ʻO Walrus kekahi o nā kamaʻāina ʻike ʻia o ka ʻākau. He palupalu ko lākou ma kahi o nā wāwae i maʻa i nā poʻe āpau, ma hope o ka huelo e like me ka iʻa. Nui nā tusks nui o lākou, kahi e hiki ʻole ai ke huikau me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, a kūʻē kūʻē ʻole i ke aniau anuanu paʻakikī, no laila ke kumu o ka huaʻōlelo. walrus a lilo i inoa ʻohana. ʻO kēia mau māmela lawaiʻa nui wale nā ʻano o ia ʻano i ka wai Arctic.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Walrus
Wahi a ka zoological classification, no nā ʻohana walrus a i ke ʻina o nā pinnipeds nā walrus. ʻO ia, he mau wili ko lākou ma kahi o nā wāwae. ʻO nā pilikana mamao o nā walrus he mau sila pepeiao, kahi a lākou e like ai me ka helehelena. No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua manaʻo ʻia nā pinnipeds āpau i hoʻokahi kauoha, akā e like me nā manaʻo o kēia au, nā sila pepeiao e pili wale ana i nā walrus, a ʻo nā sila maoli i kahi laina ʻokoʻa loa.
Video: Walrus
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā pinnipeds ʻelua mai nā kūpuna like ʻole, a wehewehe ʻia ke ʻano like o ke kino a me nā lālā e nā ʻano nohona like. Ua loli nā laina o nā sila pepeiao a me nā walrus ma kahi o 28 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO Walrus iā lākou iho, i ko lākou ʻano hou, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma kahi o 5-8 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei a noho i ka moku Pākīpika. Noho lākou i ka wai Arctic ma kahi o 1 miliona mau makahiki.
ʻEkolu mau ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o ka walrus, nona nā pae launa ʻole, a me nā ʻokoʻa iki i ka helehelena, eia kēia:
- Walrus Pākīpika;
- Walrus ʻAkelanika;
- Laptev walrus.
ʻOiai, e like me nā hopena o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o DNA a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻikepili morphometric, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻepekema e manaʻo pono e haʻalele kekahi i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā ʻāpana o Laptev walrus ma ke ʻano he kūʻokoʻa. ʻOiai ke kaʻawale o ka laulā o kēia mau walrus, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka heluna komohana nui loa o nā ʻāpana Pākīpika.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Walrus holoholona
Nui loa ke kino o ka walrus a nui aku. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka makua i ka nui o 4 a 5 mau mika, a hiki ke kaumaha o ke kino i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua tone. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine. Heʻuʻuku ke poʻo o ka walrus i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kona kino, no laila me he mea lā he ulu liʻiliʻi ia ma kona ʻāʻī ikaika.
Noho ʻia ka waha o ka holoholona me nā ʻumiʻumi nui a manoanoa hoʻi, hiki i ka manoanoa ke 1 a i ʻole 2 mm, a ʻo ka lōʻihi mai 15 a 20 cm. ʻAʻohe pepeiao kūwaho o ka walrus, liʻiliʻi nā maka a pōkole hoʻi nā maka. ʻO ka vibrissae ma ka maka o ka holoholona e like me ka palaki i ko lākou helehelena. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e ka walrus ke ʻimi nei i nā mollusk i lalo o ka wai a ke hoʻokele nei ma ka lalo, ʻoiai ma kahi hohonu hohonu ma lalo o ka papa hau ʻaʻole lawa ka mālamalama, a hoʻomaka ka hihiʻo i kahi kuleana lua.
He mau canine luna ko Walrus i hoʻomohala nui ʻia, lōʻihi elongated a kuhikuhi ʻia i lalo o ka iwi ā. Kapa ʻia lākou he tusks. Me lākou, huki ka walrus i ka lalo, e hoʻāʻo ana e ʻeli i nā mollusks a me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe i hūnā ʻia i ke one. Ke neʻe nei i nā floes hau, hiki i ka walrus ke hoʻohana i nā tusks i mea kōkua no ke komo. Akā pono mākou e noʻonoʻo ʻaʻole kēia ke kumu nui o lākou. I kekahi manawa ua ʻino nā pūkuʻu a ua lilo ka walrus iā lākou. Kū pinepine kēia i ka pio, ma muli o nā papa paʻa paʻa i loko o nā pā.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: hiki i nā tusks ke piʻi i kahi mika i ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ʻia a 5 kg. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā Tusks no nā hakakā, no laila ʻo ke kāne me ka nui o nā tusks e hoʻomalu.
