Punawelewele - ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi a maikaʻi ʻole ia i ka helehelena, he mea ʻawahia. Kaulana ia no ka mea e ola ana ia ma lalo o ka wai, kahi a ia e kūkulu ai i kahi kope me ka ea. Ma muli o kēia, ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa ʻelua, kālā - mau kulu wai liʻiliʻi ma kona lauoho, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i ka lewa o ka dome, e hoʻomālamalama i ka lā a hana i kahi ʻālohilohi kālā.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Punawelewele
Ua kū ʻo Arachnids i kahi wā kahiko loa - ua ʻike ʻia ka laha fossil kahiko loa i loko o nā koʻo Devonian, a ʻo 400 miliona kēia mau makahiki BC. ʻO lākou ka mea mua i pae i ka ʻāina, i ka manawa like i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ko lākou hiʻohiona ʻano nui - ka lako spiderweb, a e like me ka manaʻo o kekahi poʻe ʻepekema, hiki ke ala aʻe i loko o ka wai.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka nananana, ʻo kona wahi ma ka ʻanuʻu evolutionary e hoʻoholo nui ʻia e ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pūnaewele - hoʻohana wale ʻia nā lāhui primitive wale nō no nā cocoons, e like me kā nā kūpuna mamao loa i hana ai. I ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā nananana, ua aʻo lākou e hoʻohana i ka pūnaewele ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe: e hoʻonohonoho i nā pūnana, nā pūnaewele, nā ʻōnaehana hōʻailona mai iā ia.
Video: Punawelewele Wai
Wahi a nā paleoanthologists, ʻo ia ka mea i haku ʻia o ka pūnaewele hei o ka wā Jurassic, a me ke ʻano o nā mea kanu pua, nā mea e loaʻa ai i nā ʻenekū nā ʻēheu a piʻi i luna i ka lewa - ua ʻimi lākou e pakele mai ka nui o nā ʻupena i hohola ʻia e nā nananana.
Ua lilo ke kūpale i mea hoʻoluhi a i loko o nā luku nui ʻelima, ke nalowale ka hapa nui o nā laha mai ke alo o ka Honua, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ola wale nō, akā hoʻololi iki hoʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ua ulu mai nei nā ʻano nūhou o kēia wā, me ka iʻa iʻa kālā: ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou mai 5 a 35 miliona mau makahiki, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi.
Ma ka liʻuliʻu, hoʻomohala nā spider, no laila ua hoʻomaka ka hana o kā lākou organal segmental ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa i ka holo ʻana o ka manawa, ua oki ka ʻōpū i ka ʻāpana, ua hoʻonui ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā neʻe a me ka wikiwiki o ka hopena Akā ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hapanui o nā moʻomeheu a me nā laha o nā nananana, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano kikoʻī, hoʻomau kēia hana.
Pili kēia i ka punawelewele - ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia no kekahi manawa ke kumu i puka mai ai ia, a ʻo wai hoʻi. ʻAneʻane paʻa loa ia i lilo lākou i laʻana o ka hoʻi i ke kai o ka arachnids ʻāina. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia ʻano e Karl Alexander Clerk ma 1757, loaʻa ka inoa ʻo Argyroneta aquatica a ʻo ia wale nō i ka genus.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: He mea ola weliweli nā punawelewele - no laila, ma hope o ka hū ʻana o ka lua pele Krakatoa, ʻoiai, me he mea lā, ua luku ka pele i nā mea ola āpau, i ka hōʻea ʻana i ka mokupuni, ʻo ka poʻe ka mea mua e hui me kahi punawelewele i wili i ka pūnaewele ma waena pono o kahi wao nahele ʻole.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Punawelewele, aka kālā
I ke kūkulu ʻana, ʻokoʻa iki ia mai nā spider maʻamau e noho ana ma ka ʻāina: ʻehā ona ā, ʻewalu maka a me nā wāwae. Aia nā lōʻihi o nā ʻāpā ma nā lihi: ua hoʻopili ʻia nā mea mua no ka lālau ʻana i ka meaʻai, nā mea hope no ka ʻauʻau - a maikaʻi ka iʻa iʻa i kēia hana.
