Snipe kahi manu ʻike nui ʻia e hōʻike nui ʻia i nā holoholona o Lūkia. Hiki ke paʻakikī ke ʻike ma muli o kona kala ʻeleʻele pohihihi a me kona ʻano hūnā. Akā i ke kauwela, kū mau kēia mau manu ma nā pou o ka pā a piʻi i ka lani me kahi lele wikiwiki, zigzag a me kahi kani "makani" ʻano ʻē i hana ʻia e kā lākou huelo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i kēia manu liʻiliʻi ma kēia ʻatikala.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Snipe
ʻO ka snipe kahi ʻano o nā manu liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka 26 ʻano. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia kēia mau manu ʻane a puni ka honua, koe ʻo Australia. ʻO ka laulā o kekahi ʻano snipe ka mea i kaupalena ʻia ma Asia a me ʻEulopa, a ʻo ka Snipe Coenocorypha aia wale nō ia ma nā mokupuni mamao loa o Nūhōlani. I nā holoholona o Rūsia aia he 6 mau ʻano - snipe, Kepanī a me ʻAsikia snipe, wahie wahie, mauna mauna a me ka snipe wale nō.
Video: Snipe
Manaʻo ʻia he manu kahi hui o nā dinosaurs theropod i hoʻomaka ʻia i ka wā Mesozoic. ʻO ka pilina pili loa ma waena o nā manu a me nā dinosaur i mua i mua i ka makahiki ʻumikūmāiwa ʻumikūmāiwa ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka manu mua o Archeopteryx ma Kelemania. Hāʻawi nā manu a me nā dinosaur non-avian he nui i nā ʻano iwi kino ʻokoʻa. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā mōʻalihaku o nā dinosaurs non-avian he kanakolu a ʻoi aku me nā hulu e ola nei. Hōʻike pū nā mōʻalihaku hoʻi i nā manu a me nā dinosaur e kaʻana like i nā ʻano e like me nā iwi hollow, gastroliths i loko o ka ʻōnaehana digestive, pūnana, a pēlā aku.
ʻOiai ke kumu o nā manu i ka mōʻaukala he hihia kontroversial i loko o ka biology evolutionary, e hoʻopaʻapaʻa mau nei kekahi mau ʻepekema i ke kumu o nā manu dinosaur, e ʻōlelo ana i ka moʻokūʻauhau mai nā mea kolo kolo. ʻO ka ʻae kūkākūkā e kākoʻo ana i nā kūpuna o nā manu mai nā dinosaur e hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei i ke kaʻina kikoʻī o nā hanana evolutionary i alakaʻi ʻia i ka puka ʻana o nā manu mua i waena o nā theropods.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Snipe manu
ʻO nā Snipe nā manu hele liʻiliʻi me nā wāwae pōkole a me nā ʻāʻī. ʻO ko lākou nuku pololei, e ana ana iā 6.4 cm, ma kahi o ʻelua manawa ka nui o ke poʻo a hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Kaupaona nā kāne i ka awelika o 130 gram, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine, kaupaona ʻia ma ke kaona o 78-110 gram. ʻO ka manu he eheu o 39 a 45 cm a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 26.7 cm (23 a 28 cm). Hoʻohui ʻia ke kino me kahi lau ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha + mau kaha melemele-melemele ma luna a me ka ʻōpū mae. He kaha ʻeleʻele ko lākou e holo ana i nā maka, me nā ʻāpana māmā ma luna a ma lalo o ia. ʻO nā ʻēheu he kolu, kuhi.
ʻO ka snipe maʻamau ka mea maʻamau o nā ʻano like. Ua like loa kēia me ka snipe ʻAmelika (G. delicata), a hiki i kēia manawa i manaʻo ʻia he subspecies o ka snipe maʻamau (G. Gallinago). ʻOkoʻa lākou i ka helu o nā hulu huelo: ʻehiku pālua ma G. gallinago a ʻewalu pālua ma G. delicata. He ʻano lahilahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo hoʻi ko ka ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ʻano ʻē i nā ʻēheu. Ua like like lākou me ka Asiatic snipe (G. stenura) a me Hollow snipe (G. megala) mai East Asia. He paʻakikī loa ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia ʻano.
Mea hoihoi: Hoʻōho leo nui ʻo Snipe, ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa pinepine ai ka poʻe he keiki hipa. ʻO kēia no ka mea hiki i ka manu ke hana i kahi ʻano bleating i ka wā o ka moʻa.
