Nui loa ka ʻohana bluebirds, komo ʻoi aku ma mua o 5,000 mau ʻano butterflies, i kekahi manawa ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa kekahi i kekahi a noho i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole - mai ka equator a hiki i ka Arctic Circle. Pepeiao Blueberry he mau peʻa nani loa, hoihoi pū kā lākou pilina me nā naonao.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Pepeiao Blueberry
Pili pili ka ulu ʻana o Lepidoptera i ka ulu a hoʻolaha ʻana o nā mea kanu pua ma luna o ka honua.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka blueberry o kēia au i nā ʻano lāhui āpau i ka Neogene. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻepekema o ka ʻohana bluebirds i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1815 e W. Leach, ka inoa kumu ma ka Lākina ʻo Cupidinidae, a laila ua hoʻololi ʻia iā Lycaenidae.
Nui loa ka ʻohana, no laila hiki ke wehewehe pōkole i kekahi mau ʻano.
- ʻO ka blueberry ikar (Polyommatus icarus, i wehewehe ʻia e S. Rottemburg i ka makahiki 1775) ka mea ʻano maʻamau loa no Rūsia. He ʻūheu kona ma kahi o 15 mm wale nō. I nā kāne, loaʻa iā lākou i ka ʻōuli polū keʻokeʻo, i nā wahine, polū-ʻulaʻula;
- blueberry huelo lōʻihi - Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus, 1767), kaulana ʻo ia wale nō ka lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus. He ʻūheu liʻiliʻi hoʻi kona, hoihoi ia no kāna propensity e neʻe i kahi mamao - ʻaʻole ia he mau heluna mau loa;
- evenus coronata, i ho'ākāka ʻia e Hewitson i ka makahiki 1865, he butterfly tropical i hānau ʻia ma Central America. Kaulana ia no ka ʻēheu nui loa ma ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa he 60 mm, a me ko lākou nani: waiwai nui lākou, e like me ke kala azure lumine me ka palena ʻeleʻele.
He mea hoihoi: ʻo ka mea kākau ʻo Vladimir Nabokov kekahi mea entomologist a i kāna huakaʻi kaʻapuni ʻana iā ʻAmelika e ʻike i ka nui o nā ʻano kolo, e like me ka wehewehe ʻepekema o kekahi mau ʻano bluebirds.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Pepeiao Blueberry mai ka Red Book
Liʻiliʻi nā ana: ʻo ka ʻāpana eheu mau ma waena o 20 a 40 mm. I nā hihia kakaikahi, hiki iā ia ke kiʻi i ka 60, he ʻano maʻamau kēia no nā butterflies pāhūhū, nā ʻano liʻiliʻi e noho ana i ka ciate temperate. Ākea nā ʻeheu, e ʻae iā ʻoe e heʻe. ʻO kekahi mau nūnū he "huelo" ma ko lākou mau wēlau, akā ʻo ka hapanui o lākou ua poepoe ʻia, a ke pelu ʻia, kokoke lākou i kahi ʻano triangular, akā hoʻomalule ʻia. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā ʻēheu he polū, mai pale a ʻōlinolino, kala lani. Aia nā ʻāpana o ka ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo, a me nā kiko melemele.
Hiki i nā ʻeheu ke ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ke ahi. ʻOi aku ka mālamalama o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, no ka mea, hāʻule lākou iā lākou e ʻumeʻume i ka wahine, a koho wale ka wahine i kahi kāne. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā kiko ma nā ʻeheu o ka wahine e maʻa mau i ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ke ʻole.
Video: Pepeiao Blueberry
Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau kala, aia kekahi, no ka mea, he nui nā bluebirds, a ʻokoʻa lākou āpau: aia he keʻokeʻo-melemele, keʻokeʻo me nā kiko ʻeleʻele, hina me ka uliuli, a pēlā aku. ʻO ka inoa o kēia butterfly mai ka Icarus, ka mea pālahalaha i ko mākou ʻāina.
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao lalo o nā ʻēheu o nā bluebirds pena ʻia i loko o kahi waihoʻoluʻu pale - maʻamau ka hina a brown paha, e ʻae iā ʻoe e camouflage ma nā kumu lāʻau a i nā kumu lāʻau. Loaʻa iā lākou nā antennae clavate a me nā palp pōkole. ʻOkoʻa nō hoʻi nā kāne i ka hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻole ʻia o nā wāwae mua, neʻe lākou ma ka waena a me nā wāwae hope, akā i nā wahine ua hoʻomohala like ʻia nā pālua ʻekolu.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka butterfly blueberry. E nānā kāua i kona wahi e noho ai.
