Manu nui ʻūlū ʻeleʻele kamaaina mai ka wā kamaliʻi. Ua lilo hou kēia holoholona i mea nui o nā moʻolelo kaʻao, nā moʻolelo a me nā moʻolelo o nā keiki. I nā hana he nui o ka gruse ʻeleʻele, hōʻike nā mea kākau i ke akamai, wikiwiki, akā ʻo ia maoli nō? Kanalua ʻole ʻo grouse ʻeleʻele kekahi o nā lunamakaʻinana hoihoi loa o ka papa manu. He mea kūpono ke aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ia.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Teterev
ʻO ka grouse ʻeleʻele kekahi manu i aloha nui ʻia i waena o nā kānaka. Ua mahalo ʻia ʻo ia no kāna mau hoʻomanaʻo kamaliʻi palupalu o nā moʻolelo kaʻao he nui, no kona helehelena maikaʻi a hoʻomanaʻo hoʻi, a he waiwai kūikawā i waena o nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona. Kāhea ʻia ʻo grouse ʻeleʻele ʻokoʻa: "kosach", "hazel grouse", "black grouse", "field grouse". I ka Lākina, like ka inoa o ka hulu e like me Lyrurus tetrix. ʻO ke kumu, nā inoa i hele mai i nā kumu ʻelua: ʻano helehelena a me nā ʻano lawena.
Video: Teterev
ʻO Kosach no ke kauoha o nā moa, ka ʻohana pheasant. He manu ākea ia e makemake e noho i nā wahi nahele a me nā ululāʻau. He mea maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo i kēlā holoholona. He kūkulu nui ko Grouse ʻeleʻele, ʻāʻī liʻiliʻi a me kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi. Hiki i kekahi mau mākua ke ulu ma mua o hoʻokahi mika ka lōʻihi. Pili ka Plumage i ke kāne kāne. ʻEleʻele ʻōniʻoniʻo nā kāne me ka shimmer a me nā kuʻemaka ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo nā wahine me nā kaha o ʻekolu mau kala: hina, ʻeleʻele melemele, ʻeleʻele (kokoke i ʻeleʻele).
ʻImi hoihoi: Mai nā ʻōlelo he nui i unuhi ʻia ka inoa ʻo "grouse" ma ke ʻano he "moa". A ʻaʻole kēia he mea kupanaha. Kūlike ka maʻamau o kēia holoholona me nā ʻano o ka moa home maʻamau.
ʻO nā grouse ʻeleʻele o nā mea ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa.
I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe ʻike kikoʻī i kā lākou helu, akā ʻike ka hapanui o nā ʻepekema ʻehiku:
- tetrix baikalensis;
- tetrix tetrix;
- tetrix tschusii;
- tetrix viridanus;
- tetrix mongolicus;
- tetrix britannicus;
- tetrix ussuriensis.
Loaʻa i nā subspecies nā ʻano noho ʻokoʻa, kekahi mau ʻokoʻa kūwaho. Ke hoʻoholo nei i kahi subspecies, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona o waho. No laila, ʻike ʻia nā pae hoʻohālikelike: ke degere o ka mahele o ka hulu keʻokeʻo ma waena o nā hulu lele a me nā hulu o ka huelo, ka nui o ke "aniani" ma nā ʻeheu o nā kāne, ke ʻano o ke kumu ma ka ʻāʻī o ka holoholona.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Manu ʻeke ʻeleʻele
Hiki ke kāhea ʻia ʻo Teterev i lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o kona ʻohana. ʻO ke kaulike o ka lōʻihi o ke kāne he kanalimakūmāwalu kenimika, ʻo ka wahine he kanahākumamālima mau kenimika. Eia naʻe, mamao loa kēia mai ka hale pule. I ke kūlohelohe, ua ʻike ʻia nā kānaka he nui aku ka nui - ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi mika ka lōʻihi. ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka paona - ma kahi o 1.4 kg. Maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo i ka wahine a me ke kāne. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne i ka nui a me ke kaumaha, a ʻo ka lua, ʻokoʻa nā holoholona i ke kala o kā lākou hulu.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO ke grouse ʻeleʻele i nā ʻano like ʻole me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o nā moa. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa. No laila, i loko o kēia mau manu, nā metatarsus, nā ihu i hulu piha, a i ka hapanui o nā subspecies hulu nā kumu o nā manamana lima.
