Noho nā Swift i nā hui liʻiliʻi. Aia ma kahi o 100 mau ʻano, i maʻa mau ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻohana a me nā ʻohana ʻehā. ʻO ia ka manu wikiwiki loa i ka honua a hilinaʻi nui i ka manawa. Wikiwiki hana ʻia no ka lewa a me ke kūʻokoʻa. Loaʻa lākou ma nā ʻāina āpau, koe wale nō ʻo Antarctica a me nā mokupuni mamao, kahi i hiki ʻole ai iā lākou ke kiʻi. I nā moʻolelo kahiko o ʻEulopa, ua kapa ʻia nā ʻūlū ma ke ʻano he "Birds of Devil" - ma muli paha o ko lākou hiki ʻole a, e like me nā pueo, ʻumeʻume lākou i ka nānā.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Strizh
He wikiwiki ʻo Swift i ka nui, ʻano like me ke ale, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā mea like ma waena o kēia mau pūʻulu ma muli o ka evolution evolution, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano nohona like e pili ana i ka hopu ʻana i nā pepeke i ka lele. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ko lākou ala i ka wā kahiko. ʻO ko lākou mau hoahānau kokoke loa nā manu hummingbirds o ka Honua Hou. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe kahiko he ʻōlulo lākou me ka wāwae ʻole. ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema ʻo Apus mai ka Greek Greek α - "without" and ποπ - "leg". ʻO ke kuʻuna o ke kiʻi ʻana i nā neʻe me ka wāwae ʻole i hoʻomau ʻia i ke Au waena, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai nā kiʻi heraldic.
Mea hoihoi: Pilikia ka ʻauhau ʻauhau, a hoʻopaʻapaʻa pinepine ʻia nā palena launa a me nā laha. Hoʻohālikelike ke kālailai ʻana i nā lawena a me nā leo leo e kekahi evolution evolution maʻamau, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻokalakupua ʻana i nā ʻano morphological a me nā kaʻina DNA i hana i nā hopena kānalua a me nā hakakā.
ʻO ka wikiwiki wikiwiki kekahi o nā ʻano i wehewehe ʻia e ka mea kūlohelohe Kuekene ʻo Karl Linnaeus i ka makahiki 1758 i ka ʻumi o kāna puke Systema Naturae. Ua hoʻolauna ʻo ia i ka inoa binomial ʻo Hirundo apus. ʻO ka genus Apus i kēia manawa i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka naturalist Italia Giovanni Antonio Scopoli ma 1777. ʻO ka mea mua o nā kikowaena o Central Europe, i noho i ka wā o ka hau i hala, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Apus palapus.
He wāwae pōkole loa ko ka poʻe Swift, i hoʻohana mua ʻia no ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻilikai kū i luna. ʻAʻole lākou i pae manawaleʻa wale i ka honua, kahi a lākou e hiki ai i kahi kūlana maʻalahi. I loko o nā wā o ka hānau ʻole ʻana, hiki i kekahi mau kānaka ke lilo i ʻumi mau mahina i ka lele mau.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: wikiwiki i ka lele
16 a 17 knm ka lōʻihi o ka wikiwiki a loaʻa i kahi eheu o 42 a 48 cm, e like me ka makahiki o ka specimen. He ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele lākou me ka ʻokoʻa o ka auwae a me ka puʻu, i hiki ke keʻokeʻo i ka kirimalu i ke kala. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao luna o nā hulu lele e ʻeleʻele brownish ʻeleʻele i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke koena o ke kino. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Swift e kā lākou hulu huelo akahai, nā ʻeheu crescent ʻololī a me nā leo ʻuwā kiʻekiʻe. Kuhi hewa pinepine lākou no nā ale. ʻOi aku ka nui o Swift, he ʻano ʻēheu loa kona a me ka diagonal lele ma mua o nā ale.
Loaʻa nā ʻano āpau i ka ʻohana Apodidae (wikiwiki) i nā ʻano morphological kū hoʻokahi, kahi "kapiki wāwae" i ka ʻaoʻao kahi e kūʻē ai nā manamana wāwae hoʻokahi a ʻelua i nā manamana wāwae ʻekolu a ʻehā. ʻAe kēia i nā lauoho lauoho maʻamau e hoʻopili i nā wahi e like me nā paia pōhaku, nā chimney, a me nā ʻaoʻao kū aʻe ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole hiki i nā manu ʻē aʻe ke kiʻi. Nānā like nā kāne a me nā wahine.