Ma hea e noho ai ka butterfly blueberry?
Kiʻi: Butterfly Blueberry Icarus
Makemake nui kēia butterfly i ka mehana, ke aniau o ka wā - kahi ʻāpana nui o kona laha i loaʻa wale i nā tropics, emi iki i nā subtropics, a i ka wahi akahai he mea paʻakikī ʻole ia i loko o ka ʻumi. Akā ʻo kēia ʻano, no ka laʻana, blueberry ikar, hiki iā lākou ke kū i nā loli wela nui a noho i kahi anu anuanu.
He ākea loa ka laulā a hoʻokomo i nā ʻāpana āpau o ka honua. ʻAʻole e launa me nā bluebirds koe wale nō ma ka Arctic a me ka Antarctic. ʻOiai noho iki kekahi mau laha i nā wahi mehana, nui ka nui o ko lākou lehulehu, keu hoʻi ma Central a me ʻEulopa ʻEulopa.
Makemake lākou i nā wahi hāmama, lā me nā kumu lāʻau a i ʻole nā kumulāʻau no ka noho ʻana. ʻO kēia nā kula, nā māla, nā aniani, nā lihi o ka ululāʻau, nā kapa o nā muliwai a me nā loko. Makemake nui ʻo Golubian Icarus i nā māla alfalfa, i loaʻa ma nā mea he nui.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi, akā ʻike pono ʻia nā bluebirds i nā wahi noho, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke noho i nā pāka a i nā māla paha. Noho ka helu nui loa o kēia mau butterflies i nā wahi pālahalaha, me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻena, ke emi nei ka like ʻole o nā laha a me nā alapine o nā butterflies, akā aia nō kekahi o lākou a hiki i 1,500 mau mika, loaʻa pū kekahi i nā kiʻekiʻe a i 3,300 mau mika.
ʻAʻole hele pinepine lākou i kahi mamao - hiki iā lākou ke lele i kahi wahi i ʻoi aku ka nani, akā aia ma loko o kahi mau haneli mau mika. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, lilo lākou ma luna a i ʻole kokoke paha i ko lākou ola pōkole.
He aha ka ʻai a ka butterfly blueberry?
Kiʻi: Pepeiao Blueberry
Hiki i nā ʻenuhe ke kumakaia i nā mea kanu like ʻole, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano. No laila, ʻoi aku ka ʻenuhe huelo huelo i nā lau o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā laʻalāʻau, a ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā maka he nui i ka buckwheat a me nā legume. Hiki i kekahi ke hana ʻino i nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole nā kumulāʻau.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻaʻole ʻai nā ʻenuhe blueberry āpau i nā mea kanu wale nō - hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka papa kuhikuhi me nā holoholona, a i ʻole ʻai wale nō iā lākou.
Aia ma waena o kā lākou mau mea i hōʻino ʻia:
- aphid;
- ilo;
- larvae ant;
- nā pepelu liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe;
- nā ʻenuhe ʻē aʻe, me nā ʻano like.
ʻAe, he laʻana maʻamau kēia o nā ʻenuhe predatory, a ʻoi aku kekahi manawa i loko o ka cannibalism - ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa lākou i nā larva o nā lepe ʻē aʻe he nui ʻole, ʻai ʻole a ʻai wale i nā lau.
Noho maikaʻi ka hapa nui o lākou i nā anthills, e koi ana i ka naonao e hānai iā lākou iho - hana lākou i kēia no ka wai o kā lākou momona lawe mai i ka nectar. He ʻokana pū kekahi kekahi e hana i nā leo e hoʻolohe ai nā nahenahe.
I ke ʻano o nā mākua, hānai nui nā bluebirds i ka nectar, a ma kēia ʻano ʻokiʻoki loa lākou: makemake lākou i ka clover ma mua o nā mea āpau, akā kokoke i kēlā me kēia pua e kūpono iā lākou. Eia kekahi, hiki iā lākou ke hānai i ka kohu o nā kumulāʻau a me nā hua pala, nā huna aphid a me nā lepo manu.
Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano o ka bluebill, a hiki i kekahi o lākou ke ʻai i nā huahana kupaianaha loa no nā butterflies: ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻumeʻume ʻia kekahi e ka meaʻai kēpau a me ka ʻaila.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Pepeiao Blueberry mai ka Red Book
Aloha lākou i ka lā a me ka mahanahana, a hana wale lākou i ke ao, a i ka pau ʻana, nānā lākou i kahi mehameha e noho ai i ka pō. I ke ʻano o nā mākua, ʻaʻole lōʻihi ko lākou noho ʻana, mai 3-4 mau lā a i 3 mau pule, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano. ʻO ia ke kumu, ʻoiai ʻo ka nui o ko lākou heluna kanaka, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mea maʻamau no ka urticaria.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ulu ka ulu i loko o ʻelua a i ʻole ʻekolu mau hanauna, akā ma nā wahi mehana ʻehā paha o lākou. ʻO ka hopena, hiki ke hālāwai me ka bluebie ʻaʻole wale ma ke kauwela, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o ka puna a me ke kauwela. Caterpillars of bluefishes, a i kekahi manawa pupae, hoʻokahuli: ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hana i kēia ma ke kumu o kahi mea kanu a i ʻole i kahi ʻōpala mahana, a i ʻole pololei ma ka honua, i kahi upena silika.
Hūnā kekahi mau nūnū i nā anthills, a hūnā paha iā lākou i nā hale malumalu i ka honua, no ka laʻana, i nā māwae. Kupaianaha nā ʻenuhe no ko lākou noho hoʻokahi a me ka malū, paʻakikī lākou e ʻike i nā mea kanu ma muli o ke kala i kūlike i nā lau - ʻaʻohe o lākou aka like o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, akā hiki ke hana hou i nā uaua.
Pili nui nā bluebirds i nā ants - pili lākou me lākou mai ka symbiotic a i ka parasite - kaukaʻi ʻia i ka ʻano o ka butterfly. Kupaianaha nō lākou no kēia, no ka mea, i loko o nā pepepe ʻē aʻe he nui, e laʻa me ka urticaria a i ʻole ka mauʻu lemi, ʻeha nā ʻenuhe mai nā ants, ʻoiai ʻaʻole makaʻu ka blueberry mai ko lākou ʻaoʻao - a, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, weliweli ia no lākou.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: butterflies Blueberry
Noho wale nā nūnū, pili i ka ʻāina: noho mau nā mākua ma kahi hoʻokahi i ko lākou ola āpau a makemake lākou e pale aku iā lākou: hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i nā nūnū a i ʻole nā nalo meli ʻē aʻe, e hoʻāʻo nei e kipaku iā lākou. I ka wā hānau, hoʻāʻo nā kāne e hoʻowalewale i kahi wahine, akā i kekahi mau manawa e hōʻike paha lākou i ka huhū iā ia.
Ma ke ʻano he kolo o ka metamorphosis piha, hele ka blueberry ma o ʻehā mau pae maʻamau. Hiki ke loli iki ko lākou lōʻihi a me ko lākou ʻano a me nā ʻano mai nā ʻano loli, a laila e noʻonoʻo iki ʻia pehea ka hānau a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mākua i ka blueberry punawai.
Hoʻomoe nā butterflies o ka hanauna mua i kā lākou mau hua i ke kauwela kau, ka lua ma ka waena o ʻAukake. ʻO nā hua manu he 50-80, waiho ʻia kēlā me kēia ma ka lau a i ʻole ka hua hua e nā wahine o ka hanauna mua, a ma ka ovary o nā hua - o ka hanauna ʻelua. Hoʻomohala ka hua manu, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka wā, mai 3 a 7 mau lā - i nā lā anuanu ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi.
A laila ʻike ʻia kahi ʻenuhe, hiki iā lākou ke hānai i ka nui o nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole wale nā lau, akā me nā pua, nā ʻōpuʻu, nā hua - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o lākou, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka momona o ka momona. No laila, hiki i nā ʻenuhe o kēia laha ke lilo i pest pest inā ʻike lākou iā lākou iho ma nā currants, nā lāʻau ʻāpala, nā pears.
