Punawelewele karakurt ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea ola weliweli a ʻona hoʻi ma ka honua. ʻO ka inoa o ka nananana i ka unuhi he "ʻeleʻele". I ka ʻōlelo Kalmyk, ka inoa o ka lāhui he "wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele". Hoʻomaopopo pono iā ia iho a no ka hiki i ka wahine e ʻai kāne ma hope o ka male ʻana. No nā kānaka, pilikia nui nō hoʻi nā kolo, ʻoi aku nā wahine i oʻo i ka wā ʻōpio. Kūleʻa lākou e neʻe me ka wikiwiki.
Ua hōʻoia ʻepekema ʻo 15-20 mau manawaʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka lāʻau make o ke karakurt ma mua o ka lāʻau make o ka nahesa wela loa. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne kāne a ʻaʻole hiki ke nahu ma o ka ʻili kanaka a hana i ka ʻino. Pili pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano punawelewele me ka mysticism. Pili kēia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ʻekolu mau kiko ʻulaʻula ma ke kino o ka nananana.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Spider karakurt
Pili ʻo Karakurt i nā arachnids arthropod, he lunamakaʻāinana o ke kauoha o nā nananana, ʻo ka ʻohana o nā nalo kolo, nā wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele, kahi ʻano karakurt, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka genus.
ʻO ka manawa kikoʻī o nā kūpuna kahiko o nā spider o kēia ao - arachnids - paʻakikī loa e hoʻokumu, no ka mea ʻaʻohe o lākou pū, a hoʻopau koke ʻia ka papa chitinous. Eia nō naʻe, mālama ka ʻepekema a me nā kānaka noiʻi i kekahi manawa i kēlā ʻano loaʻa. ʻO ka hapanui o nā manawa, mālama ʻia nā koena o nā kūpuna kahiko o nā nananana i kēia manawa i ka amber. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea i loaʻa ke hana wale i ke kiʻi kūwaho o ka kūpuna kahiko o nā arthropods, akā e kiʻi pū i nā kiʻi holoʻokoʻa i ke ʻano o ka hana moʻa paʻa, a i ʻole ka ulana pūnaewele ʻana.
Video: Spider karakurt
ʻAe ʻia nā ʻike amber kahiko i ka ʻepekema e hoʻoholo e noho ana nā spider ma kahi o 300 - 330 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ma ka panalāʻau o Kina hou, ua hoʻokele nā ʻepekema e loaʻa nā mōʻalihaku o nā arthropods kahiko. I kēia mau mea i loaʻa, ua huli akāka loa nā kinona a me ke kinona o ke kino o nā kolo. Ma kēia ʻāpana i loaʻa ai ke koena o ka pūnawelewele attercopus fimbriunguis kahiko loa. ʻO ka lunamakaʻāinana kahiko o nā arthropods, he liʻiliʻi ia, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelima mau milimika, a me kahi huelo lōʻihi, aia ma kahi o ka hapalima o ka lōʻihi o ke kino.
Hoʻohana ʻia ia e nā pepeke e hoʻopae i nā pae pilali. Hoʻokaʻawale kūlohelohe ʻia lākou a hoʻohana ʻia e nā spider kahiko no ka uhi ʻana i nā lua, ka wahī ʻana i nā cocoons, a me ka ʻumeʻume ʻana i kēlā me kēia kāne o ka wahine ʻē aʻe. He ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ko ke kino o nā arthropods o ia manawa. Ma waho aʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi huelo, kahi i hala ʻole i nā mea kolo o kēia au, ua kīnā ʻole lākou i ke poʻo a me ka ʻōpū.