ʻO ka snipe kahi manu ʻike nui ʻia. Ma ke poʻo, ʻeleʻele ka pāpale aliʻi me nā kahakai haikea ʻike ʻia. ʻO nā pāpālina a me nā pale pepeiao e hoʻomalu ʻia i nā kala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele nā maka. ʻO nā wāwae a me nā wāwae, he melemele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo hina.
Ma hea e noho ai ka snipe?
Kiʻi: Snipe i Lūkia
Aia nā pūnaewele pūnana Snipe ma ka hapanui o ʻEulopa, ʻAkau ʻAkau a me Siberia Hikina. Hāpai nā subspecies ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma Kanada a me ʻAmelike Hui Pū ʻia a hiki i ka palena ʻo Kaleponi. ʻO ka laulā o nā lāhui Eurasia e moe i ka hema ma Asia hema a i ʻApelika Waena. Hele lākou a noho i ka hoʻoilo ma nā wahi mahana o ʻApelika Waena. He kamaʻāina ʻo Snipe ma Irelani a me Pelekane Nui.
Loaʻa kā lākou wahi hānai kokoke ma waena o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, e hoʻonui ana i ke komohana a hiki i Norewai, ka hikina a hiki i ke kai o Okhotsk, a ma ka hema a waena o Mongolia. Hāpai pū lākou ma kahakai o Iceland. Ke ulu ʻole ka snipe, neʻe lākou i India, a hiki loa i kahakai o Saudi Arabia, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Sahara, ke komohana o Turkey a me ka waena o ʻApelika, mai ke komohana a i Mauritania a i ʻAitiopa, e hele ana i ka hema, me Zambia.
ʻO Snipe nā manu neʻe. ʻIke ʻia lākou i nā wahi wai wai hou a me nā wahi ulu. Mālama nā manu i nā nāhelehele maloʻo maloʻo ʻole, nā wai ʻole i kahe wai kokoke i nā kahua hānai. I ka wā hoʻoulu holoholona, loaʻa nā snipe ma kahi kokoke i ka wai hou a i ʻole nā bogs brackish, nā mānoanoa a me nā hiʻapoʻu, kahi e ulu nui ai nā mea kanu. ʻO ke koho ʻana o ka nohona i ke kau hoʻouluulu ʻaʻano like me ka mea i ka wā hānau. Noho pū lākou i nā wahi i hana ʻia e ke kanaka e like me nā laiki.
He aha ka ʻai a ka snipe?
Kiʻi: Snipe manu pupule
Hānai nā Snipe i nā hui liʻiliʻi, e hele ana i ka iʻa i ka wanaʻao a me ke ahiahi, i ka wai pāpaʻu a i ʻole kokoke i ka wai. ʻImi ka manu i ka meaʻai ma ka ʻimi ʻana i ka lepo me kona nuku loloa, e hana ana i nā neʻe percussive. Loaʻa i nā Snipe ka hapa nui o kā lākou meaʻai i ka pāpaʻu lepo ma waena o 370 m o ka punana. Nānā lākou i ka lepo momona e huli i ka hapa nui o kā lākou papaʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka invertebrates.
Mai ʻApelila a ʻAukake, ke palupalu ka lepo no ke kani ʻana me kona nuku, ʻo ka ʻai a ka snipe e komo pū me nā ʻenuhe honua a me nā ʻelala insect. Hoʻonohonoho kūikawā ʻia ka nuku o ka snipe e hoʻomaʻa i kēia ʻano hānai. ʻO kā lākou papaʻai i loko o ka makahiki e komo pū ana me 10-80%: ʻeneworm, ʻenekua makua, nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, gastropods liʻiliʻi a me nā arachnids. Pau nā mea kanu a me nā ʻanoʻano i nā mea liʻiliʻi.
Mea hoihoi: Ua hōʻike ʻia ke aʻo ʻana i nā fipe snipe ʻo ka hapanui o ka papaʻai nā ʻenuhe honua (61% o ka papaʻai e ke kaupaona maloʻo), nā ʻūlū o nā makika wāwae lōʻihi (24%), nā hika a me nā slugs (3.9%), nā larvae o nā butterflies a me nā pulelehua (3.7% ). ʻO nā pūʻulu ʻauhau ʻē aʻe, e helu ana ma lalo o 2% o ka papaʻai, e komo pū me nā piko ʻole nahu (1.5%), nā beetles mākua (1.1%), nā nūnū Rove (1%), nā ʻiʻo beetle (0.6%) a me nā spider (0.6 %).