Ma ka 12-16 mm wale nō ka lōʻihi, pili kokoke nā wahine i ka palena haʻahaʻa o ka laulā, a ʻo nā kāne i luna. No nā nananana, he kākaʻikahi kēia, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou wahine. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole ʻai nā wahine i nā kāne e like me ka nui o nā ʻano spider. ʻOkoʻa lākou i ke ʻano o ka ʻōpū: puni ka wahine, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kāne.
No ka hanu ʻana, hana ia i kahi huʻa piha me ka ea a puni ona. Ke pau ka ea, lana ia no kahi mea hou. Hoʻohui ʻia, i mea e hanu ai, loaʻa iā ia kahi mea hou ʻē aʻe - nā lauoho ma ka ʻōpū i lubricated me kahi wai wai.
Me kā lākou kōkua, mālama pū ʻia ka nui o ka ea, a ke puka aʻe ka nananana ma hope o kahi huʻa hou, hoʻopiha ia i ka manawa like i ka lako o ka ea i mālama ʻia e nā lauoho. Mahalo i kēia, manaʻo nui ia i loko o ka wai, ʻoiai he mea pono e lana i ka papa he mau manawa i ka lā.
Hiki i ke kala o ka nananana wai melemele-hina a melemele-ʻeleʻele. I kēlā me kēia hihia, he malu ke spider ʻōpio, a ʻo ka ʻelemakule ʻana, ʻo ka nui o ka pouli ʻana. I ka hopena o kona ola ua aneane ʻeleʻele loa ia - no laila he mea maʻalahi ke hoʻokū paʻa loa i kona mau makahiki.
Ma hea e noho ai ka nananana?
Kiʻi: Punawelewele wai ma Lūkia
Makemake ʻo ia i ke aniau akahai, a noho i nā panalāʻau o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia e waiho ana i loko - mai ka Moana ʻAkelanika a i ka Pākīpika. Makemake ʻo ia e noho i loko o ka wai kūpaʻa, ʻae ʻia hoʻi ia e kahe, akā lohi, ʻo ia hoʻi kona mau wahi nui nā kahawai, nā loko a me nā loko. Aloha nui ʻo ia i nā wahi i haʻalele ʻia, noho mālie, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka wai maʻemaʻe.
Makemake ʻia nō hoʻi e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka waihona i ka lau nahele - ʻo ka nui o ka nui, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka manawa e noho ai ka iʻa iʻa i loko, a inā aia, a laila pinepine ka nui o lākou i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻoiai hoʻonohonoho kēlā me kēia mea nona kahi pūnana ʻokoʻa. Ma waho, hiki i kahi noho o ka nananalaki ke ʻano like me ka pūnini a i ʻole ka bele liʻiliʻi - ulana ʻia mai ka pūnaewele a pili i nā pōhaku o ka lalo.
He paʻakikī loa e hoʻomaopopo iā ia no ka mea aneane aniani. Hoʻohui, hanu ia. Hoʻolālā ka punawelewele i ka hapa nui o kona manawa i kāna pūnana o ka wai, ʻo ia hoʻi no nā wahine - hilinaʻi a palekana ia, no ka mea, kau nā kaula hōʻailona i nā ʻaoʻao āpau mai iā ia, a inā he mea ola e kokoke ana, e ʻike koke ka nananana.
I kekahi manawa kūkulu ʻo ia i mau pūnana o nā ʻano like ʻole. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ʻo Silverling ma ke ʻano he holoholona holoholona. He kākaʻikahi kēia, akā hiki nō ia, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hoihoi no kā lākou pūnana a me ka ʻālohilohi kālā. Hiki ke mālama ʻia i kahi pūnawelewele i loko o kahi pahu liʻiliʻi, a e pono i kekahi mau mea i kahi aquarium piha.
ʻAʻole lākou e hakakā me kekahi, akā inā ua lako ʻole i ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke komo i kahi hakakā, a ma hope e ʻai ka mea lanakila i ka mea eo. Hoʻololi maikaʻi lākou i ka pio ʻana, akā pono lākou e hoʻonohonoho i kahi kaiapuni o nā mea kanu wai, a no laila e ʻike ʻia kekahi o lākou ma ka ʻili (a i ʻole nā kīloi hoʻolei) - pono kēia no nā spider e puka i ka ea.
ʻOiai ʻona lākou, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻouka i ka poʻe, hiki wale nō kēia inā pale ka spider iā ia iho - hiki i kēlā mau hanana ke loaʻa ka iʻa iʻa me ka iʻa, a manaʻo ʻo ia ua hoʻouka ʻia ʻo ia. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻāʻo ia e pakele mai nā poʻe, a maʻa mau, pane ʻoluʻolu nā panalāʻau i ko lākou alo.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka nananana wai. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka nananana?