Maliʻa paha ʻike ʻia nā spider mua ma Gondwana. Me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o Pangea, ua hoʻomaka wikiwiki lākou e hoʻonui a noho ʻaneʻane i nā wahi āpau o ka Honua. ʻO nā makahiki hau ma hope iho ua hoʻēmi i nā wahi o ka arachnid habitat. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau mea kolo e kahi laha wikiwiki a loli. I ka hoʻomaka o ka Carboniferous, mālama lākou i ka lilo o ka mahele o ka cephalothorax a me ka ʻōpū. ʻ claimlelo nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ke koena o nā nananana, i hoʻi mai i 150-180 miliona mau makahiki, e ʻae iā mākou e hoʻoholo he ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o nā arthropods o kēlā manawa mai nā nūhou.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Spider karakurt ma Lūkia
I kēia mau ʻano punawelewele, haʻi nui ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ka awelika o ka nui o ke kino o hoʻokahi wahine ma kahi o 2-2.5 centimetre, a ʻo ka male kāne he 0.7-0.9 centimetri. Maʻalahi ka kolo e hoʻokaʻawale mai nā arthropods ʻē aʻe. ʻEleʻele ke kino a me nā lālā lōʻihi me nā ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻōpū. I kekahi mau arthropods, he palena keʻokeʻo paha ko lākou. Nalo pinepine lākou ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ka wā ʻōpio a ʻeleʻele ke kino.
ʻEhā mau pā o ka lōʻihi o ka arthropod ma nā ʻaoʻao a ʻelua o ke kino. ʻO nā hui mua mua a hope loa hoʻi. ʻOi aku nā pōkole ʻelua o nā lālā i waenakonu. Uhi ʻia lākou me nā lauoho kūikawā e ʻae iā lākou e kiʻi maʻalahi i ka mea i hopu ʻia i paʻa ʻia i nā kaula kolo viscous. Loaʻa i nā punawelewele kahi gland kūikawā e hana i ka lāʻau make ikaika loa. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia e paralyze a pepehi i nā kolo. Eia kekahi, me kāna kōkua, pepehi ka karakurt i nā rodents steppe liʻiliʻi, a noho ka lua ma hope.
Aneane moakāka nā nūnū liʻiliʻi hou. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ka molt mua, loaʻa ke kino i kahi malu ʻeleʻele, a ʻike ʻia nā pōʻai keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻōpū, aia i loko o ʻekolu lālani. Ma hope o kēlā me kēia molt ma hope, lilo ka kino o ka pepelu i mea ʻeleʻele a nui, a ʻulaʻula nā pōʻai. ʻO ka pinepine pinepine ʻana o ka nananana, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o kona oʻo ʻana. ʻO ke alapine a me ka nui o nā molts e pili ana i ka nui o ka lako o ka meaʻai. ʻO nā kānaka o ka moekolohe kāne pinepine, ma hope o ka ʻono a ʻehiku paha molt, hōʻoki i ka hānai nui ʻana a hoʻomaka e ʻimi i wahine wahine.
He mea leʻaleʻa: Kupaianaha, he koko polū ko karakurt. Loaʻa kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ka hemoglobin ʻulaʻula ke kuleana no ke kala o ke koko, akā ʻo hemocyanin, ka mea e hāʻawi i ke koko i kahi aniani polū.
Ma hea e noho ai ka nananawewe karakurt?
Kiʻi: Spider karakurt
ʻO nā wahi kūlohelohe kahi e ʻoluʻolu ai ka karakurt he steppes, ululāʻau, ʻāpana semi-wao akua. ʻO ka manawa pinepine hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻano arthropod ma kahi kokoke i nā awawa, nā puʻu hana, nā ʻāina mahi, i ka ʻāina o ka wao akua, nā wahi i haʻalele ʻia, a pēlā aku.
Makemake ʻo Karakurt e noho i nā wahi me kahi ʻano mahana, maloʻo. Ma muli o ke aniau hoʻomehana, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nohona spider. Ua lilo lākou i mea maʻamau i Crimea, Sevastopol, ʻoiai ma kekahi mau wahi o ke kapikala o ka Lūkini Hui.
Nā wahi hulihonua o ka nohona Karakurt:
- nā panalāʻau o ka ululāʻau steppe o ka Repubalika o Kazakhstan;
- steppes o ka moku Astrakhan;
- nā panalāʻau o ʻAkia waena;
- Apekanikana;
- ʻIrana;
- ke kapakai o ka Yenisei;
- ke kai Kaiwaenahonua;
- ʻEulopa Hema;
- ʻAmelike ʻĀkau;
- Crimea;
- ʻaoʻao hema o Rūsia.