ʻO nā kāne o kēia ʻano manu he ʻano hoʻomālamalama a hoʻomanaʻo hoʻi i ka helehelena. Hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ʻia lākou e kā lākou plumage ʻeleʻele me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo a poni paha. Eia kekahi, kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele nā kuʻemaka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻōpū ʻeleʻele. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā kāne ke kū o kahi "aniani" ma nā hulu lele. He kiko keʻokeʻo ia a noho i ka hapa nui o ka ʻeheu.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā wahine i nā hiʻohiʻona expressive. ʻO kaʻulaʻula o kā lākou hulu ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. Ua haʻi ke kino holoʻokoʻa i nā kaha transverse o brown, ʻeleʻele a hina. Huikau nā mea he nui i ka ʻeke ʻeleʻele wahine me ka capercaillie wahine. Eia nō naʻe, he "aniani" ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele wahine ma nā ʻeheu, kahi undertail keʻokeʻo.
He mau leo ʻokoʻa ko kā grouse ʻeleʻele kāne a wahine hoʻi. Ua like ka leo o ka wahine me ka leo o ka moa maʻamau. Hana like ʻo ia i nā leo me "ko-ko-ko". ʻO nā kāne, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, ʻōhumu no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻokoʻa i kahi leo nui, sonorous. Inā loaʻa ka makaʻu, hoʻōho nā kāne iā "chu-ish". Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke lohe pinepine i ke kaniʻeleʻele. ʻO lākou ke "kamaʻilio" nui wale i kēia manawa.
Ma hea e noho ai ka gruse ʻeleʻele?
Kiʻi: ʻaukā ʻeleʻele kāne
ʻO ka grouse ʻeleʻele he manu maʻamau. ʻO ka helu nui loa o nā manu e like me ia e ʻike ʻia ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia. I kēia mau wahi, kūpaʻa mau ka lehulehu. Loaʻa kēia ma muli o nā loli i ka ʻāina, ka loaʻa o nā meaʻai kūpono. Inā ma ke kūkulu ʻākau a me ka hema o ʻEulopa e noho ai nā grouse ʻeleʻele i nā wahi ulu lāʻau a me nā ululāʻau, ma ke komohana a ma ke kikowaena makemake lākou e noho i nā ululāʻau ma nā kuahiwi. ʻOiai ka nui o ka heluna kanaka, i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ʻEulopa, ua nalowale loa ka ʻaʻa ʻeleʻele. Ua hana ʻia kēia ma muli o ka hoʻololi i ke aniau a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kanaka ikaika.
Ma ʻAsia, hiki ke loaʻa kēlā mau manu i kekahi mau wahi o Kōlea ʻĀkau, Kina, Mongolia, Kazakhstan. Hoʻolahalaha nui kēia manu i Rūkia. Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā kūlanakauhale āpau, me nā hoʻokoe ʻole. Eia nō kekahi, noho ka poʻe heluna o ka wai ʻeleʻele i Ukraine, e koho ana i nā wahi me nā ulu lāʻau ma kahi kokoke i nā kahawai a me nā kahawai nui ma laila. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā manu ma Sakhalin, ma ka Crimea a me Kamchatka.
He mea hoihoi: he manu kamaʻāina ʻo Grouse. Eia nō naʻe, hana lākou i kekahi manawa i nā hoʻololi hou. Hele nui nā hipa manu i ka manawa like, maʻa mau ʻaʻole mamao loa mai ko lākou wahi noho. Pili wale ia ʻano relocations lehulehu me ka nele o ka meaʻai.
Ke koho ʻana i kahi e noho ai, alakaʻi ʻia kahi grouse ʻeleʻele e kekahi mau kumu: ka loaʻa o ka lawa kūpono o ka meaʻai, kahi aniau kūpono. Kūpono kūpono lākou i kahi aniau mehana a me nā wahi kahi e waiho ai nā ululāʻau kokoke i nā wahi ākea. Makemake nā holoholona o nā holoholona e noho i nā ulu ulu, nā ululāʻau, nā mauna, i nā awāwa o nā kahawai nunui a mamao ʻole paha mai ka ʻāina mahiʻai, kahi e hiki ai ke loaʻa mau kahi mea e pono ai. Hōʻalo kēia mau manu i nā ululāʻauʻeleʻele a nānā i nā wahi e ulu ai nā birch i ka nui.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka ʻāleʻele ʻeleʻele. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka ʻaihue ʻeleʻele?