Kiʻi: Punawelewele
Aia i ka papaʻai nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e noho ana i ka wai, eia kēia:
- nā mea kolo wai;
- larva;
- hoki wai;
- lele;
- kōkō koko;
- nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi;
- ʻaʻai iʻa.
I ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana, hoʻopili ʻo ia i ka mea i hoʻomāinoino ʻia me kahi cobweb e kāohi i kāna neʻe ʻana, hoʻopili i ka chelicera i loko ona a ʻimi i ka lāʻau make. Ma hope o ka make ʻana o ka mea pio a kū i ke kūʻē ʻana, hoʻolauna ia i kahi huna digestive - me ke kōkua ʻana, liquefy nā aʻa, a lilo i mea maʻalahi no ka iʻa lawaiʻa e omo i nā meaʻai āpau mai iā lākou.
Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻimi holoholona, huki lākou a ʻeli i nā pepelu make i lana i ka ʻili o ka wai - nā lele, nā makika a pēlā aku. ʻO ka pinepine, i ke pio ʻana, hānai ʻia ka punawelewele me lākou, hiki ke ʻai pū kekahi i nā kūpuna. Me ke kōkua o kahi pūnaewele e huki iā ia i loko o kāna dome a ʻai ʻia ma laila.
No ka hana ʻana i kēia, moe ʻo ia ma kona kua a hana i ka meaʻai me ka enzyme digestive, a ke palupalu ia, lawa ʻo ia iā ia iho, a laila hemo ka mea i lilo i inedible mai ka pūnana - mālama ʻia ia maʻemaʻe. ʻO ka mea nui, makemake nā mea ʻāhinahina e ʻai i nā hoki wai.
I ke kaiaolaola, waiwai lākou i ka mea luku lākou i ka larva o nā mea kolo weliweli he nui, e laʻa me nā makika, e pale ana iā lākou mai ka hoʻohua nui. Akā hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha, no ka mea e ʻimi lākou i ka iʻa iʻa. Eia nō naʻe, lilo ka palai palupalu i mea pio na lākou, no laila ke pāʻani nei lākou i ka hana o nā mea hānai kūlohelohe, a ʻaʻole hana ʻino nui i ka lehulehu o nā iʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻOiai he nui nā maka o ka nananana wai, ʻo ka hapanui o nā mea āpau i ka wā o ka huli ʻana ʻaʻole ia i hilinaʻi iā lākou, akā ma kāna pūnaewele, me ke kōkua e hiki ai iā ia ke ʻike i kēlā me kēia neʻe o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Punawelewele, e like me ka funnel
Hele ka iʻa iʻa i ka pō i ka hopu holoholona, akā hoʻomaha ka hapa nui o ka lā. ʻAʻole hele iki nā wahine mai ka pūnana koe wale nō e hoʻopiha i kā lākou lako ea - koe wale no ka hopu holoholona. Akā alakaʻi pinepine ʻia ia i ka passively, ʻaʻohe pili iki i ka pūnana, a ke kali nei a kokoke kahi mea pio.
ʻEleu aku ka hana a nā kāne a hiki ke neʻe aku mai ka pūnana a i kahi mamao a ʻumi mau mika i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻOiai noho pinepine lākou i loko o hoʻokahi mika a ʻelua paha, ma lalo o ka pale o kā lākou mau pūnaewele, mākaukau e pane i nā hōʻailona mai iā lākou i kēlā me kēia manawa.
Hiki iā lākou ke hibernate i kekahi i nā cocoons i ulana iā lākou iho, ai ʻole i nā pūpū mollusks ʻole. He mea hoihoi loa kā lākou mea ʻāhinahina e hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻoilo: huki lākou i ka ea i loko a hiki i ka lana ʻana, a laila hoʻopili lākou iā lākou i ka ʻāʻī a kolo i loko o ka pūpū.
Ke mākaukau ka pūpū, hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i ka hibernation - e mahana ia i loko no kahi punawelewele e ola a ʻo ke anuanu nui loa hoʻi. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā lepa e lana nei i nā mahina o ke kau - he hōʻailona hōʻoia kēia e ola ana ka iʻa iʻa i loko o ka waihona wai, no ka mea, ʻaʻole lana iki nā pūpū me kā lākou kōkua ʻole.
