Pepeiao ʻalalā ʻO kekahi o nā butterflies diurnal maikaʻi loa i ko mākou latitu waena. ʻO ka pepeke, ma muli o ka sophistication a me ka exclusivity, ua manaʻo ʻia he waiwai i makemake ʻia no nā mea hōʻiliʻili a me nā ipo ipo. ʻAneʻane ʻike ka poʻe āpau i kēia mau mea kupaianaha. Hāʻawi ke kala ʻālohilohi a me ka nui nui i nā butterflies lokomaikaʻi a me ke ʻano ʻokoʻa.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Swallowtail Butterfly
No ka ʻohana Sailboat ka ʻohana Papilio machaon (mai ka Lat.Papilionidae). Ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻike e ka mea kūlohelohe Kuekene ma 1758 Karl Liney. Ua kapa ka biologist i ka butterfly ma hope o ke kauka Helene kahiko ʻo Machaon, ʻo ia ke kauka, kauka lapaʻau a hakakā no nā Helene i ke Kaua Trojan (1194 BC). ʻO ke kauka ke keiki a Asclepius (ke akua o ka hoʻōla) a me Epione.
Mea hoihoi: aia kekahi kaʻao i hoola ʻo Kauka Machaon i nā koa i hōʻeha ʻia i ke kaua. I ke kaua no Troy, ua hana ʻo ia i mea e loaʻa ai ka lima a me ka puʻuwai o Elena ka Nani. Akā, ke make ʻo ia i loko o kekahi o nā kaua, huli kona ʻuhane i kahi peʻahi melemele nani me kahi ʻano ʻeleʻele ma kona mau ʻeheu.
No ka lawa ākea o ka ʻāpana o ka ʻohana, a ʻike ʻia ka 37 mau ʻāpana o ka moth. ʻO ka mea maʻamau i waena o lākou:
- Orientis - hema o Siberia;
- Ussuriensis - Amur a me Primorye;
- Hippocrates - Iāpana, Sakhalin, nā mokupuni Kuril;
- Amurensis - kahawai o ka waena a me ka Amur haʻahaʻa;
- Asiatica - Central Yakutia;
- Kamtschadalus - Kamchatka;
- Gorganus - ʻEulopa waena, Caucasus;
- Aliaska - ʻAkau ʻAkau;
- Brutannicus Seitz - Pelekane Nui;
- Centralis - Kahakai Caucasian o ke kai Caspian, Kai Caspian ʻĀkau, awāwa ʻo Kura;
- Muetingi - Elbrus;
- Syriacus - Suria.
Aia kekahi mau ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ka ʻepekema i ka hapanui o lākou, e noʻonoʻo nei i nā ʻano kau wale nō, e like me ka poʻe nominative. ʻAʻole ʻae ka hilinaʻi o ka ʻēheu kala i ka mahana i nā manaʻo ʻauhau e hele mai i kahi manaʻo maʻamau, ma muli o ka hopena he hoʻopaʻapaʻa mau e pili ana i kēia kumuhana. Ma waho, ua like ka helehelena me ka moku peʻa Corsican a me ka moku peʻa ʻo Aleksanor.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Machaon
Mālamalama a nani ke kala o ka ʻohana ale - melemele a beige paha. Ma luna o kahi kumu o nā laina ʻeleʻele. Ua piʻi ka nui o ke kino i 10 mau kenimika i nā wahine a me 8 i nā kāne. ʻO ka ʻēheu mai 6 a 10 mau kenimika, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā subspecies. Ma nā kaʻe o waho o nā ʻeheu aia kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā kiko melemele e like me ka mahina.
ʻO nā huelo elongated ma nā ʻēheu hope, ʻaʻole pili i ka ʻōpū. Hiki i ko lākou lōʻihi a hiki i 10 millimeter. Ma nā ʻaoʻao, kūkulu ʻia nā ʻeheu e nā kiko polū a me nā melemele. Ma ka ʻaoʻao i loko o nā ʻeheu he "maka" ʻulaʻula. ʻO ke ola ola a 24 mau lā.