Uhi loa ka ʻili mānoanoa o ka holoholona i ka lauoho pōkole, pili paʻa. Akā me ka makahiki, lilo ka lauoho o ke kino i mea liʻiliʻi, a i nā walruses ʻelemakule, ua aneane ʻōlohelohe ka ʻili. ʻEleʻele ʻeleʻele i ka kala.
ʻO nā lālā o ka walrus, e like me nā pinnipeds ʻē aʻe, he palupalu. Akā hoʻololi ʻia lākou no ka neʻe ʻana ma ka ʻāina, ʻokoʻa nā sila. No laila, hiki i nā walrus ke hele wāwae ma ka ʻāina a ʻaʻole kolo e like me nā pinnipeds ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili ʻia nā kapuaʻi. Ma ka ʻāina, he palaha wale nā walrus, neʻe lākou me ka pilikia. Akā he poʻe ʻauʻau maikaʻi loa lākou a ʻoluʻolu loa i ka wai.
Ma hea e noho ai ka walrus?
Kiʻi: Ke kai walrus
Noho ʻo Walrus ma kahakai o ke Kai Arctic a puni ka Pole ʻĀkau. ʻO ko lākou ākea he pōʻaiapuni. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me nā holoholona ma nā kapakai ʻākau o ʻEulopa, ʻAsia, a ma nā kai kahakai o ʻAkau ʻAmelika a me nā moku ʻo ʻAtika nui. Akā ʻaʻole like me nā sila, pale ka walrus i nā wahi wai hāmama a hoʻopaʻa i ka hau, no laila hoʻāʻo lākou e noho kokoke i ke kahakai.
Ma ka laulā, makemake nā walrus e noho ma kahi o ka hohonu a ka lalo i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau mika. ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o kā lākou papaʻai nā mea ola o lalo, ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi e luʻu a hoʻolilo i ka ikehu, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā holoholona. Akā i ka manawa like, aneane hiki i kēlā me kēia walrus ke luʻu i ka hohonu o 150-200 mau mika.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Hiki i nā Walrus ke hoʻolohi i ko lākou puʻuwai ke luʻu. A kōkua kahi papa nui o ka momona subcutaneous iā lākou e kū i nā mahana haʻahaʻa o ka wai, kahi insulator wela maikaʻi.
He neʻe kau o nā holoholona, akā pōkole loa. I ka hoʻoilo, neʻe ka heluna o ka poʻe walrus i ka hema, akā 100-200 mau mile wale nō. No nā holoholona nui, heʻuʻuku loa kēia.
Noho ka helu nui o nā walrus ma ka Chukchi Peninsula, ma nā kapa ʻelua o ke kahakai ʻo Bering; nui a nui nā kolone ma ka Penetana Labrador. Loaʻa nā walrus liʻiliʻi ma ke komohana a me nā ʻāpana waena o ke kahakai ʻo Eurasia. Noho nā Lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻāpana ʻo ʻAkelanika ma kahi kokoke i Greenland a me Spitsbergen.
Loaʻa kēia mau walrus ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka Arctic Lūkini. Hoʻonoho ʻia kahi heluna Laptev i kahi kaʻawale o nā walrus ma nā wahi waena a komohana o ke kai Laptev. ʻO kēia subspecies ka mea liʻiliʻi loa.
He aha ka ʻai a ka walrus?
Kiʻi: ʻAukelika walrus
ʻO nā mollusks Bivalve a me nā invertebrates benthic ʻē aʻe ka hapa nui o ka papa walrus, i hopu ʻia i ka hohonu a 50 mau mika.