Koho ʻia nā lua iʻa liʻiliʻi i wahi no kahi noho mau loa, i pepehi ʻia e nā lāʻau make ikaika loa. Hiki iā au ke noho i nā auwai maloʻo, nā pā i nā paia, nā nihi a me nā lua pele. Makemake nui lākou i nā wahi kūkulu ʻokoʻa, nā hale i haʻalele ʻia, kahi nui o nā wahi kaʻawale a hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia.
Hiki i ka hoʻololi i ke aniau ke hoʻokuke i ka neʻe. Makaʻu nā punawelewele i ke anuanu a me ka maʻū, a no laila, ke kau ke anuanu, haʻalele lākou i ko lākou mau hale e ʻimi ai i nā wahi mehana. I nā mānoanoa a i ʻole i kahi wahi hakahaka ma lalo o ka lā wela wela, ʻaʻole paha e hiki ke hālāwai me kēia ʻenekia weliweli. Hoʻopili pū ʻia ka lua o ka wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele hoʻopunipuni me kahi pūnaewele paʻa.
I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka nananana kaka, e ʻike kāua i ka mea a ka nananana e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka nananana karak?
Kiʻi: karakurt punawelewele ʻona
Hoʻokumu nā pepelu i ke kumu o ka papaʻai o nā nananana. E hopu iā lākou, ulana ka nananana i kahi pūnaewele, i kau ʻia ma nā lālā lāʻau, i ka mauʻu, a pēlā aku. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pūnaewele o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. He mea nui naʻe ʻaʻole viscous ka ʻupena spider, a no laila ʻaʻole e hiki i ka mea ʻeha i hāʻule i loko o lākou ke hele i waho. I ka hopu ʻana i kā lākou mea pio, hoʻowalewale mua nā punawelewele iā ia me ke kōkua o ka lāʻau make, a laila omo i nā wai o ke kino.
He aha ka mea lawelawe i kahua meaʻai no ka karakurt:
- lele;
- ʻīlio lio
- ʻūhini;
- ʻūhini;
- nalo;
- makika;
- ʻenuhe;
- ʻenuhe koko;
- nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā arthropods;
- nahesa;
- nā moʻo.
I nā hihia kakaikahi, ma ke ʻano he kumuʻai, hiki i nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi e komo i ka pūnaewele a ʻaʻole hiki ke puka i waho.
He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo he hiki i ka lāʻau make o kēia mau ʻanalā ke pepehi i nā holoholona e like me ka bipi, lio a kāmelo paha. ʻAe ʻoluʻolu wale ʻia ia e nā hedgehogs a me nā ʻīlio. No nā kānaka, pilikia nui ka mea make ʻino. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea ʻona loa i ka wā o ka male. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia a ʻo ka ʻona pū kekahi o ka punawelewele liʻiliʻi, ua lawa ia e make ai ke kanaka makua, kanaka ikaika. Loaʻa i ka lāʻau make ka hopena paralytic e hoʻoneʻe koke i ka mea i loaʻa i ka nananana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Spider karakurt ma Crimea
Makemake kēia ʻano arthropod ʻona i ka wā maloʻo, wela. ʻO ia ke kumu i kaupalena ʻia ai ka ʻāina o kā lākou wahi noho i nā ʻāina mehana, hema. I kēia mau lā, ua ʻoi aku ka pinepine o nā hihia o ka helehelena a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma ka ʻāina o ka Russian Federation. Ma aneʻi pilikia lākou i ka heluna kanaka, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe ʻike o ka poʻe e pili ana i ke kaiāulu me kahi pepeke weliweli. I ka manawa pinepine, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, hiki iā lākou ke komo pono i loko o ka hale o ke kanaka.
ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke kū i ka wela a me ka wela nui, a no laila, ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela nui i kekahi mau ʻāina, neʻe lākou i nā wahi ʻākau ʻē aʻe. Hoʻonohonoho nā punawelewele i ko lākou wahi moe i nā wahi hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia - nā lua o nā rodents liʻiliʻi, nā pā o nā paia paʻa, nā mānoanoa haʻahaʻa o nā mea kanu, a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Ua loaʻa i ka punawelewele i kona inoa kapakapa "wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele" no ka mea ua ʻai ka wahine i ke kāne ma hope o ka male ʻana. Eia kekahi, hana kēia i kēlā me kēia hoa ma hope.
ʻIke hoihoi: Ma ka ʻai ʻana i kā lākou mau hoa, loaʻa i nā wahine ka nui o ke protein i koi ʻia, e koi ʻia e nā keiki e hiki mai ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻoiai inā i loko o kahi ʻokoʻa maʻamau ka mālama ʻana o nā kāne i ka hopena kaumaha o ka ʻai ʻia ʻana, make mau nō lākou, no ka mea ua pau ka hoihoi i ka meaʻai a haʻalele ʻole i ka hoʻohana. Mālama ʻo Karakurt i kahi nohona huna. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka a hōʻeha paha ke ʻike lākou i ka weliweli.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Spider karakurt ma ka moku ʻo Rostov
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia ʻano arthropod e kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka momona. I kēlā me kēia 9-12 mau makahiki aia ka nui o ka hānau hānau o kēia mau ʻano ʻinoʻino. Hoʻomaka ke kau moʻo i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kau kau. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā hānau, nānā ka wahine i kahi mehameha. Hoʻolahalaha ke kāne i kahi cobweb i loaʻa nā pheromones kūikawā e ʻumeʻume i kēlā me kēia kāne o ka wahine ʻē aʻe. Ke ʻike nei i kahi hoa e hōʻike, hana ke kāne i kekahi mea e like me ka hulahula. Hoʻopili ʻo ia mai kekahi ʻaoʻao ai kekahi ʻaoʻao, wili i kona mau lālā.
Ma hope o ka moʻo ʻana, ʻai pono ʻole ka wahine i kāna hoa a hoʻomaka e ʻimi i kahi kūpono no ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua. Ke koho ʻia kahi, hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono ʻo ia iā ia me kahi pūnaewele, kahi e pālahalaha ai i nā kokolo. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka nuʻukia, ua make ka wahine. Mālama ʻo Cocoon i nā hua mai ka hōʻino a me ke anuanu. Inā pā ka makani ikaika i ke kau, haehae lākou i nā cocoons a hiki ke lawe iā lākou i kahi mamao loa, e hohola ana i kahi e noho ai nā nananana.
Mai ka manawa e waiho ai nā hua, ʻike ʻia nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma hope o ʻelua pule. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole wikiwiki lākou e haʻalele i ka cocoon, ke kali nei lākou no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka puna a me ka hoʻomehana. ʻO ka manawa mua lākou i loko o ka cocoon, aia lākou ma muli o nā mea momona i hōʻiliʻili ʻia. Ma hope iho, hoʻomaka lākou e ʻai kekahi i kekahi, ma muli o ka palekana o ka ʻōlelo ʻana e ʻike ʻia nā poʻe ikaika loa mai ka cocoon i ka puna.
Hoʻomau ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā spider i loko o ka wā kauwela-kauwela. I kēia manawa, hala kēlā me kēia kanaka mai 5 a 10 molts. Aia ka nui kikoʻī i ka nui o ka meaʻai a me ka wahine. Ua hoʻokahe ʻo Wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Uhi ʻia ke kino o ka nananalā me ka pūpū chitinous, ka mea e kaupalena ai i ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka arthropod. I ke kaʻina o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, hoʻolei ka karakurt i kona pū, e hoʻololi ana i kahi hou i ʻoi aku i ka nui o ka mea kahiko.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka nananā kolo
Kiʻi: karakurt punawelewele ʻona
ʻOiai ʻo ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ʻo karakurt kekahi o nā mea ola weliweli loa ma ka honua, he ʻenemi ko lākou i ko lākou wahi maoli. ʻO ka makaʻi nui loa iā lākou e nā ungulate gregarious, ʻoiai lākou e hehi wale i nā arthropods iā lākou iho i ka nui, akā ʻo kā lākou cocoons me nā hua.