Video: Strizh
ʻAʻole hōʻike nā poʻe i nā loli kau a kau paha. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpio mai nā mākua e nā ʻokoʻa iki o ka momona o ke kala a me ke ʻano like, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka ʻeleʻele o nā ʻōpio i ke kala, a me nā hulu keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me kahi keʻokeʻo ma lalo o ka nuku ma ka lae. ʻIke ʻia kēia mau ʻokoʻa ma kahi kokoke. He huelo pōkole ko lākou a me nā ʻēheu lōʻihi loa e like me ka mahina puʻupuʻu.
Hana ka Swift i kahi leo uē i loko o ʻelua mau leo ʻokoʻa, ʻo ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa mai nā wahine mai. Hoʻokumu pinepine lākou i nā "ʻalalā" i nā ahiahi o ke kauwela, ke ʻākoakoa nā kānaka he 10-20 i ka lele e pili ana i kā lākou mau wahi pūnana. Kūkulu nā hui uē nui ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe, keu hoʻi i ka hopena o ka wā hānau. ʻAʻole maopopo ke kumu o kēia mau ʻaoʻao.
Ma hea e noho ai ka mea wikiwiki?
Kiʻi: Manu kūiki
Loaʻa nā wikiwiki ma nā ʻāina āpau koe ʻo Antarctica, akā ʻaʻole ma ka ʻākau loa, ma nā wao akua nui a i ʻole ma nā mokupuni kai. ʻO ka wikiwiki (Apus apus) hiki ke loaʻa ma nā ʻaneʻane āpau mai ʻEulopa Komohana a hiki i East Asia a mai ka ʻākau ʻo Scandinavia a me Siberia a i ʻApelika ʻĀkau, ka Himalayas a me Kina waena. Noho lākou i kēia pae holoʻokoʻa i ka wā hānau, a laila neʻe i nā mahina hoʻoilo ma ka hema o ʻApelika, mai Zaire a me Tanzania hema a Zimbabwe a me Mozambique. Hoʻonui ka pae kauwela o ka mahele mai Pokukala a ʻIlani ma ke komohana a Kina a me Siberia ma ka hikina.
Hāpai lākou i nā ʻāina e like me:
- Pokukala;
- Kepania;
- Ilelani;
- ʻEnelani;
- Moloko;
- Alekelia;
- Iseraela;
- Lepanona;
- Pelekiuma;
- Keokia;
- Suria;
- Kuleke;
- Lukia;
- Nolewai;
- Alemenia;
- Pinilana;
- Ukelena;
- Palani;
- Kelemania a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa.
ʻAʻole hānau nā Swift maʻamau i ka India Subcontcent. Aia ka hapa nui o ka nohona pūnana i nā wahi wela, kahi e loaʻa ai nā kumulāʻau kūpono no ka pūnana a lawa nā wahi ākea e ʻohiʻohi ai. Eia nō naʻe, lilo ka nohona o nā swift i tropical no kekahi mau mahina ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana i ʻApelika. Makemake kēia mau manu i nā wahi me nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā hale me nā ākea ākea, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i nā papa kiʻekiʻe e like me nā paia pōhaku a me nā paipu ma muli o kā lākou hana kino kūʻokoʻa.
He aha ka mea a ka wikiwiki e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Strizh
ʻO nā ʻūlili maʻamau nā manu lūlū a hānai wale i nā pepeke ākea a me nā spider, nā mea a lākou i hopu ai me ko lākou nuku i ka wā o ka lele. ʻĀkoakoa ʻākoakoa i ka puʻu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huahana salivary gland e hana i pōpō meaʻai a i ʻole bolus. ʻIke ʻia nā swift i nā pua o nā kolo, no ka mea kōkua lākou e hōʻiliʻili koke i ka meaʻai. Ua kuhi ʻia aia ma ka awelika he 300 mau inseka no kēlā me kēia bolus. Hiki ke loli kēia mau helu i ka nui a me ka nui o nā pio.
ʻO nā kolo i hoʻohana mau ʻia.
- aphid;
- ʻūpā ahi;
- nalo meli;
- naonao;
- nalo;
- punawelewele;
- lele.
Lele nā manu me nā nuku hāmama, hopu i nā pio e hoʻohana ana i nā maneuvers wikiwiki a lele lele wikiwiki paha. Hiki i kekahi o nā ʻano ke hoʻololi ke piʻi i ka wikiwiki o 320 km / h. Lele pinepine lākou ma kahi o ka wai e hopu i nā kolo e lele ana i laila. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka meaʻai no nā keiki hou i pāpale ʻia, hoʻomoe ka poʻe mākua i nā nalo i loko o kā lākou ʻāʻī puʻu elima. Ma hope o ka piha o ka ʻeke, hoʻi ka wikiwiki i ka pūnana a hānai i nā ʻōpio. Hiki i nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio ke ola i nā lā he nui me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana o ke kino a me ka nui o ka metabolic.