Hiki i ka meaʻai ke:
- ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka ula;
- Ululāʻau;
- ʻEnuhe Polychaete.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi, ʻai nā walrus i nā heʻe a me nā kukama kai. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, huli kekahi ʻano iʻa i meaʻai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole nānā ka walrus i ka iʻa. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā walrus ke ʻai i nā pinnipeds ʻē aʻe, e laʻa me nā sila pepe a i ʻole nā sila wili, akā he kakaikahi loa kēia a ma nā hihia kūikawā ke lawa ʻole ka meaʻai maʻamau no nā mea āpau. Hoʻokomo wale ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka, no laila, ʻaʻohe pono e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke ʻano nui o ka ʻai ʻana i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. I nā hihia kakaikahi loa, hiki i nā walrus ke hoʻouka i nā manu i pae i uka.
Ma ka awelika, pono i kahi walrus makua e ʻai a hiki i 50 kg o ka ʻioʻio a i ʻole nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe i kēlā me kēia lā e lawa ai. ʻO kēia ka unuhi ʻana o ka meaʻai. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka walrus me kona mau ʻiʻo ikaika e komo i loko o ka one a lepo paha, "palau" ia a huki i nā pūpū mai laila. Holoi ʻia ko lākou pūpū e ka neʻe ikaika ʻana me nā lola, uhi ʻia ka papa o luna me nā callus paʻakikī, a ʻai ʻia ka ʻiʻo. ʻO ka unuhi ʻana o nā ʻenuhe a me nā crustacean i kahi ala like. Hoʻoholo maoli ʻia kā lākou walrus mai lalo e ʻai. Loaʻa ka ʻimi no ka meaʻai me ke kōkua o vibrissae ma ka maka o ka holoholona.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: puke Red Walrus
ʻO Walrus nā holoholona laka. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka nui o kēlā me kēia pūʻulu mai 20 a 30 mau walrus, akā i kekahi mau rookeries he haneli a i ʻole he mau kaukani mau holoholona e hui pū. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēlā me kēia pūʻulu e ke kāne kāne ikaika a nui hoʻi. Hoʻokaʻawale ke koena i nā manawa me ia a hoʻāʻo e lawe i ke poʻo inoa. ʻAneʻane pinepine nā wahine i ke kumu o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa.
I loko o kahi pā, moe pinepine nā holoholona i kekahi i kekahi, no ka palena o ka ʻāina a i ʻole ka floe hau. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ʻoe e moe ma kou ʻaoʻao, ke hoʻomaha nei kou poʻo i kahi walrus kokoke. A inā he wahi liʻiliʻi loa, a laila hiki iā lākou ke moe i nā papa ʻelua. Ke "neʻe" mau nei ka rookery holoʻokoʻa: hele kekahi mau holoholona i ka wai e ʻai a hōʻoluʻolu paha, a hoʻi koke nā walrus ʻē aʻe i ko lākou wahi e hiamoe ai.
He mea hoihoi: ma nā kaʻe o nā rorus rookeries, kokoke i nā manawa he mau kiaʻi kiaʻi lākou, ke ʻike nei i ka pilikia, haʻi koke aku i nā poʻe āpau me ka halulu nui. Ma hope o kahi hōʻailona, holo ka hipa holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka wai.
E pili ana i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe a i kekahi i kekahi, maluhia a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi nā walrus. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea āpau āpau, ua ulu ka ulu o ka wahine walrus i ke ʻano makuahine, no laila pale lākou me ke aloha ʻole i nā keiki ke ʻike ʻia ka makaʻu, a mālama hoʻi ʻaʻole o kā lākou keiki wale nō, akā ʻo nā keiki a kekahi poʻe Pili aloha pū lākou. ʻO kēlā me kēia walrus makua i ka pipi e ʻae i kahi cub e piʻi i kona kua a moe i laila e hoʻomaha ai.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Walrus pēpē
He maluhia a mālie hoʻi nā Walrus, akā i ka wā o ka moena ʻana, i ka hopena o ʻApelila a i ka mua o Mei paha, nui nā kaua no nā wahine ma waena o nā kāne. I ka hakakā, hoʻohana lākou i kā lākou tusks-tusks ikaika, akā ʻaʻole lākou e waiho i nā hāʻule ikaika i ke kino o ka hoa paio. He ʻeleʻele mānoanoa ko Walrus a me ka mānoanoa o ka momona, kahi e pale ai i ka hōʻeha koʻikoʻi i nā mea o loko.