Kiʻi: Grouse ʻeleʻele i Lūkia
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka papaʻai o ka grouse ʻeleʻele ka meaʻai mea kanu. ʻOkoʻa wale nō nā menus manu i ka puna, ke kauwela, ke nui nā hua hou, nā hua, nā mea kanu i waho.
I ke kau mahana, hoʻokomo ka papaʻai i:
- na anoano o na laau, mea ulu, mea kanu;
- inflorescences, pua a me nā ʻōpuʻu;
- lau o kekahi lau nahele, lau nahele.
- nā hua hou: cranberry, blueberry, blueberry, lingonberry;
- nā mea kanu palaoa: palaoa, millet.
ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā palaoa, ka palaoa, nā ʻeleʻele e hoʻopōʻino ai i ka mahiʻai a me nā māla mea kanu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia mau holoholona he manu nui. ʻAʻohe ʻai pinepine ʻo Grouseʻele i nā hua, makemake i nā hua, nā lau a me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe iā lākou. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻoi loa kaʻai o kēia mau manu. ʻAʻole lākou e lele i nā ʻāina mehana, no laila ua koi ʻia lākou e nānā no ka meaʻai ma lalo o ka mānoanoa o ka hau, i nā lāʻau. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻai nā ʻōpala ʻeleʻele i nā ʻōpuʻu, nā ʻōpuʻu, nā ʻumeke lāʻau. Kūleʻa lākou i ka birch, willow, aspen, alder. Pono e hoʻopili i ka papaʻai i nā hua juniper, pine cones.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o kā lākou digestion, ale nā mākua i nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi i ka wā o ka ʻai. Kōkua lākou i ka meaʻai e wili maikaʻi i ka ʻōpū, kōkua i ke kaʻina hana o ka digestion.
ʻOkoʻa ka papaʻai o nā pua o ka grouse ʻeleʻele. I nā lā mua o ko lākou ola, pono i nā moa ʻōpio i ka meaʻai momona i ka protein. No kēia kumu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā meaʻai holoholona i kā lākou papaʻai o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAi nā keiki moa i nā cicadas, bedbugs, spider, mosquito, caterpillars a me nā ʻano ʻelele ʻē aʻe i lawe ʻia mai iā lākou e ko lākou mau mākua. Ma ka oʻo ʻana, ʻo ka pono no ka meaʻai holoholona i nā grouse ʻeleʻele e emi mālie a laila nalo loa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Grouse ʻeleʻele i ka nahele
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ka grouse ʻeleʻele he manu kūmau. Noho lākou i ka panalāʻau like, e koho ana i nā wahi me kahi aniau akahai. Eia nō naʻe, kākaʻikahi kēia mau manu, akā aia kekahi mau manawa o ka neʻe nui ʻana. ʻAʻole maʻamau lākou. Akā, he noho hoʻokau. ʻO ke kumu nui o ia neʻe ʻana ka nele i ka meaʻai.
I nā makahiki wī a i ʻole ke loli ke aniau, ʻaʻohe lawa o nā meaʻai a nā manu. A laila neʻe lākou i nā hipa holoʻokoʻa i kahi ʻē aʻe kahi nele loa. Kākaʻikahi loa ke kumu o ka neʻe lehulehu ʻana o ka fluctuation i ka nui o nā holoholona. Hoʻonui nui ka lehulehu o ia mau manu i kekahi manawa. Hana pinepine kēia i kēlā me kēia ʻelima a ʻumi mau makahiki paha.
Mea hoihoi: hoihoi loa ʻo Tetereva e hoʻopakele iā lākou iho mai ke anuanu i ka wā hoʻoilo. ʻO kēia wale nō nā manu e hoʻohana i nā "keʻena" o ka hau no ka hoʻomehana ʻana. ʻO lākou iho e ʻeli iho i mau lua no lākou, kahi e peʻe ai i ka wā anuanu a me nā hau hau. Hele nā manu i waho e ʻimi wale i ka meaʻai.