Wikiō: Swallowtail Butterfly
Hatch green ʻo Caterpillars me nā kaha ʻeleʻele kahi e nui ai nā kiko ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino ma ka hānau ʻana ma kahi o 2 millimeter. I ka mahele prothoracic aia kekahi gland-shaped gland, e hana ana i nā "pepeiaohao" ʻalani.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo "Horn" kahi pale mai nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Hāʻawi ke gland i kahi ʻala maikaʻi ʻole e kipaku aku ai i nā mea ʻino. Piʻi ʻia nā anuhe no ka hapa nui o ka lā. Hōʻike lākou iā lākou iho e like me nā huna manu i mea e ʻumeʻume ʻole ai ka maka o nā manu.
Hiki i ka Pupae ke hina a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha. Ke hibernates mau nei ka hanauna hope loa i ka pae pupal. Hānau ʻia kahi mākua i ka puna, ke hala nā hau. No ka hapalua hola mua, hoʻomaloʻo lākou i nā ʻeheu a hoʻoheheʻe, a laila lele lākou a puni ka wahi.
No laila ua noʻonoʻo mākou he aha ke ʻano o ka butterflyowowtail... I kēia manawa e ʻike ma kahi e noho ai ka butterfly Swallowtail.
Ma hea e noho ai ka butterfly?
Kiʻi: Swallowtail Butterfly
ʻAneʻane noho kēia ʻano i kēlā me kēia kihi o ka Honua. Hiki ke loaʻa nā insect ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma ka hema o India, ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau, ma nā mokupuni o ke Kai ʻInikia, ma loko o ʻAsia, ma ʻEnelani, noho nā moths wale nō ma nā ʻāina o Norfolk County a ma nā panalāʻau e moe ana mai ke Kai Arctic a i ke Kaiʻeleʻele
Pepeiao ʻalalā hiki ke noho i nā ʻano ʻaneʻane, kūpono i kēlā me kēia aniau. Ua hālāwai ka pepe i nā kuahiwi o Tibet ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 4500 mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Ua alakaʻi ʻia ia ʻano papa ʻāina i kahi papa inoa laulā o nā subspecies.
Makemake nā pepeke i nā ākea, no laila makemake lākou i nā kula, nā ululāʻau, steppes, māla, a me tundra i nā kūlanakauhale walaʻau hoʻohaumia. Hiki i nā pulelehua ke lele i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2.5 a 4 mau mika. ʻAʻole lākou e noho ma hoʻokahi mea kanu no ka manawa lōʻihi, no laila ua kāhea nā mea kūlohelohe iā lākou nā butterflies ikaika.
Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka laulā, hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau mea nani i ke kau kau, ma nā wahi hema, e ala ana nā ʻano mai Mei a Kepakemapa. Makemake ʻo Lepidoptera ʻaʻole e neʻe, akā e noho no ka hoʻoilo i ko lākou ʻāina ʻōiwi. ʻIke nui ʻia nā hōʻiliʻili nui ma nā ʻāina i kanu ʻia me nā kāloti, nā ʻano caraway, nā fennel, a me nā pi.
Makemake ʻo Subspecies Orientis i ke aniau hema, Asiatica - ʻākau, ua koho ʻo Gorganus i kahi mehana mehana. ʻO Brutannicus nā mea aloha i nā wahi pulu, ʻoiai ʻo Centralis lāua ʻo Rustaveli i koho i nā wahi mauna. Ma ke ʻano laulā, koho ke ʻano i nā wahi sunny me ka nui o nā pua.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka butterfly?
Kiʻi: Machaon
Ke hānau ʻia ka ʻenuhe, hoʻomaka koke ka mea kolo e ʻai i nā lau o ka mea kanu i kau ʻia ai ka hua. ʻAi ikaika ka ʻenuhe, e hana ana i kahi ikehu nui i kēia manawa. ʻO ka pinepine, lilo nā ʻano umbrella i meaʻai no nā laha i ke ala waena, e like me:
- Parsley;
- Dill;
- ʻO Caraway;
- Kāloti (hihiu a i ʻole maʻamau)
- ʻO Hogweed;
- Buteni;
- Angelica;
- Nā Prangos;
- Gorichnik;
- Fennel;
- Mea ʻoki;
- Seleri;
- ʻŪhā;
- Mea ʻoki;
- ʻO Girchovnitsa.