Ke hiki mai ka hoʻoilo, hāʻule ka duckweed, a hele pū ka pūpū i lalo me ia, akā mahalo i ka pūnaewele mānoanoa, ʻaʻole kahe ka wai iā ia, no laila kūleʻa ka moe kolo. I ka puna, puka mai ka mea kanu, a me ia pū ka pūpū, e ʻike nei i ka mehana, ala aʻe ka wahine kālā a puka i waho.
Inā maloʻo ke kauwela a maloʻo ka waihona, e nalo wale nā spider wai a hūnā i loko o lākou mai ka wela, e kali ana a loaʻa hou i loko o ka wai. A i ʻole hiki iā lākou ke lele i kahi cobweb i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi wai nui i hoʻomaloʻo ʻole. I kēlā me kēia hihia, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia lākou i ka make i kēlā mau hanana.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Punawelewele wai ma Lūkia
Noho lākou i nā hui, ʻoiai noho kēlā me kēia kanaka i kāna pūnana ponoʻī ma kahi mamao loa mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hakakā lākou me kekahi, akā i nā manawa kakaikahi, ʻike ʻia nā hihia o ka cannibalism. Hiki nō hoʻi kēia ke mālama ʻia i ke pio ʻana inā he nui nā iʻa kālā e noho ana i hoʻokahi aquarium.
Hiki i nā kāne o ke kāne like a i ʻole nā mea ʻokoʻa ke noho kokoke, no ka mea ʻaʻole makemake nā wahine o ka nananana wai e ʻai i nā kāne. Noho mau nā punawelewele i nā pālua, e hoʻokau nei i nā pūnana ma kahi kokoke o kekahi i kekahi. Hāpai nā wahine i ka pūnana.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai mehana, hana ka wahine e hāpai ana i nā hua manu i kahi lima i kāna pūnana: maʻamau ma kahi o 30-40 mau hua i loko ona, i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka nui - ma mua o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa haneli. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia i ka masonry mai ke koena o ka pūnana me kahi paku a laila pale iā ia mai nā mea komohewa, kokoke me ka haʻalele ʻole.
Ma hope o kekahi mau pule, ʻike ʻia nā spider mai nā hua manu - hoʻomohala ʻia lākou i ke ala like me nā mākua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. Mālama ka makuahine spider i ka mālama ʻana iā lākou a hiki i ko lākou haʻalele ʻana iā ia - hiki wawe kēia, ulu nā nananana i loko o ʻelua a ʻekolu wale nō pule. Ma hope o kēlā, kūkulu lākou i ko lākou pūnana ponoʻī, pinepine i ka waihona wai like.
ʻOiai i kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke huakaʻi, no ka laʻana, inā he nui nā kālā kālā i kahi i hānau ʻia ai lākou. A laila piʻi lākou i ka mea kanu, hoʻomaka i ka pae a lele i luna me ka makani a hiki i kahi kino o ka wai - a inā ʻaʻole e piʻi aʻe, hiki iā lākou ke lele i mua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ke mālama nei i nā spider liʻiliʻi i ka paʻa pio, pono e noho hou, no ka mea, ʻaʻole e liʻiliʻi kahi i loko o ia mea, a ʻai ʻia nō paha e ko lākou makuahine ponoʻī. ʻAʻole hiki kēia ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā nananawewe wai
Kiʻi: Punawelewele, a iʻa he kālā paha
ʻOiai he dexterous a weliweli lākou i nā holoholona no ka wai liʻiliʻi, nui ko lākou ʻenemi. ʻAneʻane ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i ka pūnana, akā ke hele nei i waho no ka hopu holoholona, makaʻu lākou iā lākou iho i lilo i waiwai pio - i kekahi manawa hiki kēia, a nalowale ka ʻohana i kāna mea nāna.
Ma waena o nā ʻenemi weliweli:
- manu;
- nahesa;
- rana;
- nā moʻo;
- iʻa;
- nā dragonflies a me nā meaola ʻānapae wai ʻē aʻe.
Eia nō naʻe, alo iki lākou i nā pōʻino ma mua o nā punawelewele maʻamau, ma muli o ka noho o lākou i ka wai. Maʻaneʻi, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea hoʻomake ʻāina he nui ke kiʻi iā lākou, akā hiki i nā iʻa ke ʻai iā ia - a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻowahāwahā ʻia kēia ʻōlelo hoʻoweliweli, no ka mea ʻaʻole pale ka pūnana mai iā ia.