Ma waho aʻe o nā holoholona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻo nā ʻenemi o nā spider nā ʻāpana sphex. Hoʻouka lākou i nā arthropods i kahi ʻano like. Loaʻa i nā wasps kahi gland kūikawā e hana i ka lāʻau make, a lākou e hoʻokomo ai i loko o nā nananana, immobilizing iā lākou. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻai mālie nā mea kolo i ka wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele.
ʻO kekahi ʻenemi o nā lāʻau ʻawaʻawa a weliweli hoʻi he poʻe hoʻoholo lio. Hoʻomoe lākou i kā lākou mau hua i loko o nā cocoons arthropod. Ma hope aku, ʻai nā lūlū i nā punawelewele liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole hiki ke nānā ʻole i hoʻokahi mau ʻenemi, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka nui o ka karakurt. Nā hedgehogs kēia. ʻAʻole makaʻu loa lākou i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana mai kēia mau mea kolo, no ka mea, pale ʻia lākou e ka pūpū me nā nila.
Hānai pū nō hoʻi nā punawelewele i kekahi ʻano o nā punawelewele ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā arthropods. Eia nō naʻe, pono lākou i ka dexterous a me ka wikiwiki i mea e loaʻa ai ka manawa e hoʻouka i ka wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele ma mua o ka manawa hiki iā ia ke hoʻopili i kāna lāʻau make. Eia nō naʻe, kākaʻikahi loa kēia, ʻoiai wikiwiki loa ke karakurt.
I kekahi mau wahi, nā hana a ke kanaka e pili ana i ka luku ʻia o nā rodents, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā insecticides o ke kumu kemika, e alakaʻi i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka karakurt.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Crimean spider karakurt
I kēia lā, hilinaʻi ka ʻepekema ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻoweliweli i ka heluna hata. I kekahi mau ʻāina, nui loa kā lākou helu, a ke hoʻonui mau nei ko lākou wahi noho i ka ʻākau. I nā wahi kahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai nā kolo, akā ʻike ʻia nā keʻena olakino olakino no ka manawa mua, pono lākou e mākaukau e hāʻawi i ke kōkua pilikia i ka poʻe i nahu ʻia e ka ʻāpana ʻawaʻawa o flora a me nā holoholona.
I kekahi mau āpana, kahi e hana nui ai nā spider, komo i ka hale, a i ʻole kokoke loa i nā kānaka, koi ʻia e hoʻohana i nā pono pale a kāohi iā lākou. Ke hoʻāʻo nei ka poʻe e pale i ko lākou home i nā ʻano ʻike āpau. He mea weliweli loa ka lāʻau make o nā arthropods no nā keiki, nā ʻelemākule, nā mea nāwaliwali nāwaliwali, a i ʻole nā mea maʻi maʻi āpau.
Aia ka paʻakikī i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ʻike mau ke kanaka i ka nahu o kahi kolo, a ma hope o 15-20 mau minuke mai ka manawa e komo ai ka mea ʻawa i ke kino, hoʻomaka nā hōʻike koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka loaʻa koke ʻana o ka lāʻau i ka mea i loaʻa a ʻimi ʻia ka lāʻau anticaracourt, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manawa o ka hoʻōla.
Wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele, a i ʻole spider karakurt ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea ʻona a weliweli loa ma ka honua. Eia nō naʻe, he mea pono e hoʻomanaʻo i ka kolo ʻole e lele i kahi kanaka i kāna hana ponoʻī. Kūʻē wale ʻo ia inā kokoke i ka weliweli.
Lā hoʻopuka: 04.06.2019
Lā hou: 13.10.2019 ma 19:25