Noho ʻo Grouse ʻeleʻele i nā ulu lāʻau, nā ulu lāʻau, nā mauna, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai kahi kumu wai. Noho lākou i nā hipa. Me ka nui o nā manu, maʻalahi ka wahi o kā lākou noho ʻana ma o ka namunamu nui ʻana. Hoʻokani pinepine ka grouse ʻeleʻele i ke kani, keu hoʻi i ke kau moʻo. ʻO nā kāne wale nō ke namunamu nui, a ʻo nā wahine wale nō ke kākoʻo i kēlā mele i kēia manawa. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau manu i ka honua. Piʻi nā manu i luna o nā kumulāʻau wale nō e ʻimi i nā meaʻai: nā hua, nā lau, nā ʻōpuʻu, nā ʻoka. Hoʻohana wale ʻia ka pō ʻohe ma ka honua wale nō.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo Grouse, ʻoiai ke ʻano nui o ko lākou kino a ʻano like me nā moa kūloko, he "flyers" maikaʻi loa ia. Lele maʻalahi kēia mau manu i ka lewa mai kahi ākea. Eia naʻe, lawe aku ka ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele mai ka honua i ka walaʻau, a mai nā kumulāʻau - aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: He ʻelua grouse ʻeleʻele
ʻO ka hoʻomaka o ke kau moʻa no ka ʻeleʻele paʻakikī e haʻalele. Hoʻololi maoli lākou i kā lākou hana me ka hoʻomaka o ka wela mua. I ka puna, alakaʻi ke grouse ʻeleʻele i kahi nohona ola, hīmeni pinepine a leo nui hoʻi. Kapa ʻia kēia wā ka hoʻomaka o ke au. Hiki mai ia i ka mahina o Malaki. ʻAʻole hiki ke inoa i ka helu kikoʻī, no ka mea, he ʻano koina koinae a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻāina nā wahi ʻokoʻa o ka noho grouse.
Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ke kaʻina hānau o kēia mau holoholona i nā kaʻina hana.
- ʻeleu ʻeleu. Me ka hōʻea ʻana o ka pūnāwai, ʻākoakoa ka ʻeke ʻeleʻele kāne i nā helu nui ma nā kihi o ka ululāʻau, kahi e kamaʻilio pū ai kekahi me kekahi. Hiki i nā kānaka he ʻumikūmālima ke ʻākoakoa i hoʻokahi wahi. ʻElua mau pule ka loiloi ʻana o ke kahe ʻana. I kēia hihia, he mau hakakā paha kā nā kāne a hakakā pū kekahi i waena o lākou iho;
- hoʻouluulu o ka wahine. Ma hope o nā kāne, hōʻea pū nā wahine i ka pūnaewele moena. Ma laila e hiki ai iā lākou ke koho i hoa no lākou iho. A laila paʻa nā manu, a haʻalele nā kāne i nā wahine, no ka mea ʻaʻole pono lākou;
- mea hana pūnana. Kūkulu nā wahine i nā pūnana ma ka honua, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai kahi o ka moena ʻana. ʻO ka pūnana o ka grouse ʻeleʻele he lua liʻiliʻi kahi e hoʻomoe ai nā wahine i nā lālā like ʻole, ka mauʻu, nā lau, nā hulu. Kūkulu ʻia ka pūnana i loko o nā nāhelehele o ka mauʻu, ʻupena;
- hoʻomoe a hatching o nā hua manu. Kau ʻia nā hua manu e nā wahine i ka mahina o Mei. Momona loa nā ʻaʻa ʻeleʻele. Hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻomoe i ʻekolu mau hua i ka manawa. Māmā nā hua me nā hua. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i nā hua manu ma kahi o iwakāluakūmālima mau lā;
- mālama keiki hānai. Mālama pū ka wahine i kāna keiki ponoʻī. Aia nā moa ma lalo o ka mālama a ka makuahine no ʻumi paha mau lā. Pale ʻo ia i kāna poʻe keiki mai nā mea hōkai a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe. ʻAi ʻo Chicks i ka meaʻai holoholona: nā larvae like ʻole, nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā ʻenuhe.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka gruse ʻeleʻele
Kiʻi: Teterev
ʻO ka manawa weliweli loa i ke ola o ka grouse ʻeleʻele ka ʻumi mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Aia i loko o kēia wā e hāʻule pinepine ai nā moa i nā mea ʻaihue. Ua hoʻouka ʻia lākou e nā ʻalopeke, nā puaʻa hihiu, nā martens. ʻAʻole hiki i kēia mau mea hōʻaiʻē ke ʻai i nā moa wale nō, akā i nā mākua pū kekahi. He weliweli loa nā ʻalopeke no ka gruse ʻeleʻele makua. Hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke loaʻa nā manu ma lalo o ka hau mahalo i ko lākou ʻaʻala.