I ka wā o ka ʻimi holoholona, hālau ka manu i kona nuku loloa i ka honua a, me ka lawe ʻole ʻana i waho, moni i ka meaʻai. ʻAʻau maikaʻi ʻo Snipe a hiki ke luʻu i ka wai. ʻAʻole hoʻohana iki ʻo ia i kona mau ʻeheu ke nānā i ka meaʻai, akā neʻe ma ka honua. Hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā ʻeheu e neʻe i nā ʻāina mehana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Snipe i ke kūlohelohe
Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻo Snipe i nā wahi pulu. He unpretentious ka manu a hiki nō hoʻi ke noho ma nā lepo lepo, kokoke i nā loko iʻa a me nā kahawai me nā mea kanu ulu lawa, kahi e loaʻa ai kahi hilinaʻi hilinaʻi nona iho. Aia i ka mamao mai nā pūnana i nā pūnaewele hānai, hiki i nā wahine ke hele wāwae a lele paha ma waena o lākou. Hele kēlā mau snipe e hānai ma waena o 70 m mai nā pūnaewele hoʻonohonoho, a ʻo ka poʻe i ʻoi aku ma mua o 70 m mai nā pūnaewele hānai e lele i mua a i ʻole.
Hoʻohui kūlike ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka hulu a ka manu me ke kaiapuni. ʻO kēlā ʻano camouflage plumage e ʻike ʻole i ka snipe i ka maka kanaka. Hele ka manu ma kahi pulu a nānā i ka lepo me kona nuku, e nānā ana me nā maka kau kiʻekiʻe. Holo kahi snipe hoʻopilikia i manaʻo ʻole ʻia.
Hoʻolilo ʻia ʻo Hoʻoilo i nā wahi mehana. Aia nā wahi hoʻoilo ma kahi o nā kino wai hou, ai kekahi manawa ma kahakai. Noho kolohe kekahi poʻe a i ʻole neʻe hapa paha. Noho ka hapa nui o nā kānaka no ka hoʻoilo ma ʻEnelani ʻoiai nā manu mai Scandinavia a me Iceland e hui pū me nā lehulehu e ʻoliʻoli i nā wahi kai i hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou me nā kumu waiwai a me nā mea kanu no ka pale. Lele lākou i nā hipa i kapa ʻia ʻo "kī". Ua lohi lākou i ka lele. ʻO nā ʻēheu he mau huinakolu kihi, a kihi ʻia ka nuku lōʻihi i lalo.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Snipe manu
ʻO nā Snipe nā manu monogamous, ʻo ia hoʻi hoʻokahi kāne kāne me hoʻokahi wahine i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kāne me ke ʻano koʻikoʻi a hoʻolohe paha. Makemake nā wahine e male me nā kāne kāne nui e noho ana i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, nā wahi i kapa ʻia ʻo nā kikowaena, aia ma ke kikowaena o ko lākou wahi nui.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻa: koho nā wahine i nā kāne ma muli o ka hiki i ka pahu. ʻO ka ʻōwili Drum kahi ʻano makani, a ʻo nā hulu o ka huelo o waho e hana i kahi kani kū hoʻokahi, ʻano kikoʻī.
ʻO ka wā hānau no ka snipe mai ka mua o Iune a i waena o Iulai. Hoʻomoʻa lākou i nā wahi i camouflaged e nā mea kanu, kokoke i nā kahawai. ʻO ka maʻa mau nā snipe e waiho i nā hua hua ʻoliva ʻehā me nā kiko ʻeleʻele eleele. ʻO ko lākou manawa hoʻoululu ma kahi o 18-21 mau lā. Ma hope o ka hua ʻana o nā hua, lawe he 15-20 mau lā ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā moa i ka pūnana a hele i kā lākou lele mua. Loaʻa nā Snipe i ke ʻano hānau ma hope o 1 makahiki.