Mea hoihoi: Me ka ʻokoʻa o ka wā pūnana, hoʻolilo nā wikiwiki i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola i ka lewa, e noho nei i ka ikehu mai nā pepeke i paʻa i ka lele. Inu lākou, ʻai, hiamoe ma ka ʻēheu.
Lele kekahi kanaka no 10 mau mahina me ka pae ʻole. ʻAʻohe manu ʻē aʻe e hoʻolilo i ka nui o kona ola i ka lele. ʻO kā lākou wikiwiki lele palena palena he 111.6 km / h. I ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa, hiki iā lākou ke uhi he mau miliona mau mile.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Swift ʻEleʻele
ʻO Swift kahi ʻano manuahi o ka manu. Kūleʻa lākou, noho, neʻe, a ʻimi i nā hui i loko o ka makahiki. Hoʻohui ʻia, kū hoʻokahi kēia mau manu i ka hiki ke noho i luna no nā manawa lōʻihi. Noho pinepine lākou i ka lā āpau ma ka ʻeheu, pae wale wale nō e hānai i nā keiki ʻōpio a i ʻole hiamoe. Kuhi ʻia nā Swift maʻamau e lele ma kahi o 560 km i kēlā me kēia lā i ka wā o ka pūnana, kahi hōʻike no ko lākou kūpaʻa a me ka ikaika, a me ko lākou hiki i ka lewa kūleʻa.
Hiki i nā Swift ke hui a me ka forage ʻoiai i ka lewa. Makemake nā manu e lele i ka lewa haʻahaʻa i ka wā maikaʻi o ke aniau (ke anuanu, ka makani a me / a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe), a neʻe i kahi lewa kiʻekiʻe ke ʻoluʻolu ke aniau no ka hana lewa lōʻihi.
Mea hoihoi: I ʻAukake a me Kepakemapa, haʻalele nā wikiwiki iā ʻEulopa a hoʻomaka i kā lākou huakaʻi i ʻApelika. Maikaʻi loa nā māiʻi ʻoi i kēia lele ʻana. ʻOiai hatch nā pīpī ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana, hōʻike nā mea i ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole ola nā ʻōpio i ka huakaʻi lōʻihi.
Hiki i nā Swift ke pūnana i loko o nā lua puhi lāʻau i loaʻa i nā ululāʻau, e laʻa, e pili ana i 600 mau manu manu kūleʻa ma Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Hoʻohui, ua hoʻololi i nā swift i ka pūnana i nā wahi hana. Kūkulu lākou i ko lākou pūnana mai nā mea lewa i hopu ʻia i ka lele a hui pū ʻia me ko lākou lawai, i nā wahi o nā hale, i nā hakahaka ma lalo o nā puka aniani a ma lalo o nā ea, a ma loko o nā puka.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Piʻi wikiwiki
Hoʻomaka ka Swift e hānai mai ka makahiki ʻelua a hana pālua i hiki ke male i mau makahiki a hoʻi i ka pūnana like a me ka hoa mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka makahiki o ka hānau mua ʻana ma muli o ka loaʻa o nā pūnaewele pūnana. ʻO ka punana he mauʻu, lau, mauʻu, mauʻu, a me nā pua pua. ʻO nā kolone wikiwiki e komo i nā pūnana he 30 a 40, e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano pilina o nā manu.
Hāpai nā Swift maʻamau mai ka hopena o ʻApelila a i ka mua o Mei a me ka waena o Kepakemapa i ka wā i holo ai ka poʻe ʻōpio. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa loa o ka manu kona hiki ke hoa i ka lele, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke male i ka pūnana pū kekahi. Hana ʻia ka māna ma kēlā me kēia lā ma hope o ke kūpono o ke aniau. Ma hope o ke kūleʻa kūleʻa ʻana, kau ka wahine i hoʻokahi a i ʻehā mau hua keʻokeʻo, akā ʻo ka nui o ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana he ʻelua mau hua. Hoʻokū ʻo Incubation i nā lā 19-20. Pili nā mākua ʻelua i ka incubation. Ma hope o ka hatching, hiki ke hana i 27 a 45 mau lā hou ma mua o ka lele ʻana.
I loko o ka pule mua ma hope o ka hatching, wela ka lāʻī i ka lā holoʻokoʻa. I ka lua o ka hebedoma, hoʻomehana nā mākua i nā moa no ka hapalua o ka lā. ʻO ke koena o ka manawa, kākaʻikahi lākou e hoʻowela i ka masonry i ke ao, akā aneane uhi mau ia i ka pō. Pili pū nā mākua ʻelua i nā ʻano āpau o ka hānai ʻana i nā moa.