I ka hopena o ʻApelila, hōʻiliʻili nā walrus kāne i ka nui o ka sperm makua, a mākaukau lākou e hoʻohua i ka wahine. ʻO nā wahine hoʻi, mākaukau hoʻi no ka hoʻomomona ʻana i kēia wā, a ma ke kau waena o Mei e hoʻomaka ai lākou e hoʻomōhala i ka corpus luteum o ka hāpai keiki.
Ma hope o ka male ʻana, hoʻomau nā walrus āpau i ko lākou ola mālie i kā lākou holoholona. E lawe mai nā wahine hāpai i kā lākou keiki i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki. Hānau mau ka pēpē wale nō. Hiki i kona kaumaha i 60-70 kg, ʻo kona lōʻihi ma kahi o hoʻokahi mika. Hiki i kahi walrus liʻiliʻi ke ʻauʻau i ka wai mai ka hānau ʻana, kōkua kēia iā ia e ola inā loaʻa ka pilikia, a luʻu ʻo ia ma hope o kona makuahine.
ʻO ka wā lactation i nā walrus he lōʻihi loa - ʻelua mau makahiki holoʻokoʻa. No laila, hānau wale nā walrus i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 4-5 mau makahiki. Hiki i ka wahine ke hāpai pinepine pinepine inā ua make ka cub mua. Ke ulu ʻo walrus ʻōpio ma kahi o nā tusks nui, kū ka lactation a hoʻololi ke holoholona i ka hānai kūʻokoʻa. Ua oʻo kolohe nā kāne e ka ʻeono a ʻehiku mau makahiki o ka makahiki, nā wahine ma mua iki.
Noho mau nā ʻōpala i loko o ka pā hoʻokahi me ko lākou mau mākua, akā ma ke ʻano he poʻe kūʻokoʻa.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā walrus
Kiʻi: Walruses Russia
Nui a ikaika loa nā Walrus, no laila he kakaikahi ka poʻe e hiki ke hana ʻino iā lākou. ʻO nā holoholona o ka ʻāina, hiki wale i kahi polar bear ke hōʻeha i ka walrus, a hana ʻo ia ia i kekahi ala. Ke kiaʻi nei ka bea i ka walrus ma ka lihi o ka ice floe a i ʻole ma kahi kokoke i ka lua hau, kahi e puka mai ai ka walrus.
I kēia manawa e kū nei e pono i ka bea e hahau iā ia, i hiki iā ia ke kūpale hou i ke kupapaʻu. ʻO ia, inā ʻaʻole ia e pepehi a kīkē paha i ka walrus me hoʻokahi hahau, e kūʻē aku ka walrus iā ia. I ke kaua ma waena o kahi walrus a me kahi bea, hiki i ka lua ke hōʻeha koʻikoʻi e nā tusks o ka pilikua kai.
Pilikia nō hoʻi nā bea no nā keiki hānau hou a me nā walrus liʻiliʻi. Hiki i nā bea ke hoʻouka iā lākou pono ma ka ʻāina, ma ka hau. ʻAʻole hiki i nā pēpē ke hāʻawi i ke kūpaʻa ikaika a make pinepine i nā paʻa lima o nā mea ʻino.
Aia kekahi mau hihia o ka hōʻeha i nā walrus e nā kohola kohola. ʻAneʻane lākou i 3 manawa i ka nui ma mua o nā walrus, a ʻo 4 mau manawa ke kaumaha ma mua o lākou, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i ka walrus ke pale iā ia iho mai ke kohola kohola. Mālama wale ʻo ia i ke pakele ke hele ʻo ia i waho o ka ʻāina. ʻO nā hana ʻimi holoholona no nā kohola kohola ka mea like mau. Hoʻopili lākou iā lākou iho i ʻāpana o nā walrus, hoʻokaʻawale iā ia, a laila hoʻopuni i kahi kanaka kaʻawale a hoʻouka iā ia.
ʻO ka ʻenemi nui o nā walrus ʻo ke kāne. No kaʻiʻo, momona, ʻili a me nā ʻiʻo, ʻimi pinepine ka poʻe i nā walrus. I ka pepehi ʻana i hoʻokahi walrus, hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai i kou ʻohana no kekahi mau mahina, no ka nui o nā walrus i make i ka lima o kānaka. Akā ʻaʻole ka pōloli wale e kipaku i ka poʻe e pepehi i kēia mau holoholona maluhia, kaʻi pū ʻia lākou e ke kuko o ka ʻimi holoholona.