I loko o ka wā incubation, ʻaʻohe pili iki nā kāne me nā hua manu ma mua o nā wahine. Ma hope o ka hoʻomoe ʻana o ka wahine i mau hua, hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o kona manawa e hoʻouluulu iā lākou. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻolilo nā wahine i ka nui o ka manawa i ka pūnana i ke ao e like me ka pō, ma muli o nā mahana haʻahaʻa i ka pō. Ma hope o ka hatch egg, mālama like nā kāne a me nā wahine i nā keiki ʻelua a hiki i ko lākou haʻalele ʻana i ka pūnana.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka snipe
Kiʻi: Snipe
ʻO ia kahi manu i kāmoe maikaʻi ʻia a huna ʻia e hūnā ma kahi kokoke i nā mea kanu i ka honua a lele wale i ka wā e hoʻokokoke ai ka pilikia. I ka wā e hemo ai, hana nā snipe i nā leo kūpilikiʻi a lele me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina o zigzags lewa e huikau nā mea ʻaihue. I ka papa o ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano manu, ua ʻike nā ornithologists i nā loli i ka helu o nā pā hānau a ʻike ʻia ʻo nā predators kaulana o ka snipe i ka honua holoholona.
- ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula (Vulpes Vulpes);
- manu ʻeleʻele (Corvus Corone);
- ermine (Mustela erminea).
Akā ʻo ka predator nui o nā manu kahi kāne (Homo sapiens), nāna e ʻimi i ka snipe no ka haʻuki a no ka ʻiʻo. Hiki i nā camouflage ke ʻae i ka snipe e ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona ma nā wahi pohopoho. Inā lele ka manu, paʻakikī ka poʻe hahai holoholona i ke kī ʻana ma muli o ke ʻano lele ʻole o ka manu. ʻO nā pilikia e pili ana i ka hopu holoholona snipe ua ala aʻe ka huaʻōlelo "sniper", ʻoiai ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania he mea hahai holoholona me ka mākaukau kiʻekiʻe ma ka pana pua a me nā kāmahu i lilo i sniper a i ʻole i pana ʻia mai kahi wahi huna.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "sniper" i hoʻomaka ma ke kenekulia 19 mai ka inoa Pelekania no snipe snipe. ʻO ka lele zig-zag a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka snipe i lilo ia i pahu hopu paʻakikī akā makemake ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea pana i hāʻule i loko o ia mea i manaʻo ʻia he virtuoso.
I ka hapanui o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, ʻo ka helu makahiki o ka hopu holoholona snipe ma kahi o 1,500,000 i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ka mea e lilo ai nā kānaka i mea hōkai nui no kēia mau manu.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Snipe manu
Wahi a ka papa inoa IUCN, ke emi nei ka nui o nā snipe, akā ʻo lākou nō ka lāhui "Least Concern". Wahi a nā kānāwai manu neʻe, ʻaʻohe kūlana mālama mālama kūikawā ʻo snipe. Noho paʻa nā heluna kanaka ma ka palena hema o ka hānau hānau ma ʻEulopa, akā naʻe, ke emi nei ka ʻano ma kahi o kekahi mau wahi (ʻo ia hoʻi ma ʻEnelani a me Kelemania), ma muli o ka kahe ʻana o nā māla a me ka hoʻoikaika i ka mahiʻai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli nui i kēia mau manu ka nele o ka wai ma muli o nā loli o ka nohona. ʻO kēia ke alakaʻi nei i ka hemahema o ka meaʻai no ka snipe. Hoʻohui, hele mai ka hoʻoweliweli mai ka poʻe ʻimi manu. Ma kahi o 1,500,000 manu e make i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma muli o ka huli holoholona.
Hoʻokomo wale ʻia nā hana mālama no nā snipe i ka hoʻolālā ʻEulopa, kahi i helu ʻia ai i nā Annexes II a me III o ka EU Birds Directive. Pākuʻi II ke hiki ke ʻimi ʻia kekahi mau ʻano i nā kau i kuhikuhi ʻia. Ma waho o ke kau hānau ka sniper holoholona wā. Papa inoa III papa inoa i kēlā mau hihia kahi e hiki ai i nā kānaka ke hana i ka pōʻino nui loa i ka lehulehu a hoʻoweliweli i kēia mau manu. Hoʻohui ʻia nā hana e mālama ʻia me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka kahe o nā wai wai wai waiwai a me ka mālama ʻana a hoʻihoʻi ʻana paha i nā wahi pā e pili pono ana i nā kahawai.
Ka lā paʻi: 10.06.2019
Lā hou: 22.09.2019 ma 23:52