ʻAi ka poʻe noho o nā wahi ʻē aʻe i nā mea kanu o ka ʻohana Rutaceae - lehu ululāʻau, velvet Amur, nā ʻano like ʻole o ka lau holoʻokoʻa; Compositae: awaawa; birch: Alder o Maksimovich, Alder Kepani. I ka hopena o kona hoʻomohala ʻana, hoʻemi ka makemake o ka ʻenuhe a ʻaʻole ia e ʻai.
ʻAi nā mākua i ka nectar, e like me nā butterflies ʻē aʻe, mahalo i ko lākou proboscis ʻeleʻele lōʻihi. ʻAʻole pīhoihoi lākou e pili ana i ka meaʻai e like me nā ʻenuhe, no laila koho lākou ʻaʻole wale i nā mea kanu umbrella. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai na lākou, kipa nā pulelehua i nā pua like ʻole.
No nā mākua, ʻaʻole koi ʻia kahi nui o ka meaʻai, lawa kahi kulu o ka wai nectar na lākou, a kinai lākou i ko lākou make wai me ka hau o ke kakahiaka. Loaʻa i ka Lepidoptera nā mineral miner a pau e pono ai e kākoʻo i kahi meaola liʻiliʻi mai ka lepo i loaʻa ka paʻakai a i ʻole nā ʻōpala holoholona ʻē aʻe.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Swallowtail butterfly mai ka puke ʻulaʻula
Hoʻoikaika nā pepepe i ke ao. Pulu pū lākou i nā pua e mōhala wale i ka lā. Noho wale nā mākua i kekahi mau pule wale nō a, ma hope o ka momona (kāne) a kau i nā hua (wahine), make nā moths. ʻO ke kau kau wela mai Mei a Iune a i Iulai-ʻAukake, hiki ke loaʻa nā subspecies hema i Kepakemapa.
ʻO Swallowtail nā mea lawe lima nui. ʻOiai ke hānai nei i ka nectar, ʻaʻole lākou e pelu i ko lākou mau ʻeheu i mea e lele ai i kahi kekona. Lele ka poʻe i ka neʻe i nā kūlanakauhale a noho i nā wahi paka, nā māla māla, ma nā lau nahele i piha i nā mea kanu pua.
I mea e ʻike ai i nā kūlana noho maikaʻi loa a me nā wahi me kahi waihona meaʻai maikaʻi, mākaukau nā moth e huakaʻi i kahi mamao. Lawe ka hapanui o nā kānaka i ʻelua hanauna i ke ola, ma ka ʻākau o ka pae - hoʻokahi, ma ka hema - a i ʻekolu. Pili nā mākua i ka hoʻoulu a hoʻāʻo e ʻimi i kahi hoa i ka wā hiki.
Mea leʻaleʻa: he ʻano hana waha ko kēia ʻano ʻenuhe. Hoʻomaka lākou e ʻai i ka lau mai nā lihi. Ua hōʻea i ke aa waena, neʻe lākou i kahi aʻe. Kaumaha loa lākou. Akā, i ka manawa e pīpī ai kēlā me kēia kanaka, hoʻopau ʻia ka ulu. Pono ka moths i ka ikehu wale no ka lele a me ka hana hou.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Machaon Butterfly Caterpillar
Ma muli o ka hāʻawi ʻana o ke kūlohelohe i ka moni ale i kekahi manawa liʻiliʻi, hoʻomaka koke nā butterflies hānau e ʻimi no kahi hoa. ʻIke nā kāne i kekahi i kekahi mahalo i ka hana o pheromone, a lākou e hoʻokuʻu ai i ke kaiapuni.
