e koi ai ke anuanu i nā manu e ʻike i nā kūlana haʻahaʻa. ʻOi aku ka palahalaha o ka hui i ka wā mua o ka puna ma mua o ka ʻoi; haʻalele mua nā kāne.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Hoʻohana ka manu i ka lepo no ka ʻauʻau ʻana, hoʻowalewale i nā huna o ke one a me ka lepo i loko o kona mau plumage e ka raking ʻana me kona nuku, ʻānai ʻana i kona mau wāwae i ka honua, a i ʻole ke hoʻoluliluli ʻana i kona mau ʻeheu. Kōkua kēia hana i ka wehe ʻana i nā hunaola epidermal i make, ka aila nui loa, nā hulu kahiko, a me nā pūpū hulu hou.
Noho nā pheasants maʻamau i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa ma ka honua a hoʻomaha i ka honua a i nā lāʻau. He holo wikiwiki lākou a loaʻa kahi hele hanohano. ʻOiai e hānai ana, mālama lākou i ka huelo i kahi ākea, a ʻoiai e holo ana, mālama lākou ia ma ke kihi o 45 kekelē. He pailaka nui nā Pheasants. I ka wā o ka haʻalele ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke neʻe ʻaneʻane i luna. Hoʻopuka pinepine nā kāne i ka uē ʻeʻeke i ka wā e haʻalele ai. Holo lākou ke hoʻoweliweli.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Pheasant manu nani
ʻO nā Pheasants he mau manu polygamous, aia kekahi kāne i kahi wahine o kekahi mau wahine. Hāpai lākou i nā kau. I ka wanaʻao (waena o Malaki a i ka mua o Iune), hana nā kāne i nā wahi hānau a i ʻole nā ʻaha. Pili kēia mau panalāʻau i nā panalāʻau o nā kāne ʻē aʻe a ʻaʻohe o lākou mau palena maopopo. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, ʻaʻole ʻāina wahine nā ʻāina. I loko o kā lākou harem ʻohana, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike i kahi hierarchy mana. Hiki i kēia harem ke loaʻa ma kahi o 2 a 18 mau wahine. He pilina monogamous kau kēlā me kēia wahine me hoʻokahi kāne o ka ʻāina.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: koho nā wahine i nā kāne kāne i hiki ke hāʻawi i ka pale. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi e makemake nā wahine i nā huelo lōʻihi i nā kāne a ʻo ka lōʻihi o nā pepeiao pepeiao a me ke kū ʻana o nā kiko ʻeleʻele ma nā kaula i hoʻohuli i ka koho.
Hoʻomaka ka pūnana ma mua pono o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā wahine e hoʻomoe i nā hua. Hāwele ka wahine i kahi kaumaha pāpaʻu i ka lepo i kahi mauʻu maikaʻi, e waiho ana i kahi mea maʻalahi i nā mea kanu. Hoʻokau pinepine ʻo ia i hoʻokahi hua manu i kēlā lā i kēia lā a kau ʻia nā hua he 7 a 15. Kū nā hua nui i ka wā e hoʻomoe ai nā wahine ʻelua a ʻoi paha i ka pūnana like. E noho kokoke ka wahine i ka pūnana, e hoʻouluulu ana i nā hua no ka hapa nui o ka lā, e waiho ana i ka paʻa i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi no ka hānai ʻana.
Hāʻule ka kaumaha nui o ka hānai ʻana i nā moa i ka wahine. Ma hope o kāna kūkulu ʻana i ka pūnana a hoʻomoe i nā hua, no ka wahine ke kuleana no ka hoʻokomo ʻana iā lākou. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hoʻouluulu ma kahi o 23 mau lā ma hope o ka waiho ʻia ʻana o ka hua hope. Ke pā mai nā moa, ʻo ka wahine wale nō ka mea mālama iā lākou. Uhi piha ʻia nā chicks me ka fluff ke hatching a me nā maka hāmama. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaka koke e hele wāwae a hāhai i ka wahine i nā kumuwaiwai. Ma kahi o 12 mau lā, hiki i nā moa ʻōpio ke lele a noho mau me ka wahine no 70 a 80 mau lā ma mua o ke kūʻokoʻa ʻana.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā pheasants
Hiki ke ʻimi ʻia nā pheasants makua ma ka honua a i ʻole i ka lele. ʻO kekahi o kā lākou ʻano hana i ka pane ʻana i ka makaʻu me ka hoʻi hope ʻana no ka uhi a i ʻole ka lele ʻana, a lele paha lākou, peʻe a holo paha e pili ana i nā kūlana. Hōʻike paha nā wahine i kahi ʻeheu haki i ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻohuli i kahi mea ʻino mai ka pūnana mai, a e noho mālie paha a noho mālie hoʻi. Ke alualu ʻia nā moa moa, ua lawe pinepine ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi i ka manawa. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kū ʻana i nā kūlana ʻino nui ke kumu o ka make ʻana o nā pīpī.
