Kālika lei i noho me nā kānaka no nā kenekulia ma ke ʻano he holoholona a he manu hoahele punahele i kēia lā. ʻO kēia kahi manu huhū e koi ana i ka nānā nui. Eia nō naʻe, e leʻaleʻa ka leʻaleʻa leʻaleʻa a leʻaleʻa i ka mea nona ka mea hiki ke hāʻawi i ka manawa hou i ka manu me kāna mau ʻano kūʻokoʻa - ka nui o ka pāʻani a me ka hiki ke haʻi ʻōlelo. Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou e pili ana i kēia ʻano leʻaleʻa a kūpaʻa hoʻi, e heluhelu i ke koena o kēia ʻatikala.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻolokeʻa momi
ʻO ka inoa genus "Psittacula" kahi ʻano diminutive o ka Latin psittacus, i unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he "parrot", a ua ʻike ʻia ka inoa kikoʻī ʻo Crameri i ka makahiki 1769 ma muli o ka hopena o ka manaʻo o ka mea maoli-ʻInikalia-ʻĀtalia naturalist-ornithologist Giovanni Skopoli e hoʻomau i ka hoʻomanaʻo o Wilhelm Cramer.
ʻEhā mau ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻoiai ʻokoʻa iki.
- Nā ʻĀpana ʻApelika (P. k. Krameri): Guinea, Senegal a me Mauritania hema, hikina i ke komohana Uganda a me ka hema o Sudan. Noho ʻo ʻAigupita ma ke awāwa ʻo Nile, i kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia ma ke kapakai ʻākau a ma ka Peninsula ʻo Sinai. Ua hoʻomaka ka hānau ʻōpio ʻApelika i ka ʻIseraʻela ma nā makahiki 1980 a ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻano lūkū;
- Puka ʻāʻī ʻo Abyssinian (P. Parvirostris): Somalia, ʻĀkau ʻAtiopia a i ka mokuʻāina ʻo Sennar, Sudan;
- ʻO ka ʻāʻī ʻāʻī India (P. manillensis) ka mea maoli o ka ʻĀina Hema hema. Nui nā holoholona hihiu a kūlohelohe hoʻi a puni ka honua;
- Loaʻa ka parrot necklace neck (P. borealis) ma Bangladesh, Pakistan, ʻĀkau ʻo India, Nepal a me Burma. Loaʻa nā lehulehu i hoʻolauna ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa;
ʻAʻoleʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ke kumu o ka ulu ʻana o kēia ʻano a me nā ʻano o ka nohona o ka heluna kanaka e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ke kaiapuni o nā ʻāina ʻē kahi ʻōiwi. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia no nā heluna nui o nā heluna kānaka a pau i hoʻoiho nui ʻia mai nā ʻāpana ʻĀsia.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: momi momi i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO ka ʻelele kani India (P. krameri), a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī lei, he manu liʻiliʻi me ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 39.1 cm. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻololi i kēia waiwai mai 38 a 42 cm. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino ma kahi o 137.0 g. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻāpana ʻInia i nui iki aʻe ma mua o ʻApelika. ʻO kēia mau manu he ʻōmaʻomaʻo kino me ka nuku ʻulaʻula, a me kahi huelo kiko lōʻihi, kahi e noho ana ma mua o ka hapalua o ka nui o ke kino. Hiki i ka huelo a 25 cm ka lōʻihi.
Mea leʻaleʻa: Loaʻa i nā kāne o kēia laha kahi waihoʻoluʻu poni ʻeleʻele a puni nā ʻāʻī. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe o nā manu ʻōpio ke kala like ʻole. Loaʻa iā lākou ke hiki i ka wā ʻōpio, ma hope o ʻekolu mau makahiki. ʻAʻohe o nā lei wahine i ke apo o ka ʻāʻī. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i nā apo o ke aka mae a kūleʻa i ka hina a i ka hina hina.
ʻO ka parrot momi ka dimorphic moekolohe. Loaʻa i nā kānaka hihiu o nā kāne ʻelua ke ʻano ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻoiai hiki i nā kānaka hānau hānai ke hāpai i nā mutation kala, e like me ka polū, poni a me ka melemele. ʻO ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o kekahi ʻēheu mai 15 a 17.5 cm. I ka nahelehele, he ʻano walaʻau, non-migratory, nona ka leo e like me ka ʻūlū ʻana a me ke kani.