Hiki iā lākou ke launa me nā naonao, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hana mau i kēia - ua ʻōlelo nā kānaka noiʻi e hana wale kēia i ka ʻenuhe blueberry punawai ke loaʻa ʻole nā meaola a ma hope paha o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻike mai kahi mea ʻino. Ma hope o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau pule o ka hoʻomāhuahua ʻana o ka hānai ʻana, hānai nā ʻenuhe, a hoʻokahi pule ma hope e wāwahi ka pepe i ka cocoon.
ʻOkoʻa ke kūlana me ka lua, a i ʻole, ma kahi mehana, ke kolu o ka hanauna i ka makahiki: i ka manawa e ulu ai ka ʻenuhe i kahi nui kūpono, ua lilo ia i anuanu, a no laila hele i loko o ka hibernation, e koho ana i kahi mehana. I kekahi manawa pupates ia ma mua, hibernates pinepine i ka anthill.
Noho nā ʻenuhe o nā bluebird pili pili i ka naonao i nā anthills, a moe pono nā pupae i loko o lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili i nā lālā a i nā lau o nā kumulāʻau, a moe pono paha i ka honua. Ma hope o ke ʻano o nā ʻenuhe, pili ko lākou ʻano o ke ola i ke ʻano o lākou: lilo kekahi i nā manawa āpau a hiki i ka lilo ʻana i pupa ma nā mea kanu, hānai ʻana i nā lau a me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā mea weliweli.
Ua noho maikaʻi nā poʻe ʻē aʻe: no ka laʻana, waiho ka nūnū ʻo Alcon i kāna mau hua i kahi pua gentian. ʻO ka manawa mua a lākou e hoʻolilo ai i loko o ka pua, e hānai ana i kāna pulp, pale ʻia mai nā mea komo o nā mea ʻaihue, a hiki i ka wā e ʻānai ai lākou i kahi lua a puka i waho. Lawe ʻia i loko o ʻelua pule. A laila hele lākou i lalo a kali no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā naonao.
Mahalo i nā mea hana a lākou e hana ai, ʻaʻole lākou e kali lōʻihi: loaʻa koke iā lākou a lawe iā lākou i ka anthill. Ma laila lākou e ulu ai i ka palekana holoʻokoʻa, a laila pupate ma laila. Ua pale like nā bluebirds he nui iā lākou iho mai nā makaʻu o ka noho ʻana i ke ʻano o kahi ʻenuhe.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o bluebirds
Kiʻi: Pepeiao Blueberry ma ka pua
Nui lākou o lākou i nā pae o ka hoʻomohala.
ʻO kēia mau mea:
- manu;
- kiwi;
- nā moʻo;
- toads;
- punawelewele.
Hoʻoweliweli ka makaʻu i nā bluebirds i ko lākou ola a pau, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka wā hua manu - ʻaʻole hōʻike iki ʻia nā butterfly makua iā ia, hiki ke lele i kahi nui o nā mea ʻino. Akā ʻaʻole na kēlā me kēia: ʻo ko lākou ʻenemi nui ka manu, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki, hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā butterflies i ka lele koke ʻana, a i ʻole ke moe kali ʻana ke hoʻomaha lākou.
Hiki i nā pepelu ke alualu i nā butterflies: hana nā dragonflies iā ia i ka lele, kau nā spider i nā ʻupena ma luna o lākou, pale nā pale i nā pua. Akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻoweliweli no nā ʻenuhe: ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pakele mai kahi mea ʻino, a ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā manu like e hoʻouka iā lākou, no ka mea, pono e hopu i nā butterflies, a ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā ʻenuhe he nui kokoke loa kekahi i kekahi, a he nui nā mea o lākou e hiki ke ʻai ʻia i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā anuhe i meaʻai no nā keiki moa momona.
No laila, nui nā ʻenuhe o nā bluebirds i nā ʻano pale no ka mea he ola nui lākou: ʻo kahi laʻana, kau ʻana i nā hua ma luna o ka ovary o kahi pua, a laila e hūnā malū ʻia ka ʻenuhe mai nā mea hōkai i ka hapanui o ka manawa. A i ʻole ka launa ʻana me nā naonao, e ʻae iā ʻoe e hibernate maluhia a hoʻomōhala paha i kahi anthill.