ʻO ka pāʻani holoholona nā kānaka he pilikia nui ia no nā pheasants. ʻAno maʻalahi lākou i ka wā e pūnana ana. ʻO ka nui o nā helu predation no nā pheasants e pili pili loa i ka luku noho ʻana. ʻO kēia no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka nohona i mea maʻalahi i ka mea pio i nā mea ʻaihue. I ka manawa ma mua, ʻo nā coyotes ka mea lawe nui i nā pheasants, akā i ka nānā ʻana i kā lākou ʻano no nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻohuli ka manaʻo o nā coyotes i kā lākou ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai ma nā ʻiole a me nā lāpaki.
ʻO nā mea ʻaihue maʻamau e hoʻouka kaua i nā pheasants makua a i ʻole ko lākou mau pūnana ʻo ia ka ʻalopeke maʻamau, ka iwi kuʻi a me ka raccoon. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka laulā ākea a me ke ʻano teritori o nā coyotes e alakaʻi i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau mammal, nā mea ʻinoʻino ʻoi aku ka luku.
ʻO nā predators kaulana o pheasants ka:
- ʻalopeke (Vulpes Vulpes);
- ʻīlio kūloko (Canis lupusiliaris);
- coyotes (Canis Latrans);
- ʻino pālua (Taxidea taxus);
- mink (Neovison Vison);
- weasel (Mustela);
- skunks onionio (M. mephitis);
- raccoons (Procyon);
- pueo aeto pueo (B. virginianus);
- nā buzzards ʻulaʻula (B. jamaicensis);
- buzzard ʻiʻo ʻulaʻula (B. lineatus);
- Upland Buzzard (B. lagopus);
- ʻO nā hawks a Cooper (A. cooperii);
- goshawk (A. gentilis);
- peregrine falcons (F. peregrinus);
- kahawai kahawai (C. cyaneus);
- honu pahele (C. serpentina).
ʻEkolu hapahā o nā pūnana, a me nā manu makua, koe wale no ka hopu holoholona, ʻeha ʻia e nā hōʻeha.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Pheasant ma Lūkia
Hoʻolahalaha nā pheasants maʻamau a ʻaʻole hopohopo iki ko lākou kūlana mālama. ʻO ka helu o nā kānaka ma ʻEulopa i koho ʻia ma 4,140,000 - 5,370,000 pālua, i kūlike i 8,290,000 - 10,700,000 mau mākua makua. ʻO ʻEulopa wale nō ka helu <5% o ka pae honua o kēia mau manu, no laila kahi manaʻo mua loa o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua he 165,800,000 - 214,000,000 oʻo, ʻoiai e pono ana ka hōʻoia ʻoi loa.
Hoʻolahalaha ka heluna kanaka i ka hapa nui o kāna pae, akā ke emi nei nā helu ma kahi o ka ʻāina no ka nalowale ʻana o kahi e noho ai a me ka hānai ʻana. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka heluna kanaka ma ʻEulopa. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā lehulehu hihiu e nā heluna nui o nā manu kī pua pio.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Ma Azerbaijan, aia nā subsistec talischensis e kokoke ana i ka make ma muli o ka nalo ʻana o kahi e noho ai a me ka hahai holoholona ʻole ʻole ʻia, a ʻaʻohe ʻike hilinaʻi e pili ana i ke kūlana o kēia manawa. Wahi a nā wānana mua, 200-300 wale nō ka helu.
Pheasant aia kahi laulā nui loa, a no laila, ʻaʻole e hoʻokokoke i nā waiwai o ka paepae no nā ʻano nāwaliwali e pili ana i ka nui o ka nui. ʻOiai ke emi nei ke ʻano kanaka, ʻaʻole manaʻo ʻia ka hāʻule e wikiwiki e hoʻokokoke i nā paepae no nā kūlana kanaka maʻalahi. Nui loa ka heluna kanaka a no laila ʻaʻole kokoke i nā paepae no ka mea nāwaliwali e ke ana o ka nui o ka heluna kanaka. Ma ke kumu o kēia mau anakuhi, loiloi ʻia ka laha ma ke ʻano he weliweli liʻiliʻi loa.
Lā paʻi: 20.06.2019
Lā hou: 07/05/2020 ma 11:40