Akā he palekana hilinaʻi ia i nā manawa he nui, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana o nā pae e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ana mai ia mea ʻaʻohe mea nui - mahalo iā lākou, ʻaʻole wale ka iʻa iʻa i ka hopu holoholona, akā ʻike pū kekahi e pili ana i ka hoʻoweliweli i ka manawa kūpono. No laila, ʻo ka manawa nui no nā mea ʻaihue e kāhāhā ai a hopu i kēia punawelewele ke huli ʻo ia iā ia iho, i kēia mau manawa ʻo ia ke pale ʻole.
Hoʻohana pinepine nā rana i kēia wale nō, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole e ʻōlelo he nui nā mea ʻāhinahina i hoʻopau i ko lākou ola i nā niho o nā mea ʻaihue - maʻamau ka mālie o ko lākou ola, no laila ʻaʻole lākou mākaukau e hoʻololi i kā lākou waihona no kahi nohona ʻoi aku ka pīhoihoi ma ka ʻāina.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻona ʻona ka Silverfish, akā ʻaʻole makaʻu no nā kānaka - maʻamau ka ʻulaʻula a me ka pehu ʻana ma ke kahua o ka nahu, a ʻo ia wale nō. Hiki i ke keiki a i ʻole kekahi kanaka me ka ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali ke luʻuluʻu, ʻinoʻino, a hoʻomāhuahua i ka nausea. I kekahi hihia, e hala nā mea āpau i hoʻokahi lā a ʻelua paha.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Punawelewele
Noho nā kolo wai i nā wahi nui o Eurasia, a hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma kēlā me kēia kino o ka wai, pinepine i ka nui. A ʻo kahi hopena, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano ma ke ʻano he hoʻoweliweli iki - a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe ona pilikia me ka nui o ka lehulehu, ʻoiai ʻaʻole helu ʻia.
ʻOiai, ʻo ka hōʻino ʻia o ke kaolaola i loko o nā kino wai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili i nā mea ola āpau e noho ana i loko o lākou, akā naʻe, ʻeha ka silverfish i kēia mea liʻiliʻi loa. Ma kahi liʻiliʻi, akā hiki i kēia ke hāʻawi ʻia i kā lākou mea pio, ma muli o ka nalo ʻana a hiki iā lākou ke koi ʻia e haʻalele i ko lākou wahi noho - nā ʻano ʻelima liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi hoʻi lākou e hemo.
No laila, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoholo i nā meaola ola i hoʻonohonoho nui ʻia, hoʻoweliweli ka luku i ka hapa nui o nā spider, me ka iʻa iʻa, kokoke i ka liʻiliʻi loa o nā mea āpau.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi: hānai ʻia nā kālā kālā i kekahi manawa i nā hale no ka mea hoihoi lākou e nānā: hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana maʻa me ka mākaukau i kā lākou pūnaewele, e hōʻike ana i nā "maʻalea" ʻano ʻē, a ke hana nei i ka hapa nui o ka lā - ʻoiai pili kēia i nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka mālie o nā wahine.
Eia hou, he unpretentious lākou: pono wale lākou e hānai a hoʻololi ʻia ka wai i kēlā me kēia manawa. Pono nō hoʻi e pani i ka ipu me lākou, i ʻole e hele a hele paha ka punawelewele i ka huakaʻi a puni kou hale e ʻimi ai i kahi nohona hou, a malia paha, he aha ka maikaʻi, lele i ke alanui a ulia pōpilikia ʻole ʻia.
Punawelewele, ʻoiai i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he mea ʻawaʻawa ia - he mea make ʻole kahi mea ola na ka poʻe, inā ʻaʻole e hoʻopā. He mea ʻokoʻa ia i ka ulana ʻana o kāna ʻupena i loko o ka wai, ola mau ia a ʻimi i loko o ia mea, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe ona lako hanu i hoʻopili ʻia no ka ola o ka wai. He mea hoihoi nō hoʻi ia i hiki iā ia ke hoʻolako i nā pūpū hakahaka no ka hibernation.
Lā paʻi: 19.06.2019
Lā hou: 25.09.2019 ma 13:33