Hoʻopau ka poʻe i ke ola o nā bluebirds ʻoi aku: ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻana o ke kaolaola a me ka nalo ʻana o ko lākou wahi noho, ua emi nui ka heluna kanaka o kekahi ʻano, a makaʻu lākou i ka make - ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea ʻino ke lawe mai i kēia.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Pepeiao Blueberry
Mahalo i nā hiʻohiʻona i hōʻike ʻia ma mua a me nā hana hoʻopunipuni i hōʻike ʻia i ka papa o ka evolution, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lehulehu o nā bluebirds: hoʻonui pinepine lākou, no ka mea ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā butterflies ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā larva keu i ke ʻano makua.
Nui nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia mai loko mai o nā ʻāpana āpau o ka bluebill - a aia ma kahi o 5,200 o lākou, hoʻokahi wale nō mea make loa i ʻike ʻia. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ka hapanui o nā bluebirds i loko o nā kūlana o kēia manawa, ke lilo ka hapa nui o nā pepepe i laha pinepine ʻia, a i ʻole loaʻa paha iā lākou iho ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka make.
Akā ʻaʻole pili kēia i nā mea āpau, no ka mea, he nui nā bluebirds ʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole ākea nā lāhui āpau a me kahi lehulehu, a no laila e hoʻoweliweli ʻia nei paha kekahi o lākou, ua helu ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka Red Book - pinepine wale nō ma kekahi mau ʻāina.
ʻIke hoihoi: Pupae o kekahi ʻano bluebill i ka pale leʻaleʻa mai nā mea hōkai - no ka laʻana, ʻo ka pupa o kahi huelo plum e like me ka lepo o nā manu - makemake kekahi poʻe e ʻeli i loko o ia! I loko o kahi ruble bluish, hūnā iā ia iho me he pupa ʻawahia o ka ladybug, kahi a ka mea ʻaʻa ʻole e hana maʻamau ai. A inā ʻoe e hoʻopā i ka pupa o ka huelo ʻoka, a laila e hoʻomaka ana e kolo.
Ka pale ʻana o nā butterflies o bluebirds
Kiʻi: Pepeiao Blueberry mai ka Red Book
Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi ʻano manu nūnū i loko o ka International Book Red, kahi helu nui aku i nā Red Data Book o kēlā me kēia mokuʻāina. ʻO nā kumu maʻamau no ka emi ʻana o ka helu o kēia mau butterflies ʻo ka nalo ʻana o kā lākou mau wahi noho ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale, hānai hana i nā wahi kahi e hoʻonui ai ka heluna kanaka, puhi i ka mauʻu a me nā hana kanaka ʻē aʻe.
No laila, mālama ʻia nā hana pale i ka mālama pono ʻana ma ka liʻiliʻi o kekahi o nā wahi noho o nā ʻano laha o ka blueberry. ʻOkoʻa ka hana o nā ana i pili i ka mokuʻāina, ʻike ʻia ka mea nui loa ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa.
I Lūkia, pale ʻia kekahi mau ʻano blueberry, me arion, marshmallow hanohano a me blueberry a Dāvida. Lawe ʻia nā ana e pale ai i ka luku ʻia o kēia mau ʻano laha ʻole: kahi ʻāpana nui o ko lākou heluna kanaka e noho nei i nā mālama a me nā wahi kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe i pale ʻia, kahi e hiki ai ke pale i ka emi hou ʻana o kā lākou helu.
ʻOi loa no lākou, ma nā panalāʻau o kēia mau mea, waiho ʻia nā kihi mauʻu ulu ʻole, nā ʻōpuʻu o oregano ma kahi kokoke i nā anthills, a ʻaʻole nō hoʻi e luku ʻia nā anthills. ʻO ka nui o nā hana i mālama ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā laha laha ʻole ka hilinaʻi nui ʻia i nā luna o nā wahi i pale ʻia nā bluebirds.
He ʻokoʻa loa nā bluebirds, keu hoʻi i nā tropika, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kēia mau lepe me ka nui o nā lau a me nā waihoʻoluʻu ʻēheu. I nā latitude mahana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o lākou, akā nui pū kekahi, a ʻo kēia mau mea ola pōkole e hoʻonani i ke kau mahana - ʻoiai ʻo kā lākou ʻenuhe i kekahi manawa e hōʻino i nā kanu moʻomeheu.
Lā paʻi: 18.06.2019
Lā hou: 09/23/2019 ma 20:28