Mea hoihoi: Inā mau ka lōʻihi o ke aniau no ka manawa lōʻihi a i ʻole lilo nā kumu meaʻai i nā meaʻai, hiki i nā keiki moa i hiki ke lilo i semi-torpid, me he mea lā e hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hibernation, no laila e hōʻemi ana i ka pono o ka ikehu o ko lākou kino e ulu wikiwiki nei. Kōkua kēia iā lākou e ola me ka meaʻai liʻiliʻi no 10-15 mau lā.
ʻAi ʻia nā moa i nā pōpō o nā kolo i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e ko lākou mau mākua i ka wā o ka lele a paʻa pū ʻia e ka salivary gland e hana i kahi bolus meaʻai. Māhele nā moa liʻiliʻi i kahi bolus meaʻai, akā ke nui aʻe lākou, hiki iā lākou ke ale i kahi bolus meaʻai āpau iā lākou iho.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā neʻe
Kiʻi: ʻOwawe i ka lani
He mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe nā mākua Black Swift ma muli o kā lākou lele lele loa. Aia kekahi mau hihia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kēia mau manu. Kōkua ka pūnana rautaki i nā wikiwiki e pale i nā mea ʻino mai ka hoʻouka ʻana. ʻO ke kau ʻana i nā pūnana i loko o nā wahi hoʻomaha e hāʻawi i ka uhi kiʻekiʻe, a ke hui pū ʻia me ka ʻili ʻeleʻele a me nā hulu downy masking i nā moa ma luna, hāʻawi ia i ka pale no nā hoʻouka lele. I kekahi mau hihia, ua luku ʻia nā pūnana maʻalahi e nā kānaka.
ʻO nā hoʻohālikelike pale pale kū hoʻokahi, i mau kenekulia i hiki i nā manu ke pale aku i ka hapa nui o kā lākou mea kūlohelohe, e like me:
- leʻaleʻa (Falco Subbuteo);
- hawk (Accipiter);
- buzzard maʻamau (Buteo buteo).
Ke koho nei i nā pūnaewele hoʻomoe ma nā papa kiʻekiʻe e like me nā paia pōhaku a me nā chimneys he mea paʻakikī hoʻi ke alualu ʻana i nā Common Swift ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ke kiʻi ʻana i ka wahi punana. Kōkua pū ka pena maʻalahi i pale i nā mea ʻino no ka mea paʻakikī ke ʻike ʻia ke loaʻa ʻole i ka ea. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hoʻouka kaua ʻana e pili ana i kā lākou mau hua, i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e nā kānaka ma mua o ke kenekulia 21.
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka make ʻo Black Swift i ka make ma muli o nā kūlana kaiapuni paʻakikī. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka pūnana ma nā wahi pulu kahi mea weliweli i nā keiki hānai. Inā hāʻule ka kamaliʻi mai ka pūnana ma mua a lele paha i mua o ka hiki ke kū i kahi lele lōʻihi, a i ʻole holoi ʻia lākou me ka wai a i kaumaha ʻia paha ka hulu me ka momona. Hiki ke nalowale nā pūnana ma muli o ke kahe hālana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Manu kūiki
Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka nānā ʻana i nā heluna wikiwiki e ka paʻakikī o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pūnana a lākou e noho ai, a i kekahi manawa me ka mamao nui mai ka pūnana kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hānau, a pinepine hoʻi i ka nui o ka komo ʻana o nā mea hana ʻole i nā wahi o nā kolone hānai i waena o ke kauwela. Ma muli o ka hoʻomaka ʻole o ka wikiwiki i ka hānau ʻana a hiki i ka ʻelua o ko lākou mau makahiki, hiki i ka nui o nā poʻe hānau ʻole ke nui.
Ke mālama nei kekahi o nā hui kaiaulu e kōkua i ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā pūnaewele pūnana no ka wikiwiki, no ka mea ke emi mau nei ka helu o nā pūnaewele kūpono. Hōʻiliʻili pū lākou i ka ʻike heluna kanaka e hoʻāʻo e wehewehe i ke kūlana hānau o kēlā me kēia ʻano.
Nui ka laulā o kēia ʻano, a no laila ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokokoke i nā waiwai palena no nā ʻano ʻano Vulnerable e pili ana i ka nui o ka laulā. Nui loa ka heluna kanaka a no laila ʻaʻole kokoke i nā paepae no ka mea nāwaliwali e ke ana o ka nui o ka heluna kanaka. No kēia mau kumu, ua helu ʻia ka laha ma ke ʻano he lāhui ʻaneʻane make.
ʻOiai ua nalowale nā neʻe i kekahi mau wahi, hiki ke ʻike ʻia lākou i nā helu he nui i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ʻaʻole lākou hopohopo e pili ana i ke alo o ke kanaka, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole e hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā neʻe koke ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe lawa o ka ʻikepili o ka ʻumikūmālua mau ʻano.
Lā paʻi: 05.06.2019
Lā hou: 22.09.2019 ma 23:00