Wikiō: kākā momi
ʻO ke poʻo kokoke i ka hope o ke poʻo me kahi aniani bluish, aia nā hulu ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻāʻī, aia kahi kaula ʻeleʻele lahilahi ma waena o ka nuku a me ka maka. Hoʻopili kekahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele i ka ʻāʻī i ka semicircle, e hana ana i kahi ʻano "collar" e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ke poʻo a me ka kino. ʻUlaʻula ʻulaʻula ka nuku. Hinahina nā pā, me ka ʻalani ʻalani. ʻO ka lalo o nā ʻeheu he hina ʻeleʻele, e like me ka ʻike ʻia i nā manu lele.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻāʻī lei?
Kiʻi: hui o nā ʻāʻī lei
ʻO ka laulā o ka parrot kani ke ʻoi aku ka nui ma waena o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka Old World. ʻO kēia wale nō ka ʻoka ʻōiwi i hānau ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻelua o ka honua. I ka ʻāʻī lei ʻApelika, hele ka laulā ma ka ʻākau a i ʻAigupita, ma ke komohana a Senegal, ma ka hikina a ʻAitiopa, ma ka hema a Uganda.
Ma Asia, he ʻōiwi ia no ia mau ʻāina:
- Banagaladesa;
- Apekanikana;
- Kina;
- Butane;
- Inia;
- Nepala;
- Wiekanama.
- Pakitana;
- Sililanaka.
Ua hoʻolauna ʻia nā ʻoka momona i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa e like me Kelemania, ʻItalia, Pelekiuma, Nekelana, Pokukala, Slovenia, Sepania a me United Kingdom. Ua hoʻolauna pū ʻia kēia mau manu i nā ʻāina ʻĀkia Komohana e like me ʻIrana, Kuwait, ʻIraka, Israel, Lebanona, Suria, Saudi Arabia, a me Turkey. Iapana ma Asia Hikina. ʻO Ioredane ma ka Hikina Waena, a ʻo Qatar, Yemen, Singapore, Venezuela, a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Hoʻohui ʻia, nā ʻāina ʻApelika e like me Kenya, Mauritius, ʻApelika Hema. Ua neʻe pū kekahi mau ʻōuli a noho i nā mokupuni Caribbean o Curacao, Cuba a me Puerto Rico.
ʻO ka biotope maoli no Karela kahi ulu lāʻau. Akā hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia wahi me nā lāʻau nui. Hoʻopili maikaʻi nā lei o ka lei i nā kūlana kaona a me nā anuanu anuanu. Hāʻawi paha nā wahi kaiāulu iā lākou me nā mahana wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka loaʻa o ka meaʻai. Noho lākou i nā wao nahele, savannas a me nā wahi mauʻu, nā ululāʻau a me nā ululāʻau. Hoʻohui ʻia, noho nā manu lei i nā ʻāina pulu. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā māla mahiʻai a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
He aha ka ʻai a ka ʻāʻī lei?
Kiʻi: ʻolokeʻa momi
Ma kahi o 80 pākēneka o kaʻai a kēia manu i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka ʻanoano. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻai pū ka lei o ka lei i nā kolo, nā hua a me ka nectar. Noho kēia mau manu i nā wahi momona i nā hua, nā ʻanoʻano, nā hua, nā mea kanu, nā ʻōpuʻu a me nā huaʻai, i kākoʻo ʻia e nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe e like me ka palaoa, kulina, kope, nā lā, nā fiku a me ka guava. Mālama kēia mau meaʻai i nā manawa like ʻole, e kākoʻo ana i ka ʻoka ma loko o ka makahiki. Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka meaʻai, no ka laʻana, ma muli o kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi ʻole, hoʻololi ka pāʻā mai ka meaʻai maʻamau i hoʻonoho ʻia i nā mea kanu a loaʻa.
Hōʻalulu nā ʻohana nunui kani i ka wanaʻao e ʻahaʻaina ai i nā lāʻau hua i lawe nui ʻia a i ʻole ka palaoa i ninini ʻia. Lele aku nā holoholona hihiu i mau mile e mahi ʻai ma ka ʻāina mahiʻai a me nā māla ulu, e hōʻeha nui ana i nā ona. Ua aʻo nā manu iā lākou iho e wehe i nā ʻeke o ka palaoa a me ka laiki paha i nā mahiʻai a i nā hale kūʻai kaʻaahi. Hiki i ka nuku o ka hulu ke ʻoki maʻalahi i nā hua ʻili paʻa a hōʻike i nā nati paʻa paʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, e hoʻopau nā kākā lei i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole: nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā ʻāpala, nā ʻanoʻano, a me nā mea liʻiliʻi i hoʻomoʻa ʻia e hoʻopiha i ka protein. Pono e hōʻalo i nā ʻaila, nā paʻakai, kokoleka, ʻalekoke a me nā mea mālama ʻē aʻe.