I loko o kona ola pōkole, hiki i ka wahine ke waiho i nā hua he 100-200. Me kēlā me kēia ala, waiho ʻo ia i mau hua manu kinipōpō 2-3 o ke kala melemele māmā ma lalo o nā lau a i ʻole nā kumu o nā mea kanu. Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, ʻeleʻele nā hua a hoʻololi i ko lākou kala i ka ʻeleʻele.
Hoʻomoe ʻino nā wahine i hoʻokahi hua manu ma nā lau like ʻole o nā mea kanu e hāʻawi i ka meaʻai no nā ʻenuhe hānau hou. Ma hope o 8-10 mau lā, hatch ka larva, kahi e hoʻomaka ai e ʻai. I ka makahiki ma kahi o 7 mau pule, hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻenuhe me kahi pae silika i ke kumu o ka mea kanu, kū ka molt hope loa a me nā pupates pākahi.
Noho mau nā pupa i kahi ʻano neʻe ʻole no 2-3 mau pule, a ma hope e lilo i pepe makua. I ka cocoon, luku ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ʻenuhe o ka ʻenuhe, e loli ana i nā kino o ke kanaka makua. ʻO ke kaʻina hana e like me ka digestion o kou kino ponoʻī i loko o ka cocoon.
He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka nui o nā pupae kauwela, ʻeleʻele nā mea hoʻoilo. E noho ka pepe i ka pae pupa a hiki i nā lā mahana mua. Ke haki ke kōkō, hānau kahi mea nani. Noho ka moth i ka lā no kekahi manawa a hoʻomaloʻo i kona mau ʻeheu i hohola ʻia, a ma hope e hele i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka hoa.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka butterowowtail butterfly
Kiʻi: Swallowtail Butterfly
Ma nā pae a pau o ke ola pōʻai, alualu ʻia ka ʻenekini e ka makaʻu. Hiki i ka butterfly Swallowtail ke lilo i meaʻai no nā arachnids, nā manu, nā ants, nā insectivores, a me nā mea hānai liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka nāwaliwali loa nā pulelehua i ka anuhe a pupa paha. Hoʻokele ka pepeke i nā hōʻeha mahalo i kona kala camouflage.
I ka wā ʻōpio, ke nānā aku nei ka ʻenuhe i ka lepo manu. Ma hope o ka molt e hiki mai ana, ʻike ʻia nā ʻalani a me nā ʻalani ʻalani ma ke kino. Hoʻomaopopo ka hiʻohiʻona waihoʻoluʻu i nā mea ʻaihue i kūpono ʻole nā ʻenekema no ka ʻai kanaka. Inā ʻike ka ʻenuhe i ka weliweli, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻopuka i kahi ʻala putrid ʻoluʻolu ʻole me kona mau pepeiaohao, e hōʻike ana he mea hoʻopailua hoʻi kona ʻono.
Ma nā ʻeheu hope he mau ʻulaʻula uliuli me ka palena ʻeleʻele, e like me nā maka. Ke pālahalaha ʻia nā ʻeheu, hoʻonāwaliwali kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i nā mea ʻaihue e makemake ana e ʻahaʻaina i ka mu. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hopena e nā kaʻina elongated ma nā wēlau o nā ʻeheu, e like me nā huelo.
Kanahiku mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua manaʻo ʻia nā pulelehua he pests ma muli o ka ʻai ʻana o nā mea kanu i ulu e nā kānaka. Ua luku nā kānaka i nā butterflies i kēlā me kēia ʻano, mālama ʻana i nā māla me nā lāʻau ʻawahia a me nā kemika. Ma muli o kēia, ua hōʻole wikiwiki ka helu o nā laha a lilo i hana pilikia e hālāwai me kēia mea lele.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Machaon
Liʻiliʻi ka heluna o ka ʻohana ʻalekō a pili pono i ka luku ʻia ʻana o ko lākou wahi maoli. Ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia, ua manaʻo ʻia he liʻiliʻi nā lehulehu. ʻO nā mākana e noho ana i nā wahi ma nā alahao a me nā auwai kahe i hōʻike ʻia i nā kemikona ʻona.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pōʻino nui loa e ka puhi ʻana i ka mauʻu o ke kauwela, kahi i loaʻa ai kahi ʻano catastrophic nui. Ke kuni i ka mauʻu i ka wā puna, luku ʻia ka nui o nā pupae, kahi e hibernate ai i nā kumu mea kanu. ʻO ke ʻoki ʻana i ke kauwela ma nā alaloa ke kumu o ka hōʻino nui ʻana i nā helu.