Minamina, ʻo ia ke kumu i make nui ai nā walrus no ka mea ʻole. Hoʻolālā mālie lākou, a ua emi nui ka helu o nā walrus. E hoʻonui ka manawa i ka hoʻonui ʻana iā ia, a, ʻo ka mea e ʻōlelo ai, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonui i kēia kaʻina hana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Walrus holoholona
ʻAʻohe ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i ka helu o nā walrus i kēia lā. Wahi a nā koho paʻakikī, ʻo ka helu o nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻāpana o ka Pakipika ma kahi o 200 tausani mau kānaka. ʻO ka helu o ka ʻĀtelani walrus kahi ʻoka o ka nui o ka haʻahaʻa - mai 20 a 25,000 mau holoholona, no laila ke manaʻo ʻia nei kēia mau ʻāpana. ʻO ka heluna liʻiliʻi loa ka heluna Laptev. I kēia lā, aia mai 5 a 10 tausani mau ʻano walrus.
ʻAʻole wale nā hana a ke kanaka, akā ʻo ka hoʻololi o ke aniau o ka honua ka hopena nui i ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau holoholona. Ma kahi kikoʻī, aia kahi hōʻemi o ka lōʻihi o ka hau ʻeke a me kona mānoanoa. ʻO ia hoʻi, ma kēia hau, hana nā walrus i kā lākou rookeries no ka moena a me ka hānau hānau ʻana i ka wā hānau.
Manaʻo ʻia ma muli o ka hoʻololi o ke anilā, ua emi kahi wahi kūpono no nā walrus e hoʻomaha ai ma kahi o kā lākou wahi hānai maikaʻi. Ma muli o kēia, koi ʻia nā wahine e hele lōʻihi aku i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, a pili pū kēia i ka hānai ʻana o ka ʻōpio.
Ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā walrus, pāpā ʻia kā lākou ʻohi pāʻoihana ʻana e ke kānāwai i nā ʻāina āpau. I kahi palena palena wale nō, ʻae ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana no nā ʻōiwi a me nā lāhui ʻōiwi wale nō, ka mea i pili pili i ka mōʻaukala me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka walrus.
Pale Walrus
Kiʻi: puke Red Walrus
ʻO nā ʻāpana Atlantika o nā walrus a me Laptev e noho ana i nā wai Lūkini i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Red Book o Russia. Pale aku ko lākou kahakai kahakai, a ua pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana mai ka wā 1950. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā ʻāhaʻaina he mau mālama, a hoʻemi ʻia ka hana ʻoihana ma ko lākou wahi. Akā ma waho o kēia, ʻaʻohe hana kūikawā a me nā mea hou aʻe no ka pale ʻana o nā walrus i hana kikoʻī ʻia.
Ua hiki i nā hana o ka honua āpau ke hoʻonui i ka ulu maoli o nā walrus. Ma ka awelika, i kēia manawa aia ma kahi o 14%, ʻo ia ka 1% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka make o kēia mau holoholona. Me nā hana i hana ʻia, aʻoaʻo ʻia e hoʻonohonoho i nā hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā wahi noho a me ka nānā pono ʻana i nā helu i kēlā me kēia manawa.
Aia kekahi manaʻo no ka mālama ʻana i ka heluna kanaka, he mea kūpono ke pale aku ʻole i nā walrus iā lākou iho e like me nā holoholona a lākou e hānai ai. Akā ʻo kēia wale nō kekahi o nā ana kūpono. Aia kekahi manaʻo e pili ana ka hāʻule o nā helu i ka loli. Hoʻopilikia loa kēia i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o nā lehulehu.
ʻO ke ana kūpono wale nō e kaupalena i ka haumia o ke kai a me ka wai, a e kaupalena ʻia nā haunaele e like me ka halulu engine mai nā helikopter a me nā moku hele. A laila walrus e hiki ke hoʻihoʻi i kāna heluna kanaka a hoʻomaka paha e hoʻihoʻi i kona kūlana i ke kaiaolaola honua.
Lā paʻi: 07.04.2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 15:04