I India, hānai lākou i nā hua, a i ka hoʻoilo, nā pi piʻo. Ma ʻAigupita, hānai lākou i nā mulberry i ka puna a me nā lā i ke kauwela, a me ka pūnana ma nā pāma kokoke i ka pua pua pua a me nā māno palaoa.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe pehea e hānai ai i ka ʻāʻī lei, e ʻike pehea e ola ai i kāna kūlohelohe.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻulaʻula neck Blue
ʻO nā manu walaʻau maʻamau a me nā manu mele ʻole e hoʻopili i nā hōʻailona kani laulā. He manu wiwo ʻole kēia e ʻumeʻume i ka nānā me ka ʻū mau. ʻO nā kākā lei e noho i nā pūnana o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, e hoʻohana ana i nā lua i hana mua ʻia e nā ʻano ʻē aʻe no ka pūnana ʻana. ʻO ka manawa pinepine kēia mau pūnana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no lākou iho e ka ʻāhiu i ʻike nui ʻia a me ka ʻāhiu ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ma ke kumu o ka hoʻokūkū, he paio nā kākā kani me nā ʻano kūloko e hoʻohana ana i nā wahi like me ko lākou pūnana.
Nā laʻana o nā manaʻo hakakā:
- nuthatch maʻamau;
- tit polū;
- tit nui;
- manu nūnū clintuch;
- starling maʻamau.
ʻO ka momi momi ka mea lawe lima, arboreal a me diurnal ʻano i kaiāulu nui, e noho ana i nā hui. He mea ʻokoʻa ke ʻike i nā manu kani wale a i ʻole nā hui pālua ma waho o ke kau hānau. No ka hapanui o ka makahiki, noho nā manu i nā hipa, i kekahi manawa ua helu ʻia he mau tausani mau kānaka. Hakakā pinepine lākou me ko lākou mau hoa hele, akā kākaʻikahi ka hakakā.
Hoʻohana ka hulu lei i kona nuku ma ke ʻano he kolu o ka wāwae ke neʻe i waena o nā kumulāʻau. Hoʻolahalaha ʻo ia i kona ʻāʻī a lālau i ka lālā i makemake ʻia me kona nuku, a laila huki i kona mau wāwae. Hoʻohana ʻo ia i kahi ʻano like i ka neʻe ʻana a puni kahi perch ākea. Ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia kona mau maka, āna i hoʻohana ai e ʻike i ke kaiapuni.
Hiki i nā kakaka kani ke hana i nā holoholona maikaʻi, nāno, akā inā mālama ʻole ʻia ko lākou pono, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i nā pilikia he nui. ʻAʻole kēia nā manu maikaʻi e ulu me nā keiki ʻōpio, ʻoiai makaʻala lākou i kēlā me kēia ʻano haunaele, me ke kani o ka pō.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻolokeʻa momi
ʻO ka momi momi ka manu monogamous i hānau ma kahi kau kikoʻī. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hui paʻa no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā ʻaʻole mau loa. I kēia ʻano, ʻumeʻume ka wahine i ke kāne a hoʻomaka i ka male ʻana. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻo ia i kona poʻo ma luna o kona poʻo, e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻohuli i ka manaʻo o ke kāne.
Ma hope o kēlā, hala mau ke kaʻina moina i mau minuke wale nō. Hoʻomaka ka wā moʻo o nā nūnū India i nā mahina hoʻoilo mai Kēkēmapa a Ianuali, ka waiho hua ʻana i Pepeluali a me Malaki. Hānau nā kānaka ʻApelika mai ʻAukake a Kekemapa, a ʻokoʻa paha ka manawa ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka ʻāina nui.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Hana ka manu i nā moa ʻōpio he nui i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ke waiho ʻia nā hua i loko o nā pūnana, hoʻi nā mea hānau o ka wahine i kahi kūlana hoʻemi a hiki i ka hana hou ʻana.
Aia nā pūnana ma ka awelika 640.08 cm mai ka honua. Pono lākou e hohonu a paʻa a ʻehiku mau hua. E waiho ana ka ʻāʻī lei i ʻehā mau hua i kēlā me kēia paʻa. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua i ʻekolu pule a hiki i ka paʻana o nā keiki ʻōpio. Loaʻa nā ʻano hānau hānau kiʻekiʻe o kēia ʻano, a hiki i ke ola kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻōpio a me nā mākua.