Hāʻule ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāhewa i nā mea hōʻiliʻili e makemake e loaʻa i nā lālani ʻaneʻane hikiwawe loa i kā lākou hōʻiliʻili. Hoʻopaʻa lākou i nā kanaka a i ʻole no nā hoʻonohonoho pilikino, a i ʻole no ka pānaʻi ʻana me nā ipo like like o nā butterflies mai nā ʻāina like ʻole. Akā ʻaʻohe mea nāna e hōʻiliʻili i nā helu helu, e like me ka ʻikepili i ka nui o nā pohō.
ʻO nā pilikia kūlohelohe ke ʻano o ke anuanu, nā mahana haʻahaʻa, nā hau hau mua, ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka manawa o kēlā me kēia kanaka e pīpī ai, a me ka lōʻihi o ke kau, a hiki i ka lilo ʻana o nā larvae e nā fungi a me nā parasites. ʻIke ʻia ka emi ʻana o nā helu ma waena o ʻEulopa. I kekahi mau ʻāina, pale ʻia ka lāhui.
Kahu kiaʻi Swallowtail
Kiʻi: Swallowtail butterfly mai ka puke ʻulaʻula
Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia ʻano i ka Red Data Book o Ukraine ma 1994, i ka makahiki 1998 i ka Red Data Book o ka Mokuna Moscow, ka Red Data Book of the Vologda Region, ka Red Data Book of Lithuania, a me ka Red Data Data of Karelia a hāʻawi ʻia i ka mahele 3. I ka Red Book o Kelemania, hāʻawi ʻia i ka mahele 4. I loko o ka Red Book of Latvia a me ka Red Book o ka Smolensk Region, ua kahakaha ʻia ka laha me nā mahele 2 o ka makaʻu o ka make ʻana.
Ke hopohopo nei nā poʻe kūlohelohe a puni ka hona e pili ana i ka nui o nā pulelehua a ke hana nei lākou i nā hana e hoʻopau ai i ka hoʻoweliweli o ka luku ʻia o nā laha. Ma Tatarstan, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi papahana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi hale noho i kapa ʻia ʻo "Makhaon Valley". Ua hoʻolālā ʻia i kahi ala e mālama ai i ka ʻāina me ka nui o nā loko i hiki ke hiki.
I mea e huki ai i ka maka i ka pilikia, i ka makahiki 2013 ma Latvia ua kau ʻia ke kiʻi o kahi kolo ma ka palule o ka moku Skrudaliena. I ka makahiki 2006, ua lilo ka moni i ka hōʻailona o Kelemania. I nā ʻāina i luna, ua lawe ʻia nā hana pale e hopu i nā pepe mākua a luku i nā ʻenuhe. Pāpā ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā insecticides a hānai holoholona i ka nohona.
Ke komo nei nā poʻe mālama o ka honua i nā moth hānau ma ka home. no kēia, pono e hoʻolako ʻia nā butterflies me kahi aquarium o 10 liters no 5 mau kānaka, kahi pahu me ka wai, dill a me kahi lālā, kahi e hānai ai nā ʻenuhe i ke kakali ʻana i ka metamorphosis. Pono ka wai a me ka meli e hānai i nā butterflies.
ʻOluʻoli kēia mau mea palupalu iā mākou me ko lākou nani, ka maʻalahi o ka lele, a me ka hoʻololi kupaianaha. Hoʻāʻo kekahi e hopu i ka mu no ka leʻaleʻa, me ka ʻike ʻole he pōkole loa kona ola. ʻOi aku ka leʻaleʻa o kā lākou nani i ka nāhelehele me ka ʻole o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā butterflies.
Ka lā paʻi: 02.06.2019
Lā hou: 25.09.2019 ma 22:06