Eia kekahi, hiki ke kapa ʻia nā lālā he nui o ka ʻohana weasel he mau ʻenemi. ʻO Sables kahi mea ʻimi ʻumeʻume aruse. Hoʻouka lākou i nā mākua a me nā ʻōpio. ʻAʻole makemake nui nā mea hoʻoulu hulu nui i ka ʻahaʻaina ʻana ma nā ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā goshawks ka mea weliweli loa iā lākou. Huli kēia mea ʻaihue i ke kahawai ʻeleʻele i loko o ka makahiki.
ʻOiai ke kū nei o kahi nui o nā predators e hoʻouka nei i nā grouse ʻeleʻele, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopili nui i ko lākou heluna kanaka. I ka nui nui aʻe, hoʻohuli ka poʻe iā lākou iho i ka emi o ka nui o nā holoholona. He ʻenemi kūpilikiʻi ke kanaka no nā ʻaʻa ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka hana hoʻokele waiwai kāohi ʻole ʻia, ka wao nahele, ka ʻimi holoholona - alakaʻi kēia āpau i kahi hōʻemi o ka nui o nā manu. I kekahi mau ʻāina, ua alakaʻi ia mau mea i ka nalowale ʻana o nā manu mai ko lākou wahi maoli.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Manu ʻeke ʻeleʻele
Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole nā mea like ʻole i ka heluna kanakaʻeleʻele.
- nā hana mahiai ʻeleu;
- wao nahele;
- hoʻouka kaua kolohe;
- ʻimi hopu ʻole ʻole ʻia;
- nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole i ke kau hoʻoilo.
ʻOiai ʻo kēia, nui ka heluna kanaka o ka grouse ʻeleʻele i kēia manawa. Hoʻonui a hoʻolaha lākou i ko lākou wahi maoli. ʻO kēia ka mea e ʻae ai i kēia mau manu e mālama i kahi helu kūpono a me kahi heluna paʻa i ka nui. I kēia manawa, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka grouse ʻeleʻele i ke kūlana: "Least Concern". ʻO kēia ka mea ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā holoholona i ka make i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.
I nā kūlana maikaʻi maʻamau, aia kekahi mau ʻano o kēia mau manu i ka makaʻu. I ka mea kikoʻī, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka grouse ʻeleʻele Caucasian. ʻO kona kūlana kokoke i ka palupalu. Hoʻohuli maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka helu o kēia ʻano e nā kumu ʻelua: hānai pipi, ʻaihue ʻaihue ʻole ʻia. E luku ʻia kahi heluna ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele Caucasian ma ka lima o nā mea ʻai holoholona a me nā ʻūlū o nā ʻīlio e kōkua ai i ka mālama holoholona. Ua koi ʻia kēia kūlana e noi i kekahi mau hana no ka pale ʻana o kēia holoholona. I kēia lā, pale ʻia ka grouse ʻeleʻele Caucasian ma ka ʻāina o nā mālama nui he nui.
ʻO Teterev - he lunamakaʻāinana nui nui o ka ʻohana moa, ka waiwai pio loa no nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona, kahi meʻe punahele mai nā moʻolelo kaʻao a nā keiki. He helehelena mālamalama, nani ko kēia mau manu, lele maikaʻi, loaʻa kahi ʻano hoihoi loa, kahi lehulehu i ka ʻāina o ko lākou wahi maoli. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka hopena o nā kumu maikaʻi ʻole, hoʻomaka ka emi iki ʻana o ka helu o kekahi ʻano o nā grouse ʻeleʻele. ʻO kēia ke kumu e pono ai i kēia mau holoholona e nānā pono mai ka poʻe.
Lā paʻi: 06/21/2019
Lā hou: 09/23/2019 ma 21:05