Hana ʻia ʻo Fledging ma kahi o ʻehiku mau pule ma hope o ka hatching. I ka makahiki ʻelua, lilo i mau moa kūʻokoʻa. Hiki i nā kāne ke ʻōpio i ka makahiki ʻekolu ke hoʻomohala lākou i kahi apo ma ko lākou ʻāʻī. Ua hele a moekolohe nā wahine i ka makahiki ʻekolu.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā kakā lei
Kiʻi: momi momi i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻōlapa me nā apo ʻulaʻula a puni ko lākou ʻāʻī, ʻo ia wale nō ka adaptation anti-predator a lākou e hoʻohana ai e hōʻike i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana me kahi leo "purring" palupalu. Ke lohe nei i kēia mau leo, hui pū nā ʻoka āpau i ka manu i hoʻouka kaua ʻia e kaua hou i ko lākou poʻe ʻenemi, e lele ana i ko lākou mau ʻeheu, e ʻū ana a e ʻuwā nei hoʻi a hoʻi ka mea hoʻouka i hope. ʻO ka predator hulu wale nō e pio i ka ʻāʻī lei ʻo ka hawk.
Hoʻohui ʻia, he mau manu ʻaihue kaulana kekahi i ʻike ʻia e kāpae i nā hua mai ka pūnana mai, eia kēia:
- ʻeleʻele hina (Sciurus carolinensis);
- kanaka (Homo Sapiens);
- ʻalalā (Corvus species);
- pueo (Strigiformes);
- nahesa (Nahesa).
Noho ka ʻāʻī lei i ka pō i kahi wahi kū ma nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, kahi e lilo ai lākou i mea maʻalahi i ka hoʻouka kaua. I nā ʻāina he nui kahi o ka parrot e hōʻino nui i ka ʻāina mahiʻai, ke hoʻāʻo nei ka poʻe e kaohi i nā lehulehu o ka pest lei. Hoʻoweliweli lākou i nā manu me nā kī a me nā kani mai ka leo leo. I kekahi manawa, kī kī ka poʻe mahiʻai huhū i kā lākou māla.
ʻO kahi hana kaohi maikaʻi loa ka lawe ʻana i nā hua mai nā pūnana mai. ʻO kēia ʻano hana make ʻole ʻoi aku ka nani i ka lehulehu i ka hoʻokele noho lōʻihi.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Mākala manu momi
Mai ke kenekulia 19, ua kūleʻa nā kākā lei i nā ʻāina he nui. Hāpai lākou i ka ʻākau aʻe ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hulu kuni kekahi o nā ʻano loli i hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi i ke ola i kahi wahi i hoʻopōʻino ʻia e nā kānaka, ua hoʻomanawanui lākou me ka wiwo ʻole i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a me ka wao nahele. ʻO ka noi no nā manuʻai manuahi me he holoholona a makemake ʻole ʻia i waena o nā mahiʻai ua hoʻemi i kāna helu i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka pae.
Ma ke ʻano he ʻano holoholona maikaʻi, ua pakele nā ʻoka parrot i nā kūlanakauhale he nui a puni ka honua, e like me ka ʻākau a me ke komohana o ʻEulopa. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano mea he palupalu e ka International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ʻoiai ke hoʻonui ʻia nei kona heluna kanaka a ke lilo nei ia i mea hoʻouka kaua i nā ʻāina he nui, kahi e hopena maikaʻi ʻole ai nā lāhui maoli.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: hoʻoweliweli nui nā lāhui kipi i ka biodiversity honua. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana a me nā hana hoʻomohala e hoʻonui i ka kū ʻana o ka mea nui ka mea nui i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻano hana e pili ana i ka hoʻouka olaola. Ma waena o nā manu, ʻo ka ʻelele kani (P. krameri) kekahi o nā lāhui kūlohelohe i kūleʻa nui, ke aʻa ʻana ma nā ʻāina he 35 a ʻoi paha.
ʻO nā kākā momi ka mea e moe ai i ka pō ma nā wahi maʻamau (ʻo ka maʻa mau kahi hui o nā kumulāʻau), a ʻo ka helu ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻoka e hōʻea ana i kēlā mau wahi he ala hilinaʻi ia e koho ai i ka nui o ka heluna kanaka kūloko. I nā kūlanakauhale he nui o ʻEulopa, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā lumi moe moa like ʻole: Lille-Roubaix, Marseille, Nancy, Roissy, Vyssus (Palani), Wiesbaden-Mainz a me Rhine-Neckar (Kelemānia), Follonica, Florence a me Roma (ʻItalia).
Eia nō naʻe, ma nā ʻāpana o ʻAkia Hema - no hea mai kālika lei, ke emi nei nā lehulehu o kēia mau manu ma muli o ka hopu ʻia no ke kālepa holoholona. Me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o kekahi poʻe e hoʻōla hou i ka lehulehu ma o ka hoʻokuʻu manu ʻana mai nā mākeke kūloko, ua heleleʻi nui ka heluna parrot ma nā wahi he nui o ka ʻāina ʻōiwi India.
Lā paʻi: 14.06.2019
Lā hou: 09/23/2019 ma 10:24
